QUAN TRj HUAN IV
CHAT LlTCfNG GIANG DAY TRlTC TUYEN TRONG DAI DICH COVID-19 TAI MQT SO TRlJCfNG HOC PHO THONG CUA VIET NAM
• TA DLfC MINH - DO ANH DUfC
T 6 M TAT:
Nam 2020, Dai dich Covid - 19 lan rdng tren khap the'gidi da khie'n hdn 12 trieu ngudi nhilm va gin 550.0001^ vong [1]. Vidt Nam bi anh hifSng nhi^u nha't vao khoang thang 2 d^'n giffa thang 4 nam 2020, vi vaiy hiu he't hoc sinh tren ca ntfdc deu phai ti6'n h^nh hpc trifc tuyen (online). Bki vie't tgip trung chu ye'u vao viec giang day online tai cac trUdng phd thong Viet Nam, ndi he thong giang day va doi ngu giang day vln con han che c^ vl trang thie't hi va nhan hie.
Tuf khoa: Gidng day trirc tuyg'n, giing day online, chat lu'dng gidng day online.
I. DSt van d l
Dai dich Covid-19 da diy thS' gidi v&o cudc 'khung hoang chifa cd' ke tir sau cuoc chie'n tranh the'gidi thi?hai, tac dpng sSu rdng tdi nhieu mat cua xa hdi. Nganh giao due cung khdng phai la ngoai Id khi 191 qud'c gia tr6n the'gidi da cho ddng cu'a tCt cd cac tnfdng hpc.
Theo "Bao cao tac dong cua Covid 19 tdi kinh td' Viet Nam" [2] cua Trifdng dai hpc Kinh td' qud'c dSn cho tha'y ng&nh giao due suy giam khoang 65% do phai chuye'n sang day online mpt cdch thu ddng, trien khai cham hdn 1 thang so vdi ke' hoach hpc tap thong thu'dng. Ca nu'dc cd 14.179 cd sd gido due vdi hdn 37 tridu hpc sinh (Ty Id khoang 17 gido vien tren 1.000 hoe sinh).
Ridng he cao dang, dai hpc cd khoang 436 trifdng, trong dd chu ye'u la cong ISp 347 trUdng vdi trdn 91.400 giang vien, tren 2,4 tridu sinh vidn (Ty Id khoang 26 sinh vidn/1 giang vien).
NhUvSy, ridng bac Phd thong da cd hdn 13 trieu
hpc sinh se phai nghi hpc tam thdi, ehuydn sang hinh thUe hpc trUc tuyd'n (hpc online) khi dich Covid-19 bung phat. Tuy chi keo dai trong gan 3 thdng, nhUng hpc true tuye'n da hoc 16 nhieu van de ve chS't lupng day va hpc. ne'u keo dai hd't cd ky hpc thi khd xdc dinh miJc do hoan thanh ve muc tieu va nhiem vu hpc tap eiia kho'i hoc sinh cac trudng pho thong. Hdn nffa, khac vdi cac trUdng dai hpc, cac trUdng phd thong phan Idn khdng CO nhan lUc chuyen trach ve iJng dung cac van de gidng day tff xa hoac bao mat thong lin.
Vide giang day eung phdi chay theo chUdng trinh va npi dung nha'l dinh dan dd'n moi trUdng eo edeh thu'c lam khdc nhau.
Nghien cffu nay gidi thidu tdng quan ve giang day trUe tuye'n va xuhudng ffng dung, lamro ihUc trang giang day IrUc tuye'n tai mpt so' trUdng phd thong tren dia ban Ha Npi trong ddt dich Covid 19 va de xua't cac giai phap gdp phan nang cao hidu qua gidng day trUc luyen trong thdi gian tdi.
TAP CHJ GONG THlTdNB
2. Tdng quan cac nghidn ciJu v l cha't Irfdng giang day tri^c tuyd'n va xu hifdng iJng dung
Lich sff cua dao tao tff xa bat nguIn tff y tffdng ban dau cua Sir Issac Pitman vao nhffng nam dau cua thd' kj XIX. Khdi nguon tif Anh quo'c, dao tao tff xa lan tdi Dffc va Nhat nham phd quat cac viing xa xoi trong lanh tho. Tuy nhien. My lai la quo'c gia phat trien hmh thffc dao tao tff xa manh nha't do dactrffngvLing lanh thd rpngldn trai dai trdn khap luc dia Bdc My, dac biet la tff khi mua lai vung lanh thd Alaska. Phffdng thffc dao tao tif xa ngay cang trd len phd bie'n va phat trien manh khi cac phat minh ra ddi cho phep eon ngffdi \\iu trff va truyen thong tin di xa hdn. Radio, TV, bang dia ra ddi tao dieu kidn thudn ldi cho vide hoe tap tff xa.
Dd'n nay, vdi sff phat trien tff khoa hoe cong nghd, dac bidt la sau sff ra ddi eua Internet, vide hpc tff xa eon ed the phan loai thanh cae hinh thffc nhu hpc online hoac offline [3]. Uu diem cua phUdng thffc dao tao tff xa la sff linh hoat, cho phep tinh tijf hpc va dpc lap cao, vffa kd't hdp hpc va lam viec, khong mat thdi gian di lai, hpc mpi luc mpi ndi, gidm chi phi hpc tap,... Dao tao tff xa bac cu"
nhan gan vdi dao tao nghe nen phan Idn cac hpc vidn tham gia hpc tff xa la cde cdn bp, nhan vien, ngffdi lao ddng tai cac doanh nghiep. Van de dat ra la lam sao gSn ke't dao tao tff xa vdi nhu cau dao tao ci3a cac doanh nghidp luon la muc tieu cffa cac chUdng trinh dao tao eff nhan tff xa trdn the' gidi.
Nhin ehung, viec nghien cffu ve cha't Iffdng giang day online tren the' gidi da bat dau dffdc thffc hien gan day cang lam rd chat Iffdng giang day online, trong do da sd^ deu khang dinh tffdng tae la tdc nhan Idn nha't len chat Iffdng cua giang day online noi ehung.
Karen Swan (2003) cd quan diem kha do'i lap vdi nhi?ng ke't qua Iff nhffng nghien cffu trffdc do khi cho tha'y cd sU khae bidt ro ret giffa hpc online va offline (4]. Theo dd, nhffng nghien cffu trffdc da cd nhffng tri thffc luan sai lam khi coi bai gidng dffde thie't ke' dii td't thi hgc online hay offline deu cho ra mot ke't qua tffdng tff. Vi vay, ngffdi ta thffdng c6' gang tao nhffng bdn sao hoan ehinh nha't cua bai gidng truyen thd'ng de gidng day trffe tuyd'n, nhffng thffc td' lai khie'n nhffng bai giang nay trd len kem to'i ffu hdn. Nghien cffu nay tap trung vao tdc dpng ciia sff tffdng tac dd'i vdi gido vien, do'i vdi ban hpc, dd'i vdi npi dung truyen tdi.
Tie'p theo. Susan Copley Cobb (2009) cQng chi ra ye'u to've social presence (mffc dp "that" qua cac
thiet bi thu phat dau cudi) la nhan to' quan trpng nhat dnh hudng tdi chat ludng ciia giang day trUc tuye'n [5]. Dieu nay khang dinh nhan to'chinh dnh hudng len chat lUpng hpc online ehinh la sff tUdng tdc.
Tai Vidt Nam, cung da cd mot sd nghien cffu ve cha't Iffdng giang day trUc tuye'n, nhifng da phan la ddnh cho bac cao dang, dai hoc, ehua cd sif chii trpng vao bde phd thdng, ndi hpc online ngdy cang phat trien manh me. Trong de an "Dao tao eff nhdn tff xa NEU_EDUTOP gan vdi nhu cau dao tao cua doanh nghiep tai Viet Nam trong ky nguyen cong nghd 4.0" da dUa ra thUc trang dao tao tff xa (dis- tance learning) va nhu cau ciia doanh nghidp trong thdi dai cdng nghd 4.0, tff dd dffa ra mot vai gdi y de nang eao eha't Iffdng giang day. Tuy nhidn, de an chi tap trung vao dd'i tffdng Id doanh nghiep mudn dao tao nhdn lffe chff chffa d l cdp tdi ddo tao tff xa d cae cap hpc tha'p hdn [3].
Theo mpt khao sdt nhanh v l vide hpc trUc tuye'n dffdc Doan Thanh nien vd Hpi Sinh vidn, Trffdng Dai hoc Nha Trang thffc hidn vdi gdn 4.000 sinh vien trong ngdy 12/4 vffa qua, cd tdi 85% sinh vien cho bie't vide hpc trffe tuyd'n cd hidu qua thafp hdn so vdi hpc truyen thdng, 36% sinh vidn dffdc khdo sdt cho bie't cd gap nhffng ddi tffdng qud'y pha Idp,... [6] Dieu nay da minh chffng ro net nhffng nhffdc diem Idn ciia hoc online. Khdo sdt ndy mdi ehi lay y kie'n hoc sinh, chffa cd ddnh gid tdi chat Iffdng giang day online, nen viec nghien cffu ve eha't Iffdng giang day online van Id chu de can dffdc nghien cffu trong thdi gian tdi.
3. Danh gia thifc trang giang d^y tri^c tuy€^n tai ni$t sd' trufdng phd thdng trdn dia ban Ha NOi De tha'y ro thffc trang eha't Iffdng giang day trffe tuye'n, nghidn cffu tid'n hdnh dilu tra khao sdt su:
dung phidu bang hoi vdi hpc sinh tai 2 trffdng pho thdng Idn tren dia ban thdnh phd Hd Npi la THCS Gidng Vo va THPT Chuyen Ha Npi - Amsterdam trong thang 5 va thang 6 nam 2020, sau khi hpe lap qua mang online ddi dich Covid 19. Kd't qud dieu tra khdo sdt thu dffdc 193 phie'u hdp Id (44 tff hoc sinh THPT va 149 hpe sinh THCS). Off lieu sau khi dffdc thu thap se tien hdnh md hda, nhap so'lidu, lam sach vdi phan mim SPSS de phan tich cde bien gdm quan diem va thdi dp ve hpc online, chat Iffdng gidng vien day online, cha't Iffdng dffdng truyin mang, tai lieu hpc tap qua mang vd phffdng phap kiem tra ddnh gia. Kel qud phan tich b<ing phan mem SPSS 20 cho thay ro nhu Bang 1:
270 So 17 -Thang 7/2020
QUAN TR! HUAN I t
Bang 1. Banh gia ve he so ti/cing quan bien tong cua cac nhan to
Item-Total Statistics
D F A QoG
TQ 1 C QoD
Scale Mean If Item Deleted
22,66 22,62 22,50 22,73 22,48 23,36 22,90 22,51
Scale Variance If Item Deleted
18,186 19,438 18,616 18,784 18,022 19,127 27,427 24,084
Conected Item-Total Conelatjon
,671 ,635 ,667 ,517 ,588 ,455 ,271 ,036
Cront>ach's Alpha If Item Deleted
,578 ,611 ,583 ,610 ,591 ,626 ,778 ,710
Ket qud tai Bang 1 cho tha'y, he so' Cronbach's alpha la 0,677 (du tidu chuan sff dung). Hai nhan td ve cdsd vat cha't diu cho ra he sd'tffdng quan bid'n tdng ciia bie'n nhd hdn 0,3, ddng thdi hd so' Cronbach's alpha cua ca he khi xda 2 nhdn td' nay dl deu cao hdn (lan Iffdt la 0,778 vd 0,710). Do dd, nghien cffu se tam thdi Itfdc bo tdc dpng cua 2 nhan tdnay doi vdi ke't qua eud'i cung nham ddm bao do tin eay eua cae nhan to'. Xem xet cde nhan to' ddng bid'n vdi chd't Iffdng giang va day online cho tha'y kd't qua nhff Bdng 2:
Bang 2 tdng hdp sd lieu tff 193 mdu khao sat cho tha'y cot cha't Iffdng giang day online (QoE - Quality of educa- tion) deu chiu tdc dpng nha't dinh tff cde nhdn to'ben dudi nhff thdi Iffdng giang day (D - Duration), cha't Iffdng giao vidn (TQ - Teacher Quality), mffc dp tap trung cua hpc sinh (F - Focusing),...
0 mdi hang ciia mot nhdn to', cot Cor- relation the hien mffe do tdc dpng ciia moi nhan to'len chd't Iffdng gidng day online, trong do mffc do anh hffdng ti le thuan vdi chi sd Correlation. Dd dang nhan tha'y, nhan to'thdi lffdng (D) ed tac dpng Idn nhd't Idn chd't Iffdng ehung (0,307), edc nhan td tff gido vidn cung cd Iffdng tdc Idn do'i vdi QoE khi chi so' Correlation dao dpng trong khodng 0,15. Mot nhan td khac khid'n hpc sinh ddnh gia tha'p eha't lUdng giang day online dd la tinh dp dung li thuye't vao bai tap. Cac nhan td' con lai eung cd dnh hffdng nhd (chi sd Correlation dffdi 0,1) ddi vdi QoE.
Ne'u xem xet eu the theo tffng khdi phd thong cd sd vdi khd'i phd thdng trung hpc cho thd'y sff khac biet nhff Bdng 3:
Bang 3 tdng hdp so' lieu tff 149 mdu khdo sdt cho tha'y ye'u td cd mffe dp dnh hffdng Idn nha't van la thdi Iffdng (D), tid'p do la cde ye'u td tff gido vien nhff kha nang Iffdng tdc (I) hay chd't Iffdng bdi hpc
Bdng 2. Bang chi so Pearson Correlation glCfa QuE va cde nhan to Correlations
QoE
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)
N
QoE 1
193 D ,307"
,000 193
F ,008 ,917 193
A ,148*
,040 193
QoS ,060 ,411 193
TQ ,142*
,048 193
1 ,152*
,035 193
C -.089
,219 193
QoD ,003 ,965 193
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
Bang 3. Bang chi so Pearson Correlation glQa QuE va cac nhan to cua bac PTCS Conflations
QoE
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-lailed)
N
QoE 1
149 D ,249"
,002 149
F -,039
,637 149
A ,106 ,198 149
QoG ,060 ,469 149
TQ ,119 ,148 149
1 -.028
,735 149
C ,052 ,528 149
QoD -,019 ,814 149
. Correlation is significant al the 0.01 level (2'tailed).
TAP Cli CONG THlftfNB
Bang 4. Bang chi so Pearson Correlation giura QuE va cac nhdn to cua bdc PTTH
QoE
Pearson Correlation Sig. (2-tailed)
N
QoE 1
44 D ,464"
,001 44
Correlations F ,183 ,233 44
A ,262 ,100 44
QoG ,077 ,619 44
TQ j 1 ,312*
,039 44
,439**
,003 44
C -.247
,105 44
QoD ,015 ,922 44
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed}.
(TQ). Nhin ehung, cde yd'u to'edn lai khong ed anh hffdng qua Idn ddi vdi chd't Iffdng gidng day online.
Do'i vdi khd'i phd thong trung hpc cung cho tha'y ke't qud nhU Bdng 4:
Bdng 4 tdng hdp so' lieu tff 44 mau khao sat d bdc PTTH cho tha'y ro sff khdc bidt dd'i vdi kd't qud thu dffdc tff bdc PTCS. Cde nhan td dnh hffdng Idn tdi chd't Iffdng gidng day online van la thdi Iffdng hpc tap chffa thda ddng (D), cac yd'u td tff gido vien (TQ, I) chffa ddp ffng dffdc nhffng ydu c^u eho viec gidng day online. Dae bidt, mffe dp tap trung ciia hpc sinh trong gid hpe (F) va ddng thdi la khd nang dp dung bai gidng vao lam bai tap (A) cung ddng gdp mdt phan dang ke (lan lUdt la 0,183 vd 0,252).
4. Kd't ludin va mpt so'kie'n nglii
Ke't qua khdo sdt thUc trang chd't Iffdng giang day trffe tuye'n 2 trffdng phd thdng Idn trdn dia bdn Thanh phd Hd Npi Id THCS Giang Vd va THPT Chuydn Hd Npi - Amsterdam sau khi hpc tdp qua mang online ddt dieh Covid 19 da thu dffdc cac kd't qua chinh sau day:
Mot Id: Nhdn to' anh htfdng Idn nha't dd'i vdi chd't Iffdng gidng day trtfc tuye'n chinh la thdi Iffdng hpc tap khong du de truyen dat he't kie'n thffc. Dieu nay Id tffdng do'i de hieu khi ddt dich Covid-19 dien bie'n phffc tap khie'n cho hpe sinh phai nghi hpc trong hdn 3 thang. Thanh pho' Hd Ndi tuy da cd nhffng gidi phap kip thdi nhff trien khai kd' hoaeh hpe qua truyin hinh nhUng diu nay Id chUa du bu ddp.
Hai la: Giang day online dUdng nhU khdng ed du phUdng phap khuyd'n khich dpng lUe hpe so vdi hpc tap trUc tie'p. dilu nay khid'n cho nhffng bdi gidng qua truyen hinh, tren website cua cac trffdng hpc trdn loan dia ban thanh phd to ra khong md'y hieu qua. Chi khi edc thay cd giao bat dau giang day qua Zoom thi tinh trang nay mdi dan cai thidn.
Trffdng THCS Gidng Vd theo thdng tin thffc te da CO sff ehuan bi kl cdng cho ndn cac em hpe sinh
dffdc cde thay c6 ddn dd'c nhac nhd tff khd sdm so vdi mat bdng ehung, ndn mffc do anh hffdng ciia thdi Iffdng cOng tha'p hdn. Mat khac, Trtfdng THPT Chuyen Ha Npi - Amsterdam mdi chi dap ffng theo nhffng yeu cau tff sd Gido due Thanh phd' Ha Npi ndn bat dau tffdng dd'i mudn so vdi trffdng THCS Gidng Vo, mffc dp anh hffdng do thdi Iffdng la tffdng ddi cao.
Ba Id: Nhffng tdc dpng tff phia gido vien la rat rd rdng. Khong the khang dinh gido vidn Id khdng CO gang no Iffc trong qud trinh giang day online.
Thay cd gido cGng da hd't long soan bai, soan cau hdi de dUa len trang trUc tuyd'n vdi hy vpng giup cho hpc sinh hpc tap nhdm eung co'kid'n thffc. Tuy nhien, mdt phdn la do giao vidn chtfa dffdc dao tao kl Iffdng eho giang day trffe tuyd'n va phan nhilu la bdi tffdng tde giffa hpc sinh va gido vidn bi gidi han khi phai hpe qua mdn hinh nho nen mffc dd tdc dpng tdi eha't Iffdng ehung cua giang day online eua hai nhan td' nay la tffdng ddi Idn.
Bdn la: Nhffng thid'u thon trong cd sd vat chat phuc vu eho hpc tdp (dffdng truyen vd tdi li?u) tffdng chffng nhff la can trd Idn nha't dd^i vdi qud trinh hpc tap trffe tuye'n lai xdp sau edc yeu td con ngffdi ve mffc dp anh hffdng tdi chat Iffdng gidng day online.
De nang cao chdt Iffdng giang day trffe tuyen, nghien cffu de xua't mpt so giai phdp cu the nhff sau:
Mot la: cin ehu trpng tdi cha't Itfdng bai gidng va sff tffdng tde giffa hpc sinh va giao vien. De tdng sff tffdng tdc khi hpc trffe tuyd'n, giao vien cd the thffc hien mpt so' each sau:
- Truyen dat vdi nang lUdng tich cffe: Bai gidng dii hay dd'n ddu, hpc sinh cung dd cam tha'y nhdm ehdn va xao nhang nd'u giao vien khdng truyen nang Iffdng vdo trong dd.
- Tang cffdng n/dng tae vdi tffng cd nhan trong Idp: Dieu nay khdng nhffng giup hoc sinh tap Irting
272 So 17-Thang 7/2020
QUAN TRj-qUANLY
hdn md cdn cd khd nang khdi gdi nhffng y kie'n ca nhan. Gido vien hay eo nhd mdt vai thdng tin cd nhan tff hpe sinh bdi khi hoc sinh nhdn thffc dffdc sU quan tdm tff gido vien, hp se sdn sang de dffa ra y kiln hdn.
- Sff dung ehffe nang chat: Tinh nang nay thffc stf la mdt diem edng khi hpc online hpc sinh khong nhd't thie't phdi ndi chuyen trffe tie'p vdi gido vidn va dac biet hffu ieh khi cac em tram tinh it ndi se CO the tham gia xdy dffng buoi hpc.
-Giao vien eung ndn thid't kd'lai npi dung budi hpc sao eho phii hdp nha't dd'i vdi hpc trffe tuyen:
Sii dung tai lieu md - tang cffdng nhffng boat dong tif tim kid'm thdng tin tff Internet: Internet la mpt kho tdng tri thffc khdng id, nen viec sff dung Internet de tim kie'm khong nhffng giup hpc sinh hieu sau hdn ma cdn tang cffdng khd nang tra cffu cua hpe sinh. Dieu nay ciing giup hpc smh cd them ngudn tn thffc de dat cdu hoi xay dtfng bai.
Them nhffng cdu hdi kiem tra ngan: Nhffng eau hoi nay khdng can qud khd, nhung se giiip giao vien kidm tra lai sff tdp trung va giiip hpc sinh ghi nhd them mdt lan nffa. Bd sung nhffng tai lieu cd tinh tffdng tdc eao hdn dd'i vdi hpc sinh: Viec nhin vao mdn hinh bd't ddng mot khoang thdi gian dai rat de hi mat tap trung, vi vay, giao vidn ndn da dang hda edc loai tdi Heu de hpc sinh khdng cdm thay nham chdn.
Hai Id: Can dau tff thffc chd't vdo ed sd ha tang ky thudt cho gidng day online gdm cac mang:
- Dau tff ede thid't bi ghi phdt bdi gidng va ket ndi giffa gido vidn vd hpc sinh.
- Tang chat Iffdng dffdng truyen mang do cac nhd mang cung ffng.
- Thie't kd' cde phan mem giang day online 100% bdn quyen cua Vidt Nam dap ffng ydu eau dae thu ciia gido due Vidt Nam.
- Tang effdng cde bidn phdp an toan mang va bao mat trong qud trinh day va hpc online.
Ba la: Nen ed nhffng dao tao tap hud'n cho ca ngudi day va hpc online nham ban che'nhffng thdi gian lang phi khi ehuan bi, nhffng sai sdt trong qud trinh thao tdc day vd hpc online. Tdp trung vao doi ngu hd trd giang day online nhtf cdn bd ky thuat tin hpe, mdy tinh va phan mem.
Bdn la: Tuyen truyen va khuye'n khich cde gia dinh cd con em hpc online tao dieu kidn cho cde em cd khdng gian hpc tap online. Trdnh cae hidn ttfdng vd y hay phan cam d cde khudn hinh hay khdng gian hpc.
Ndm la: Can ed quy che' rieng cho day vd hpc online, viec ffng dung khan cap day vd hpc online trong dip Covid 19 vffa la thdch thffc nhffng cung la cd hpi md ra cho phffdng thffc dao tao mdi, dao tao online theo cde phffdng thffc hdn hdp (blended learning) hay dao tao tff xa (distance education).
Dieu ndy dang la xu hffdng td't yd'u khi nhieu trffdng hpe bdn My va chdu Au da co ke'hoaeh dp dung dd'n hd't thang 6 ndm 2021, minh chffng rd ndt rang hpe online la mdt phan td't yd'u ciia gido due hien dai. Do do, rd't can cd mpt bp quy che ve dao lao online tai Viet Nam nham han che nhffng vd'n d l ba't ddng giffa ngffdi day, ngffdi hpc, nha trtfdng, gia dinh, nhd quan ly vd cac ben lien quan •
TAX LIPU THAM KHAO:
1. World Meter, "Covid-19 coronavu-us pandemic", truy cap ngay 10/07/2020, https://www.worldometers.info/
coronavirus/'^ulm_campaign=homeAdvegasl?%22%20%5Cl%22countries.
2. Tnfdng Dai hoc Kinh tequdc dan (3/2020), "Bdo cdo tdc dgng Covid 19 tdi nin kmh tiViet Nam". nhom nghien cffu cua Dai hpc Kinh le quo'c dan.
3. Ta Ldi (2017), "Ddo tao cd nhan lUxa NEU-EDUTOP gdn vdi nhu cau ddo tao cua doanh nghiep tai Viet Nam trong ky- nguyen cdng nghe 4.0", Hoi thao Dao tao tff xa trong ky nguyen each mang cong nghe 4.0. Trudng Dai hoc Kinh te'Qudc dan 2017.
4. Karen Swan (2003), "LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS ONLINE: WHAT THE RESEARCH TELLS US". Research Centre for Educational Technology, Kent State University, truy cap ngSy 14/6/2020. Iittps://www.academia edu/
download/30713983/leaming'effectiveness.pdf.
TAP CHi CONC T H K D N G
5. Susan Copley Cobb (2009), "Social Presence and Online Learning: A Current View from a Research Perspective", Thomas Edison State College, truy cSp ngay 20/6/2020, hnp://anitacrawley.net/Re:>ource.Mnicles/
Social'h20Presence%20and%20Online%20Leaming%20A%20Currenl%20View%20lrom%20a'k20Research.pdf.
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Ngay nhSn bai: 15/6/2020
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va siia chifa: 26/6/2020 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 6/7/2020
Thong tin ldc gia:
l.TABlJCMINH
L«p 11 Toan 1, Trrfclng THPT chuy6n Ha Noi - Amsterdam 2.TS.D6ANHDlfC
Vi^n Thtfdng mgi va Kmh te Quoc te^
Trtfchig Dai hpc Kinh ti Qu8'c d9n.
THE QUALITY OF ONLINE EDUCATION AT SOME VIETNAM'S SECONDARY SCHOOLS AND fflOH SCHOOLS DURING
THE COVlD-19 PANDEMIC
• TA DUC MINH Grade 11 - Mathemafics 1, Hanoi - Amsterdam High School for the Gifted
• Ph.D DOANH DUC
School of Trade and International Economics Notional University of Economics
ABSTRACT:
In 2020, the Covid - 19 pandemic has spread worldwide with more than 12 miUion infected people and nearly 550,000 deaUis worldwide. Vietnam was liardest hit in February to mid-April 2020 and most pupils across the country had to study online during this time. This paper presents the status quo of online teaching activties of Vietnam's secondary schools and high schools which do not have adequate equipment and human resources for online education.
Keywords: Online teaching, online learning, quality of online education.
274 So )7-Thong 7/2020
