122 II TRITCTNG DAI HOC THU P O J ^ O ^
BLENDED LEARNING VA KHA NANG AP DUNG TAI TRlTdNG DAI HOC HUNG VU^ONG
Vu T h i Thu Minh Tru&ng Dai hpc Hung Vuang
Tdm tdt: Blended learning la su kit hpp cd E-Learning vd hinh thirc ddo tgo truyin thong nhdm dot hiiu qua cao nhdt. Mo hinh ddo lao kit hcrp ndy co mot so npi dung gidng day true dip Uen l&p vd mpt so duoc day qua he thong E-Learning lam cho ngu&i hpc cdm thdy hung thu han, tiip thu dupe nhiiu lpi ich hem nh& viec Idn dung tdt cd uu diim cda hinh thuc ddo tgo truyin thdng vd E-Learning. O tru&ng Dgi hpc Hiing Vuang v&i dieu kiin ca s& vat chat, nhdn luc van hdnh hi thdng, ddc thii sinh viin ciia tru&ng Ihi Blended Learning Id mpt lua chpn hpp li.
Tir khda: E-Leaming. Blended leaming, gidng vien, sinh vien. cdch mgng cong nghiep 4.0.
Nhan bai ngay 12.02.2020; gdi phan bien, chinh sua va duyet dang ngay 25.02.2020 Lien he tac gia: Vu Thi Thu Minh; Email: [email protected]
1. D A T V A N D £
Cudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 khien giao dye dai bgc dat trudc nhieu thach thuc rat Idn. Trong do, su xuat hien cua cac cdng nghe mdi da lam thay ddi nen tang san xuat va dat ra nhiing yeu cau mdi ve nang lyc nhan sy. Td dd ddi hdi cac trudng dai hpc phai thay ddi chuong frinh dao tao de dap ung dugc yeu cau cua nen cdng nghiep 4.0. Va ddi mdi phuong phap giang day trd thanh mdt yeu cau tit yeu frong xu the dd. Ddi mdi nham budng den myc tieu dao tao mpt con ngudi toan dien, mpt cdng dan toan cau vdi nhiing ky nang ty bpc sudt ddi, ky nang lam viec frong mdi tmdng hgp tac.
Cung vdi sy phat triln manh me cua cdng nghe thdng tin va tmyen thdngE- Leaming da frd thanh mdt xu t h i bpc tap mdi d Viet Nam, mdi tmdng hpc tap E- Leaming tao ra co hdi cho hpc vien khi tham gia cac khda bgc dugc tu do lya chpn thdi gian, frinh do va dia dilm thich hgp de bpc tap. He thdng E-Leaming phan phdi cac ndi dung hgc thdng qua cac cdng cu dien td hien dai nhu may tinh, mang Intemet, Intranet,... trong dd, ndi dung bgc dugc thi hien dudi nhilu hinh thuc da dang va phong phu nbu text, audio, video, md phdng. Ngoai ra, khdng cbi cd ngucd day va ngudi bpc ma tit ca cac hpc vien tham gia dao tao qua E-Leaming deu cd the de dang giao tilp vdi nhau qua be thdng mang may tinh dudi cac hinh thuc nbu: email, thao luan tryc tuyln
" W CHI KHOA HQC - S6 37/2020 (chat), diln dan (forum), bdi thao video...
Tmdng Dai hpc Himg Vuong nam trong he thdng giao dye dai hgc Viet Nam cung khdngnim ngoai xu the ddi mdi nay. Vdi co sd vat chat, ngudn lyc hien cd thi viec dua E-leaming vao ap dung tai tmdng la dieu khdng the thieu. Tuy nhien khdng tbi ngay lap tuc su dung E-leaming hoan toan ma viec sd dung cdng nghe ket hop vdi phuang thuc day hpc tmyen thdng se la su lua chpn tdt nhat ddi vdi nha trudng. Viec ket hgp nay dugc bilt din vdi ten gpi Blended Leaming.
2. NOI DUNG 2.1. Blended learning 2.1.1. Khdi niem
Blended learrung la viec su dung cac phuang phap giang day frong ldp hpc tmyen thdng ciing vdi viec su dyng hgc tap tryc tuyen cho cung mdt ddi tugng sinh vien cimg mpt ndi dung trong cung mdt khda hpc [1].
Blended Leaming xet ve ban chat cua nd se dugc hieu la md hinh hgc tap ket hgp, qua dd viec hgc tren ldp va viec hpc tryc tuyen dugc tien hanh trong sy ket hgp va bd trg cho nhau. Vdi Blended Leaming, sinh vien van nhan dugc sy hudng din fren ldp tu giang vien va tham gia cac boat dpng tren ldp tmyen thdng khac. Them vao do, viec hpc se dugc bd sung cac tai lieu hpc tip online (bao gdm e-book, hudng din hpc, bai giang dien hr,...) va cac hoat ddng hpc tap online mang tinh ty dinh hudng nham nang cao tinh than ty hpc cua sinh vien.
2.1.2. Mo hinh cua Blended learning
Giang vien dua vao dac thu mdn hgc va sinh vien de lya chpn mpt frong sau md hinh hpc tap ket hgp (Blended Learning) nhu sau [2]:
- Md hinh blended face - to - face (hudng dan tryc dien tren ldp va ket hgp cac phuong tien dien tu cd ket ndi Intemet): md hinh nay dya fren md binh ldp hpc tmyen thdng. Thdi lugng hpc true tiep vdi giang vien la bat bupc ddi vdi md hinh nay va cac boat ddng hgc tryc tuyln dugc su dung dl bd trg kiln thuc cho ngudi hpc. Dgc tai lieu, lam bai tap fric nghiem va cac bai tap danh gia khac deu dugc hoan thanh online, d nha.
Md hinh cho phep sinh vien va giang vien cd nhieu thdi gian de chia se kien thuc, kT nang ciing nhu danh cho cac boat ddng hpc tap dac biet nbu thao luan va lam viec nhdm. Md hinh nay ciing dac biet phu hgp vdi nhdng ldp bpc da dang, sinh vien cd su phan khiic khac nhau ve kha nang nhan thuc.
- Md hinh rotation (rad hinh quay vdng/luan phien): Thdi gian bilu dugc thiet lap de cac hpc sinh, sinh vien vua cd thdi gian hgc tap tryc tuyen (thdng qua cac thiet bi dien tu trong ldp bpc) va hpc tryc tilp vdi giao vien. Phuong phap nay bao gdm ba md hinh hpc tap nhd: station rotation (hoan ddi tram), lab rotation (hoan ddi ldp hpc), individual rotation (quay vdng ca nhan).
+ Station rotation (hoan ddi fram): yeu clu sinh vien hoan doi cac tram (tram la cac nhdm nhd hpc tap dugc giao vien chia theo muc dich tim hieu cac phan nhd frong bai
124 II TRirqNG DAI HOC THU j [ ^ H ^ O ' hgc) frong thdi gian quy dinli theo hudng din cua giao vien.
+ Lab rotation (hoan ddi ldp hpc): yeu clu bpc sinh, sinh vien phai tliay ddi dia diem hgc tap xoay quanh khudn vien tmdng.
+ Individual rotation (quay vdng ca nhan): cho phep radt bgc sinli, sinh vien dugc luan phien thay ddi cac hinh thdc hpc tap khac nhau tiieo lich bpc tap. Md hinh nay pbu hgp vdi giao due bac trung hpc co sd, tnmg hgc phd tiidng hon la giao due bac dai bgc.
- Md hinh flex: Md binh nay chu ylu dua fren hudng dan giang day tryc tuyen, cac giang vien khdng chi dua ra nhiing hudng dan ma cdn ddng vai trd la ngudi true tiep hudng dan sinh vien. Toan bp chuong trinh hpc dugc ngudi bpc tmy cap qua cac phan mem hpc tap tryc tuyln. Giang vien phai xay dyng be thdng bai giang online, cac phuong phap danh gia kiem fra true tuyln. Phuong phap nay dac biet pbu hgp vdi cac ddi tugng vua hpc vua lam.
- Md binh lab school: Md hinli cho phep sinh vien dugc tham gia cac ldp bpc tryc tuyen toan tbdi gian trong sudt khda bpc. Cac giang vien se khdng tham gia giang day tryc tiep tren ldp ma thay vao do la cac trg giang da dugc dao tao tham gia giai dap thac mac cho sinh vien fren ldp.
- Md hinh self-blended: cho phep sinh vien dugc tham gia hpc cac mdn hgc khdng nam trong chuong frinh hpc cua hp. Sinh vien van tham gia cac ldp hgc truyen thdng nhung sau do cd the dang ki tham gia hgc cac mdn bpc khac va ty hpc.
- Md binh online driver: Md hinli nay hoan toan frai ngugc vdi rad hinh hpc tap tmyen thdng. Sinh vien hgc tap tu xa va nhan budng dan hgc tap thdng qua nen tang tryc tuyen. Giang vien la ngudi tbiet ke cac bai giang tryc tuyen, cac bai tap, bai danh gia de sinh vien truy cap hgc tap tryc tuyen. Sinh vien dugc giang vien giai dap thac raac qua viec hdi dap tryc tuyen
2.1.3. Lpi ich ciia Blended learning doi v&i gidng vien vd sinh vien - Ddi v&i sinh vien
-I- Blended Leanung tao mdi trudng tich cue va chu ddng ban trong hgc tap thdng qua viec tuong tac: sinh vien - sinh vien de hgc hdi lan nhau, sinh vien - giang vien qua viec hudng dan cua giang vien d ca tren ldp va qua mang [2].
+ Gid hgc ly thuylt sinh ddng hon nhd cac hieu ung hinh anh, am thanh, dd hoa, md phdng,... fren may tinh. Ngoai ra, ky nang xa hpi cua sinh vien ciing dugc nang cao dang kl do tinh tuong tac cao giua cac thanh vien trong ldp. Day la mdt yeu td kich tbicb sy bung tiiu, nang cao ddng co bgc tap, ddng thdi tang kha nang hgp tac va lam viec cua sinh vien [3].
+ Sinh vien cd mdi tmdng hpc tap thoai mai, tien lgi hon. Hpc d tmdng, hpc d nha, quan cafe, hpc d cac dia dilm cdng cdng cd thilt bi kit ndi Intemet.
+ Blended leaming dem lai cho sinh vien nhirng ky nang mem nbu: tu tim kilm thdng tm, tuong tac va chit loc tiidng tin dl cd nhiing ngudn kien thuc tin cay nhit trang
' ' T B CHI KHOA HOC - s6 37/2020
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bi cho ban than. Day ciing la dieu ma nha tmdng, kboa chuyen mdn can trang bi cho sinh vien cua minh frudc khi dua sinh vien hda nhap vdi mdi tmdng lao dpng diy canh tranh va nang ddng [2].
- Bdi vdi gidng vien
+ Blended leaming giup giang vien sang tao bon, chu ddng ban frong qua trinh giang day. Giang vien phai tbiet ke giao an dua fren nhu cau hgc tap cua sinh vien gdm:
phong each, sd thich va kha nang hpc tap. Do vay, nhirng chuong frinh giang day se la nhirng san pham hgc tap tdt rihat phuc vu cho nhu cau hpc tap cua mdi sinh vien.
+ Ap dung Blended leaming cho phep giang vien tich hgp dugc nhieu cdng cy tmyen dat thdng tin nhu: bai giang PowerPoint, text, video sinh ddng,... cho nhiing ndi dung don thuan can tmyen dat, giup giang vien cd nhieu thdi gian tap trung hon vao cac ndi dung mang tinh ggi md, pbat trien cac ky nang thuyet trinh, lam viec nhdm cua sinh vien thdng qua cac boat ddng fren ldp,... [2], [3].
+ Giang vien dai hpc ngoai yeu cau dung ldp cdn cd ap lyc rat Idn la danh tbdi gian cho nghien cuu khoa hpc, tham gia hpi thao, tu van nghe nghiep,... Do do. Blended leaming giai quyet mau thuan tbdi gian dung Idp va nghien cuu khoa bgc cua cac giang vien dai hpc.
2.2. Kha nang ap dung Blended learning tai trirdng Dai hpc Hung Vu-ong 2.2.L Cas& vat chdt
Ddi vdi Blended leaming, phuang thuc hpc tap tmyen thdng tren ldp vin can dugc dam bao. Tuy nhien, viec trien khai cac hoat ddng fren ldp theo md hinh nay ddi hdi cac ldp hpc hien dai hon (cd thiet bi dien tu ket ndi Intemet) de sinh vien tham gia cac boat ddng tu tim hieu fren ldp theo sy sap xep cua giang vien. Bang viec lay ngudi hpc lam tmng tam. Blended leaming doi hdi sinh vien ngoai viec tim hieu bai tmdc d nha, y thuc chu dpng khai thac ngudn thdng tin va tai lieu fren Idp la bet sue quan frpng. Dieu nay hoan toan cd thi dap dng tai Tmdng Dai bgc Himg Vuong kbi hien nay tai co sd 1 Viet Tri frudng cd 4 phdng may tinh cd diy du mang Intemet, headphone, may chieu; 1 phdng Tin bpc chuyen nganh tdc dp cao cd day du trang thiet bi hien dai. Va phong ghi hinh hien dai cua nha tmdng:
Phdng mdy tinh Phdng ghi hinh
tRU"dNGDAIHOC T H U ^ ^ H A N . 0 I
2.2.2. Dpi ngQ
De van banh va triln khai dugc he thdng Blended leaming rit cin tdi dpi ngii giang vien, dpi ngii bd frg. Tmdng dai hpc Himg Vuong cd dpi ngii can bd, giang vien, ky thuat vien thanh thao cdng nghe tiidng tin. Kit nhilu cac giang vien frong tmdng da dugc tiep can vdi be thdng E-Leaming cdng nhu da timg thilt k l bai giang, thu binh bai giang de gui tdi suih vien trong qua trinh ty bpc. Tuy nhien cac boat ddng nay cdn mang tinh ca nhan chua dugc thyc hien tap tnmg cd he thing.
Vdi CO sd vat chat va dpi ngii hien nay, Tmdng dai hpc Himg Vucmg cd day du dilu kien de thyc hien giang day theo hinh thuc B-Leaming vdi muc dich nang cao chat lugng dao tao va sy hai Idng cua sinh vien ddi vdi chuong frinh day hpc.
2.2.3. Sinh vien
Danh gia mat bang chung cua sinh vien Dai hpc Hung Vuong ve tinh than tu giac trong viec nghien cuu tai lieu ciing nliu tu hpc cdn chua cao. Nhan thdc cua sinh vien trong mpt ldp hpc phan cung da dang. Do vay viec friln khai hpc tap tryc tuyen hoan toan ddi vdi mdt hgc phan nao dd la chua phu hgp.
Sinh vien can cd sy hudng d i n true tilp cua giang vien ket hgp vdi dd la cac hinh thdc hpc tap online nhu: giao bai tap ve nha, lam cac bai tap trac nghiem ciing nhu nghien cdu tai lieu online,... se la phuong phap phu hgp nhat ddi vdi sinh vien.
3 . K E T L U A N
Cudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 da anh hudng rat Idn tdi nen giao due dac biet la giao due dai hpc. Nd ddi hdi giao due dai hgc can cd nbiing thay ddi ve tu duy dao tao, each thuc frao ddi va tmyen thy kien thuc. Mat khac sy bimg nd cua each mang 4.0 ciing keo theo nhirng yeu cau ve nang lyc nhan su, khdng chi vdi nhirng ngudi cd bang cap ma ca nbiing ngudi la cdng nhan frinh dp thap. Do vay, tmdng dai hpc phai thay ddi chuong trinh dao tao cua minh de dem lai cho sinh vien cac ky nang, kien thuc Ian tu duy sang tao. Va hpc de canh franh chu khdng phai de lay bang cap. Muc tieu cua giao due phai la tao ra lyc lugng lao ddng cd kien thuc, ky nang thich dng cao vdi sy biln ddi nbarih cua xa hdi.
Xu hudng dao tao E-Leaming se la xu hudng tit yeu frong giao due. Va tmdng dai hpc Himg Vuong khdng nam ngoai xu the nay. Vdi co sd vat chit, ngudn luc va trinh dp nhan thuc da dang cua sinh vien thi viec su dung ket hgp day hgc tmyin thdng cung vdi day hpc online se la nbiing budc di diing dan de thyc bien muc tieu dao tao ciia trudng.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. Martha Cleveland-Innes, Dan Wilton (2018), Guide to Blended learning, - Athabasca University, p.2.
2. Dam Quang Vinh, Nguyen Thj Hai Yin (2017), "Xu hudng ap dung md hinli Blended leaming frong dao tao dai hpc va kha nang trien khai tai tmdng Dai hpc Kinh te qudc dan", Ky yiu Hpi thdo khoa hpc qudc gia 'Ddo tao true tuyin trong thdi ky cdch mgng cong
TAP CHi KHOA HQC - S6 37/2020 || 127 nghiep 4.0" - Tmdng Dai hpc Kinh te qudc dan, fr.25.
3. Trin Huy Hoang, Nguyln Kim Dao (2014), "Td chuc hoat ddng day hpc dieo B-leaming dap ling yeu cau ddi mdi can ban, toan dien giao due va dao tao sau 2015", - Tgp chi Tru&ng Dgi hpc Vdn Hiin, sd 05, (11/2014).
BLENDED LEARNING AND ITS APPLICABILITY AT HUNG VUONG UNIVERSITY
Abstract: Blended learning is a combination of both E-Learning and traditional forms of training to achieve the highest efficiency. This combined training model has taught a number of content directly at the classroom and some through E-Learning system to make learners feel more excited, to gain more benefits by taking advantage pf all advantages of traditional training and E-Learning. At Hung Vuong University, with the facilities and human resources for operating the system and characteristics of students. Blended Learning is a reasonable choice.
Keywords:E-Learning. Blended learning, lecturers, students, industrial revolution 4.0
