Cac nhan to tac dong den viec chon tru'dng dai hoc cua hoc sinh I6p 12 tmng hoc pho thong
tren dja ban tinh Ben Tre
HA VAN SdN' MGavEN VAN HIEQ- Tdm tat
Nghien cffu nhdm xdc dinh cdc nhdn id tdc dgng de'n viec chgn trudng dgi hgc cua hgc sinh Idp 12 trung hgc phd thdng (THPT) tren dia bdn tinh Ben Tre. Ket qud nghien cffu clio ihdy.
vi$c chgn trudng dgi hoc cua hgc sinh ldp 12 THPT trin dia bdn tinh Bi'n Tre chiu tdc dgng cua 6 nhdn to: Danh tii'ng trUdng dgi hgc; Ca hdi trong tuang lai; Ddc diem cd nhdn cda hoc sinh; Dgc diem cddinh cua trudng dgi hgc; Ca hgi trung luyen; vd Cd nhdn cd dnh hudng.
Trong dd, nhdn idCahgi irong tuang lai dnh hudng mgnh nhdt.
Tit khoa: chgn irudng dai hgc, trung hgc phd thdng, ca hgi trung luyen. dja bdn tlnh Be'n Tre Smnmary
The study aims to identify faclors that infiuence college choice decision of high school seniors in Ben Tre province. The results show 6 determinants of their choice, which are College reputation; Opportunities in the future; Individual characteristics of students; Fixed college characteristics; Matriculation opportunities; and Infiuencers. Specifically, Opportunity in the future is the most powerful factor.
Keywords: college choice, high .school, matriculation opporlunities, Ben Tre province
GlCfl THIEU CO S6 LY THUYET VA PHL/ONG PHAP NGHIEN CL/U
Hang nam, vao mdi ley thi THPT
qud'c gia, ede thi smh trong khap ca nffdc Cdsdly thuye't
lai phai vat va dn luydn, chuan bi eho ky Trong nghien cffu eua David W. Chapman (1981), thi vd eung quan trong de bat dau mdi lae gia da de xual md hinh tdng quat ve viee lffa chpn sff lffa ehgn mdi trong eupe ddi minh. trffdng dai hoe eua hpe sinh. Theo ke'l qu^ nghidn effu, Sau ky thi nay, cac em se ed nhffng dinh ed 2 nhdm nhan td' cd nhieu tac dgng dd'n viee chpn hffdng cho tffdng lai, cd em se dang ky trffdng cua hoe sinh. Nhdm thff nha't la dac die'm eua xel tuydn vao cac Irffdng dai hpc, cung gia dinh va ca nhan cua hgc sinh dd. Nhdm thff hai la cd em se di hpc nghe hoae la se di lam eae nhan id' iff ben ngoai anh hffdng de'n hgc sinh do, phu giup gia dinh... Ridng dd'i vdi nhffng nhff: danh tieng cua trffdng dai hpe, nd Iffc giao tid'p em quye't dinh dang ky xet tuyen vao dai ciia trffdng dd'i vdi hpc sinh...
hoc, thi nghe cd ve kha dd dang, nhffng Nghidn effu cua Cabera va La Nasa (dffpc trich bdi Ihffc Id' viec ehgn trffdng, chon nganh Marvin J. Burns, 2006) nhan manh rSng, nhffng mong khdng hd dpn gian. Chinh vi vay, vide dpi ve cdng vide trong Iffdng lai cua hpc sinh eung la thffc hidn nghidn cffu nham tim ra nhffng mpt nhdm nhan td'quan trong tae ddng de'n quyd't dinh xu hffdng, nhffng nhan to' lae ddng dd'n lffa ehgn trffdng dai hoe cua hgc sinh. Karl Wagner va viec lffa chgn trffdng dai hgc eua hpc Yousefi Fard (2009) dl cap dd'n 3 md hinh lffa ehgn sinh la can thie't. trffdng dai hpc. cao dang, gdm: md hinh kinh te', md 'TS., Tru-dng Dai hoc Kinh x€ TP. Hd Chi Minh
"Cue Thdng ke tinh Ben Tre
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 28/10/2019; Ngdy phdn biin: 16/11/2019; Ngdy duyel ddng. 22/11/2019
45
HIMH: MO HINH NGHIEM Ctili
"I*;!"*
Dac diem canhan cua
Dnnh iicne cua rnning
trutog dai hoc
No luc giao nep cua trirong d^i lioc Cac cohg. Long
hinh xa hdi va md hinh ke'l hdp. Theo dd, cae nhan to' quan trong tac ddng dd'n viec chon irffdng dai hge cua hpc sinh tai Malaysia dd la: chi phi hpe lap, gia tri bang eS'p, cae nhan to' tff nhffng ngffdi cd anh hffdng xung quanh va mdt sd' dac di^m cua trffdng dai hgc.
Theo Joseph Sia Kee Ming (2010), cac dac diem cd' dinh cua Irffdng dai hge, nhff: cd s5 vat cha'l, danh dd'ng, hge phf... va eae nhan id' ve cac nd Iffe giao tid'p eua nha trffdng vdi hpc sinh la nhffng nhan id quan trpng tae ddng dd'n vide ehgn irffdng dai hge eua hge sinh.
Theo Nguyen Phffdng Toan (2011), 5 nhdm nhan td' tac ddng quan trong de'n viee chgn trffdng dai hpe, bao gdm: mffc dp da dang va ha'p dan cua nganh dao tao, dac did'm cua trffdng dao tao, dap ffng sff mong dpi sau khi ra trffdng, nd Iffe giao lid'p cua trffdng dai hpc dd'i vdi hpc sinh va nhan id'dang tie'ng eua trffdng dai hpc.
Nghidn cffu cua Tran Van Quy, Cao Hao Thi (2009) cho th§'y, cd 5 nhan id' lac ddng de'n viee chgn trffdng dai hgc. Cu Ihd' la: Cd hdi vide lam trong tffdng lai;
Dac did'm cua Irffdng dai hpc; Dac did'm cua ban than hge sinh; Ngffdi cd anh hffdng de'n ban than hgc sinh;
va nhan td' Thdng tin cd sSn se la nhffng nhan td' tac ddng dd'n viec lffa chpn irffdng dai hge cua hgc sinh.
Theo Doan Cao Thanh Long (2015), 6 nhan id tac ddng de'n vide chpn irffdng dai hgc eua hpc smh trung hpe phd' thdng trdn dia ban TP. Ho Chi Minh, bao gdm: Suy nghi cua ban than hpe sinh; Cd hpi viee lam trong Iffdng lai; Nd Iffc giao tie'p vdi hpe sinh; Chat Iffpng dao lao cua trffdng dai hpc; Cd hpi triing tuyd'n va nhan id'Ngffdi than cd anh hffdng.
Md hinh nghien cdu de xud't
Dffa vao cae nghidn cffu trffdc, ke'l hpp vdi nghien cffu dinh dnh de xuat md hinb cac nhan Id' lac ddng de'n vide chgn irffdng dai hoe cua hpc sinh ldp 12 THPT trdn dia ban tmh Be'n Tre nhff Hinh.
Tff md hinh, nhdm tac gia de xual cac gia thuye't nghidn cffu, nhff sau;
HI: Nhan to ve Ca nhan ed anh hffdng se tac ddng thuan chieu de'n vide chon trffdng dai hpc cua hpc sinh Idp'l2.
46
,, ca nhan cua .hilu den vigc
;ioe sinh do.
cu'd trffdng LHI den vide ,, smh ldp 12.
d dinh cua H2: Nir-
hgc sinh seta., chon trffdng dai 1.
fi3- Nhan td D. . dai hoc setae ddng il-.
chonirffdngdaihgccLij H4- Nhan to Dac di^
irffdng dai hpc se lac ddng rhuSn chieu de'n viec chpn trffdng dai hoc cua hpc sinh ldp 12.
H5- Nhan td Cd hoi trung luyen se tae ddng thuan chieu den viee chgn trffdng dai hoc ciia hoc sinh ldp i 2. ^ H6: Nhan id Nd Iffc giao lidp ciia trffdng dai hoc ddi vdi hpc sinh se tae dpng thuan chieu den viec ehpn trffdng dai hoc cua hoc sinh ldp 12.
H7; Nhan td Cac cd hdi trong tffdng lai se tac ddng thuSn chieu dd'n viec chpn trffdng dai hgc cua hpe sinh ldp 12.
Phuong phdp nghien cffu Nghien cffu sff dung phffdng phap dinh dnh va dinh Iffdng. Nghien cffu dinh tinh dffa trdn y kie'n cua cac chuyen gia de' dieu chinh cac bie'n quan sat va xac dinh md'i quan he giffa cac bie'n trong md hinh. Nghidn cffu dinh Iffdng dffdc thffe hien thdng qua bang hoi vdi eac bie'n quan sat dffdc do bang thang do Likert 5 diem (1: hoan loan khdng ddng y dd'n 5: hoan toan ddng y). Nhdm tac gia da tie'n hanh khao sat 300 hpc sinh vffa trai qua ky thi THPT Qudc gia nam hpe 2017-2018. Cac mau dffdc lay tai motsd' trffdng dai hpc co nhieu sinh vidn nam nha't trong nam hoc 2018-2019 dang theo hoc va cac hoc sinh nay cd hp khS'u thffdng irii tai dnh Be'n Tre.
Thdi gian thu thap so lieu dffdc tien hanh Iff ngay li-30/09/2018. MSu dffde ehpn theo phffdng phap thuan tien Cde dff^heu sau khi thu thap dffdc lam saeh va kiem dmh do dn cay thang do Cronbach's Alpha, phan tich nhan tdkham pha (EFA)
Phdn tich dQ tin 043.
Ket qua ki«m dinh thano fc c,,,,,,, , , Alphacliothay.a^cacac a j ^ ^ ^ ^ than), phan nglnen c ( ( „ a . f ' ™ cac can datra cia ky ,huat nay b t ' S ' ^ y s "
t r i C r o n b a c h ' s A l p h a „ ' a m ™ 8 r g « 0,7-0,8. Co the, o a , r t c „ 2 W ttf cua cac thanh phan- CT nt- P"^
"Mn CO anh Kmh te v j
f»b!u.
hffdng (0,702); Dac diem ca nhan cua hge sinh (0,825); Danh tid'ng \nSbng dai hgc (0,881); Dae diem cd' dinh cua trffdng dai hgc (0,775); Cd hgi irung myd'n (0,712);
Nd life giao dd'p vdi hpc sinh (0,875); Cd hdi ffong Iffdng lai (0,855). Sau khi kiem tra dp tin cay cffa cae thang do, thffe hidn bffdc tie'p theo la phan tieh EFA. Phffdng phap rut trich dffde ehon dd' phan tieh nhan td la phffdng phap Principal Components vdi phep xoay Varimax. Sau bffdc phan tieh E F A lan dau va lan hai, mdt sd bid'n bi loai do eae nguydn nhan nhff he sd tai nhan to nhd hdn 0,5, bid'n khdng hpi lu vao mdt nhan to', ma tach ra trdn 2 nhan to, khoang ehenh lech giffa hai hd so' tai nhd hdn 0,3.
Phdn tich EFA
Ke't qua phan tich EFA lan cud'i (Bang 1) cho ihS'y, kiem dinh KMO va Bartlett's Test irong phan lich nhan td cho tha'y he sd KMO = 0,893 (Idn hdn 0,5 va nhd hdn 1) va P-value trong kid'm dinh Bartlett's Tesl nhd hdn 0,01. Nhff vay, cd the kd't luan rang, phan tieh EFA ra't thieh hdp. Dffa tren ke'l qua phan tich cua bang Total Variance Explained ta thay, tai cac mffc gia tri Eigenvalues ldn hdn 1 va vdi phffdng phap rut inch Principal Components va phep xoay Varimax, phan tich nhan td' da trich dffde 7 nhan Id'. Cu th^, cac bie'n quan sal dffdc phan thanh 7 nhdm va dat ldn: Ca nhan cd anh hffdng (AH); Dac did'm ca nhan cua hpc sinh (DDCN); Danh deng trffdng dai hpe (DT); Dac diem ed dinh cua irffdng dai hpc (DDCD); Cd hdi trung luye'n (TT);
Nd Iffc giao tie'p vdi hpc sinh (GT); Cd hdi Irong tffdng lai (CH).
Khi phan tich nhan to'dd'i vdi bid'n phu thugc Quye't dinh lffa ehgn trffdng dai hpc cho tha'y, hd sd KMO dai dffpc 0,813 vdi tdng phffdng sai trich 54,266%, la'l ea cac bie'n quan sat deu cd he so' tai nhan Id' >
0,5 va gom thanh mgt nhdm. Bie'n phu thude thich hpp de phan lich hdi quy.
Phdn tich hdi quy
Trong phan lieh hdi quy Ian dau ta thay, nhan Id' Nd Iffe giao tie^p vdi hgc sinh ed gid tri Sig. = 0,265 > 0,05, nen khdng cd y nghTa giai thieh trong md hinh, ta bd bid'n nay ra. Kd'l qua hdi quy lan cud'i cho tha'y, he sd' R-hieu ehinh bang 0,509, nghia la 6 bid'n dde lap giai thieh dffdc 50,9% bid'n ihidn cua bid'n phu thude. Trong bang ANOVA ta cd Sig.= ,000 < 0,05, dieu nay cho tha'y, md hinh phu hdp vdi tdng the'. Theo Bang 2,
BAMG 1: KET QUA PHAN TICH EFA LAM CUOI Bi^'n quan sat
GTI GT^
GT3 GT4 GTS GT6 DTI DT7.
DT:?
DDCD? nT4 CHI CH2 CH^
CH4 DDCNl DDCN?
DDCN^
nnrn^
DDCD6 DDCD7 DDCnR TTI TT2 TT3 TT4 AHI AH2 AH3 AH4
1 691 798 563 745 787 817
?•
mf>
IM 79?
-]•>!
SQA
^
77^
Sin M'!
69^
4
8^8 816 77.6
5
647 .722 .710 .664
fi
.645 759 ft93 .762
.671 843 .755 .545
cac he sd Sig. cua cae bien deu < 0,05, ndn 6 bien ddu ed y nghTa trong md hinh hdi quy.
Phffdng trinh hoi quy ed dang nhff sau:
QD = 0.153DT + 0.319CH + 0.I40DDCN + 0,183DDCD + 0,121TT+0,152AH
Cae hd so hdi quy cd y nghTa va deu mang dau dffdng (+), the' hidn cac nhan td trong md hinh hdi quy ed quan he ty Id thuan vdi nhdn td' Quye't dinh chpn irffdng dai hgc. Khdng thd' bac bd eac gia thuyd't dat ra eho md hinh. He so' hdi quy rieng cua tffng bie'n ddc lap cho tha'y mffc dd tac dpng manh hay yd'u de'n bid'n phu thudc, he sd' cang ldn cang tae dgng manh dd'n bie'n phu thude Trong cac nhan td' ihi Cd hdi viec lam trong iffdng lai tae ddng manh nha't dd'n quyd'i dmh chpn trffdng dai hge va nhan to' Cd hdi trung tuyen tac dpng ye'u nha't.
KET LUAN VA HAM Y CHINH SACH Ke't qua nghidn cffu eho tha'y cd 6 nhSn to'Uic ddng dd'n viec ehpn trffdng dai hpc cua hge sinh Idp 12 THPT tren dia ban tinh Bd'n Tre, gdm: Danh tie'ng trffdng dai hpe; Cd hdi trong tffdng lai; Dac diem ca nhan cua hpc sinh; Dac diem cd' dinh cua trffdng dai hgc; Cd hpi trung tuyen; va Ca nhan cd anh hffdng. Trong do, nhan to' Cd hdi trong tffdng lai anh hffdng manh nha'l, cdn nhan tdCd hdi triing tuyen cd tae ddng it nhat dd'n vide chon trffdng eua cae hgc sinh.
Dffa trdn ke't qua nghidn cffu, tac gia cd mpt so' de xua'l, khuye'n nghi nhff sau:
- Sd Giao due va Dao lao dnh Be'n Tre can ra soal, thd'ng kd sd Iffdng sinh vidn td't nghiep eua tffng trffdng
47
BANG 2; THAM SO TflMG BIEN TRONG MO HINH Hdi QaY Thdng sd'tijlng big'n
trong m6 hinh hoi QUV mnP <;o' DT CH DDCN DDCD TT AH
H^se^ chifa chu^n hoa
B .101 .127 .285 .177 .195 .137 ,143
Dp l^ch chu^n
.''37 .047 .050 .044 .050 .048 ,039
chu^n hoa Beta
.140 .152
GiS trit
3.647 Gia
tri S\9.
non
Da cSnf tuvf'n D$
.942 VIF
1,061
dm dffdc vide lam phu hdp sau khi ra trffdng, d^ ede em hoc smh cd cd sd xem xet quye't dinh chon trffdng dai hge.
- Sd Giao due va Dao tao linh Be'n Tre can lang cffdng de'p xuc vdi phu huynh hge sinh, hffdng ddn va gidi thidu eac Irffdng dai hpc ed uy lin, chat Iffdng de phu huynh ed tdc ddng dd'n cac em.
- Cac giao vidn, dae bidl la gido vidn ehu nhiem can tim hieu nam bat thdng tin ve did'm ehuan, chffdng trinh hpc, ed hpi viec lam cua ede irffdng thdng qua ede cffu hpc sinh de lam cd sd giup dd cae em hoc sinh ldp 12 hang nam.
- Cdc trffdng phd' thdng nen mdi cdc cffu sinh vidn tffng theo hge lai trffdng va dang cd nhieu thanh tffu trong hien tai di hffdng nghidp cho hpc sinh. Khdng gi thuyd't phuc cu thd' va manh me bang ngffdi that, vide thai. DSy se la edng eu quan trpng tae ddng viec chpn trffdng cua cae em.
- Cdc trffdng dai hgc can tlm dan chffng ve cdc gffdng thanh cdng tffng theo hpc lai irffdng va hidn lai dang la nhffng ngffdi thanh cdng irong xa hdi. Qua dd, giup cae em tin Iffdng, an tam khi lffa ehpn irffdng.
- Cac irffdng dai hgc can xay dffng hen ke't dao tao eac chffdng trinh hpc cao hdn de ddp ffng nhu cau hpe len eao hdn cua cac sinh vien.
an x8y ms ng, xSy 'lu'li :6 tam va c6 Cic em hoc -n thu'c tfifclc , dd. Ttf M.
•ai trttdng.
'i chiic cac JI cac phta - Ca^
hinh anh tic dpi ngu giang . uy tin trong gift ••
sinh se tha'y an tan.
truyen dat ttt nhffng u se quye't dinh chpn theo .
- Cac tnlSng dai hpc tai budi tit van httdng nghiep dt huynh song song vdi viSc lit van cac em hpc sinh. Stt tac dpng ctia gta dtnh, ngttdi than cung co y nghia quan trpng trpng quyet dinh chpn ttitdng cua cac em.
^ Trttdng can cam ke't va md rpng che dp hPC bong, cung nhiTmiSn giarahpc ph!
dS'n ra6t so dffi tUpng ngoai cac doi ttrpng thep quy dinh hien hanh. Hpc bong cang cao cang kich thich cac em pha'n da'u, chinh sach miSn giam cang nhieu cang giam bdt ap lite tai chinh cho cac em va gia dinh cac em. Ttt dd, se tac dpng den viec lita chpn trttdng dai hpc ctia cac em.
- fang sd ii/dng Uiyen sinh ddi vdi nhii'ng nganh. ma xa hpi dang c^n. Tru'dng nao vdi sd lUPng tuyen sinh nhieu hdn cac uitdng khac ddi vdi nhii'ng nganh dang c6 nhu cau xa hpi cao, thi kha nang cac em lita chpn dang ky vao tittdng dd se cao hdn.
- TrUdng can thttdng xuyen thttc hi6n cac khao sat nham xac dtnh cac nhan td tac ddng den hpc sinh ttfng tinh de co nhffng dinh htfdng phii hdp vdi dac diem ca nhan cua hpc sinh nidi tinh. Tijf dd, cd cac boat dpng htfdng nghiep phti hdp va mang lai hieu qua mong mudn.•
TAI LIEUTHAM KHAO _
1. Doan Cao Thanh Long (2015). Cdc nhdn to tdc dong ten quyet dinh chon Iruitng dai hoc cua hoc .sinh trung hoc pho thong tai TP. Ho ChiMinh, Luan van thac sy kinhte, Tnfdng Dai hoc Kinh
teTP. Hd ChilVlinh ' 2.NgayenPhMngToan(20ll}.Khdosdtcdcnhdntotdcdongdenviecchontn^gcmhoc •' I I'
12 trung hoc pho thong tren dia ban tlnh Tien Giang, Luan van thac sT, Dai hpc Qudc gja Ha Nfii 3. Tran Van Quy, Cao Hap J h i (2009). Cac nhan td anh hffdng den quye't dinh chon trffd hQccuahocs'm\itrui\ghocph6 thong. Tap chi Phattrien Ichoa hoc & cdng ngiie, 50 is S7 i(v> ^*
4. Borchert M (2002). Career choice factors of high school students. University of W' 5.DavidW Chapman(1981). AmpdelofstudentcoUegechoice,7owi7ia/o^^;„fj^^P ,
6. Joseph Sia Kee Ming (2010). /nstitutional Factors Influencing Smdents' College ChoTc"°n' ''^' in Malaysia: A Conceptual Framework, Intemational Journal of Business and Social Science^] .^f'"^^'*^"
7. Karl Wagner and Yousefi Fard (2009). Factors Influencing Malaysian Sludents' I Study at a Higher Educational Institution, E-Leader Kuala Lumpur ^tention to
8. Marvin J. Burns (2006). Factors influencing the college choice of african-aineric admitted to the college of agriculture, food and natural resources, A Thesis ptesented ton? '""*''"•' of the Graduate School, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA "^ Faculty
9. Ruth E. Kallio (1995). Factors influencing the cpllege choice decisions of graduat
Research in Higher Education, 36(1) students,
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