•:• NGHI£N COU QU6C T^ •
VIEC A P DUNG CAC NGUYEN TAC c d BAN CUA P H A P LUAT QUOC T E T R O N G
v u KIEN PHILIPPINE - TRUNG QUOC vA BAI HOC KINH NGHIEM CHO VIET NAM
DAOTHITHUHLfCiNG'*' Tom tilt: Cac nguyen tic CO ban cua pbap lu$t quoc le c6 vai tro rA't quan trgng trong viec giai quyet cac tranh chUp quoc te ndi chung va giai quye't cac tranh chap ve quoc to vc bien. dao ndi neng.
Tren co sd nghien cUu quA trinh giai quyet v-y ki$n Bie'n Dong giaa Philippine va Trung Quoc dUdi goc do cac nguyen tic ca ban cua pbap lu$t qudc te. bai viit dUa ra danh gia ve vi$c ton trgng, tuan thi phap lu$t quoh to cia cac chu the lien quan \ .1 bAi hoc kinb nghiem cho Viet Nam trong viec giai quyet cac tranh chap tai Bien Dong.
TCf khoa: Vu ki^n Philippine-Trung Qu6c: nguyen tic cO ban cua phap luSt quoc te.
Abstract: The basic principles of international law play a very important role in the settlement of international disputes in general and the settlement of international disputes over maritime fcrritories and islands in particular. Through studying the dispute settlement process between the Philippines and China in Arbitral Tribunal in light of basic principles of international law, the article jis.-.e.ssed t^t.-ikeholders' respect for international law and lessons for Vietnam in resolving disputes in the East Sc.-i.
Keywords: Dispute between the Philippines and China; basic principles of international law.
.V^M>- nhAn bai. 2S/12/2019: Ng.)y sUn bai: 02/01/2020; Ngay duyet dAng bai: 27/02/2020.
Md dau hfldng rdng ldn doi vdi hanh vi xti sfl ciia Cac nguyen tfie ed ban cua phap lufit cfic chu the luat qud'c te khi tham gia vfio qudc te (PLQT) lfi nhflng tfl tudng cbinb eac quan he qud'c te. Cac nguyen tfic cd ban tri. phfip ly mang tinh chi dao, nen tang, cua PLQT lfi cd sd de duy tri trat tfl phap bao trum va cd gia tri bat budc chung (Jus ly qud'c te, kim chi nam eho viec giai quyet cogens) ddi vdi moi ehu the ciia luat quoc te cae tranh chfi'p quoc te trong do cd viec giai ap dung trong mpi dieu kien, hoan canh, quyet cfic tranh cha'p ve quoc te' ve bien, linh vflc ciia quan he qudc te"'. Cae nguyen dao, gdp p b ^ bao ve bda binh an ninh tac nay dflcfc ghi nhfin rdng rai trong nhieu quoc te. Dac biet, trong vu tranh chfi'p gifla vfin kien phfip ly qudc te song phfldng, da Philippine va Trung Qudc (2013-2016) phudng, khu vflc hofic tofin cau trong dd,
Hien chuang Liin hgp quoc (LHQ) nam
1945. Tuvin bo ngay 24/10/1970 cua Dai ''TS, Khoa Lu&t. Dai hoc QuSc gia Ha \,-„, , . .-• r „ ^ . . . - . - ' _ , ! . ' ' Email: [email protected].
1101 dong LHQ ve cac nguven tac cd ban cua ,,, ,„ , =. ^ i.„ r> ;c u M-
^ '" Khoa Luat, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha N91 (2014) Giao luit qudc ti dflpc coi lfi nbflng vfin kien ^^-^^ cdng phap qudc ts: Nxb Dai hoc Qu6b gia Hk dien hinb cd tinh chat phap ly vfi tam anh Noi. tr.7i.
[ g ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Sti 5-2020
DAO THI THU HUOXCi dfldc giai quyet tai Tda trong tfii - vu kien
Bien Ddng. cae nguyen tae nfiy da dflpc the hien mdt each tfldng ddi tofin dien.
1. Khai q u a t vu t r a n h c h a p Gifla Trung Quoc vfi Philippines trong nhieu nfim da cd nhflng ddi dau cang thang d hai can Scarborough ma hai ben deu tuyen bo' chii quyen. Den thang 6/2012, bang nhieu phfldng each khae nhau, Trung Qude da gianh dflpc quyen ki§m soat tren thflc te vfi tie'p tue eiing cd' sfl kiem scat ddi vdi bai can nfiy. Sau khi mpi nd Iflc dam phan de giai quyet hda binh tranh cha'p bien vdi Trung Qud'c tha't bai, ngfiy 22/1/2013, Philippines dfi nop ban Thdng bao va Tuyen bd khdi kien Trung Qud'c ra trfldc Tda trpng tai dfldc thfinh Ifip theo Phu luc VII UNCLOS (sau day gpi la Tda trpng tfii). Cu the.
Philippines khdi kien Trung Qudc 15 ndi dung, tap trung vao 4 nhdm van de cbinb:
i) ve ngudn lufit quy dinh quyen va nghia vu ciia cac ben tren Bien Ddng va hieu Iflc cua UNCLOS ddi vdi yeu sfich ve quyen lich sd ben trong cfii gpi la "dfldng 9 doan"
ciia Trung Quoc; ii) mdt sd' cau tnic ma ea Trung Qudc va Philippines eung yeu sach dflpc xac dinh chinh xac la dao, dao da, bfii can liic ndi luc chim hay bai chim theo Cdng fldc vfi quy che phfip ly cua cac ca'u tnic nfiy theo Cdng udc quye't dinh vung bien ma nhflng cfi'u true dd cd thd cd dflpc;
iii) mpt so hfinh ddng ciia Trung Qud'c d Bien Ddng ed vi pham Cdng fldc khdng khi can thiep vao viee Philippines thflc thi cfic quyen chu quyen va quyen tfl do phfl hdp vdi Cdng fldc, cung nhfl Trung Qudc da lam tdn hai de'n mdi trfldng bien thdng qua cfic boat dpng danh efi va xay dflng; iv) mdt so'boat dpng do Trung Qud'c tien hfinh, eu thd la viec cai tao da't quy tnd ldn va xay dflng dao nhan tao d Trfldng Sa ke tfl khi vu kien bfit dau deii
sti 5-2020
nay da lam md rdng va lam phflc tap them tranh cha'p'-'.
Tren cd sd tap trung nghien cflu qufi trinh giai quyet vu tranh chfi'p na\ dfldi gdc dp cae nguyen tfic cd ban cua PLQT.
bfii viet se dfla ra dfinh gifi ve viec tdn trpng, tufin thu PLQT cua cfic ehu the lien quan vfi bai hpc kinh nghiem cho \'iet Nam trong \-iec giai quye't eae tranh chfi'p tai Bien Ddng.
2. Nguyen tac cam stf dung via Iflc va de doa sOf dung vu Iflc va giai quyet cac t r a n h chap quoc te bang cac bien p h a p hoa binh
Theo cfic nguyen tac nay, cac quoc gia khdng dupc sfl dung vu Ifle boae de dpa sfl dung vu Iflc nhfl la cfic bien phap giai quyet tranh chfi'p qudc te ndi chung, cfic tranh chfi'p qudc te ve bien, dao ndi rieng;
sfl tdn tai cua mdt tranh chfi'p cung nhfl sfl tha't bai cua mpt thu tue hda binh giai quyet tranh chfi'p se khdng cho phdp viec de dpa hay sd dung vu Iflc ciia bfi't ky qudc gia nfio; ddng thdi, cae ben tranh chap phai cd ngbia vu giai quye't cac mau thuan, xung dot ed lien quan bang cfic bien pbap bda binh, khdng phUPng hai den hda binh, an ninh qud'c te, cdng bfing va cdng ly, phai sdm tim kie'm cac bien phfip hda binh de giai quye't cac tranh cha'p phfit sinh, phai tfl bd ba't ky hfinh vi nao cd the Ifim tram trpng them tinh binh hien tai vfi gay nguy hiem eho viec gifl gin hda binh va an ninh qud'c te*^'.
Vu kien Philippine - Trung Quoc xoay
'-' Arbitral Tribunal under Annex VII UNCLOS (2016). The Republic of Philippines v. The People's Republic of China case. Award of 12/7/2016, http://www.pcacases.eom/web/view/7, doan 7-10 '^' Hien chUdng LHQ vk Tuyen bo nSm 1970 ciia Dai hoi dong ve cac nguyen tflc cd han ciia luftt quoc le' dieu chinh moi quan he hflu nghi h^p tfic gifla cac quoc gia phu hop vfli Hien chUdng LHQ.
NHAN LVt KHOA HOC XA H(l j g
VIEC AP DUNG CAC XGLTEX TAC CO R.AX CUA PHAP LU.AT quanh nhijtng cang thang nd ra thfldng
xuyen trong nhflng nam gan dfiy gifla hai nfldc ve vung Ifinh thd tranh chap tai Bidn Ddng trong dd c6 qufin dao Hoang S.i.
Trfldng Sa va bai ngam Scarborough, cac tfiu chap pbap cua Trung Quoc trong cupc ddi dau cfing thang giiia hai nfldc xua't hien d^u thfing 4 vfi 5/2012. dfi lien tie'p tiep c&n tfiu Philippines vdi toe dp cao vfi cd gfing cfit dfiu cac tfiu nay d khoang cfich gfin, t^o ra nguy cd dam va cao vfi nguy hiem cho tfiu vfi ngudi cua Philippines nham can trd tau Philippines tiep can hoac tien vfio bai Scarborough. Trung Qudc da hi Tda trong tai ket luan la vi pham cfic nghia vu theo Cdng fldc ve Quy dinb Qudc le de ngfin ngfla va cham tren bien 1972 trong viec sU dung cfic tfiu cha'p phap mdt each nguy hiem, gfiy ra nguy cd nghiem trpng ve va cham vdi tfiu Philippines boat dpng xung quanh bfii Scarborough; vi pham nghia vu theo Dieu 94 UNCLOS Uen quan den an tofin bang hai vdi cac bieu hien ciia de dpa sfl dung vu Iflc lam leo thang xung dot. gfiy nguy ed de dpa bda binh an ninh khu \-Uc'''.
Vu cang thang tai bai can Scarborough dfi cho tha'y bat chfi'p sflc ep ve su hien hflu ap dao ve so tUdng tau Trung Qudc cd mfit tai bfii can cung nhu ldi de doa ngam ve trflng phat kinh te. Philippines vfin duy tri cfich phan flng nhfi't quan, dd la kien quvet khdng nhfldng bd trong nhflng tuyen bd ve khang dinh cbii quyen cua minh, mac du van tich cflc tim kiem cac giai phfip ngoai giao nhfim giam bdt cang thang. Sau cac cudc dam phfin do My Um trung gian, Philippines va Trung Qudc dat dflpc mpt thda thuan mieng, hai ben phai nit cfic tau chien khdi khu vflc tranh chap. Viec Philippines tuan thii thda thufin tam thdi dau thfing 6/2012 lfi giai phfip giup gifl the dien cho Trung Quoc vfi ha nhiet cfing thfing vfi la each hfinh xfl khdn kheo, ket
hdp ca nhu ca cUdng. X-udc lai. Trung Qudc khdng gifl cam ket va cac tfiu chien cua Trung Qudc tiep tuc d lai khu vflc. duy tri sfl hien dien xung quanh bai can Scaborough vfi khdng eho ngfl dan Philippines hoat ddng trong khu vflc.
Tuan thu va fip dung dung cac quy dinh cua PLQT, Philippines dfi chu ddng trong viec thflc hien nghia vu giai quyet tranh cha'p bfing bien pbap hda binh, lfla chpn giai phfip phap ly. ddn phfldng dfla tranh chfi'p ra giai quyet tai Tda trpng tfii bfing Tuyen bd khdi kien 22/1/2013 khi ap dung cac bipn pbap chinh tri, ngoai giao giai quyet tranh chap khdng dat dflde ke't qua.
Philippines da da tien hanh nghia vu trao ddi quan di^m eua minh vdi Trung Qud'c lien quan den viec giai quyet cae tranh cha'p theo dling yeu eau cua Dieu 283 UNCLOS ve trao doi ngoai giao nhfim tranh dung dp ddi dau, giam thieu xung dot phfl hpp eac nguyen tac cd ban ciia PLQT, va "nghia vu trao ddi quan diem"
da dUdc hoan thanh'^' nhfl theo ke't lufin cua Tda.
Ke tfl khi Philippines khdi xfldng vu kien, Trung Qudc khdng chfi'p nhfin tham gia vfio qufi trinh giai quye't; ddng thdi vfin tie'p tuc thflc hien nhieu hfinh vi lam tram trpng them va md rpng cac tranh cha'p nhfl: i) can thiep vao cac quyen hang hai cua Philippines trong vung nfldc tai va tiep giap bai Cd May; ngan can viec luan chuyen va tiep te cho Iflc Ifldng ciia Philippines ddn tru bai Cd Mfiy va de dpa de'n sflc khde vfi ddi sdng cua Iflc Ifldng nay; ii) md rdng cac boat ddng cai tao dat quy md ldn va xay dflng cae dao nhan tao tai bay ca'u true d Trudng Sa, trong dd cd
'" Arbitral Tribuna], Award t,{ 12/7/2016, Tldd
"" Arbitral Tribunal. Award of 12/7/2016, Tldd Doan 342,343.
Q N H A N LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi s6s-202a
DAOTHITHU HUOXG v i ^ xay dflng mdt dao nhan tao ldn tai
Vfinb Khfin - mdt cfi'u tnic luc chim luc ndi nfim trong viing dfic quyen kinh te cua Philippine^, gay ra buy hoai lfiu dai, khong the phuc hdi ddi vdi be sinh thai rfing san hp vfi pha huy Uu dfii cfic chflng cfl ve dieu kien tfl nhien cua cac cfi'u true nfiv: iii) tfing cfldng boat ddng tuan tra tren bien'^'... Tfl gdc dp PLQT, co the thfi'y Trung Quoc da vi pham nguyen tfic giai quyet cfic tranh chfi'p bfing bien phfip hda binh, eac nghia vu ciia qud'c gia thfinh vien Cdng fldc trong qua trinh giai quyet tranh chfi'p ve kiem che, Ifim tr^m trpng them vfi k6o dai tranh chfi'p gifla cfic ben trong khi chd qua trinh xet xii'^. Ben canh dd, mac dii vu ddi d^u kich tinh gifla tau hai quan ciia Philippines vfi tfiu hai qufin vfi chfi'p phap cua Trung Quoc d bai Cd May lien quan den cae boat dpng quan sfl nfim ngoai cd cbe giai quyet tranh chfi'p bfit budc theo UNCLOS, nhflng cd the thfi'y hfinh vi hung hfing vdi mue dieh de dpa nfiy ciia Trung Quoc dflpc dien ra trong bdi canh Philippines chuan hi nop hd sd thuyet trinh lap lufin bae bd dfldng Ifldi bd phi ly vfio ngfiy 30/3/2014 dfi lam tram trpng them tranh chfi'p, cd nguy cd dfin den leo thang xung dot quan sfl gifla eae ben ke tfl khi Tda trpng tai bat d^u xem xet vu kien.
3. Nguyen tac binh d a n g ve chu quyen giiifa cac quoc gia va nguyen tac khong can t h i e p vao cong viec noi bp cua quoc gia k h a c
Thd nhi't, cac ben trong tranh chfi'p deu c6 quyen vfi binh dang vdi nhau trong viee chii dpng chpn hfldng giai quyet tranh cha'p phfl bdp vdi ban cha't ciia tranh cha'p va PLQT; chu ddng lfla chpn viee fip dung bien phfip phfip ly, giai quye't tranh chfi'p tai mdt cd quan tai phan qud'c te khi bien phap dfim phan thfldng Ifldng khdng dat dflpc ket qua.
Trong vu kien nay. viec lfla chpn Tda trpng tfii chj xufi't phat tfl y chi va quyet dinh ddn phfldng cua Philippines. Day lfi mdt sfl lfla chpn hdp ly, xuat phfit tfl quyen tu quyet cua quoc gia tren cd sd PLQT.
Viee khdi kien eua Philippines khdng vi pham nghia vu giai quye't tranh chfi'p theo Tuyen bd' ve cfich flng xd ciia cfic ben d Bien Ddng (DOC) hay cfic thda thufin song phfldng khfic nhfl cfio budc ciia Trung Qudc. Bdi vi, DOC la mdt thda thuan chinh tri vfi khdng rfing budc ve phap ly, khdng dinh ra mdt cP che giai quyet tranh chfi'p mdt cfich rfing bupc, khdng loai trfl cfic bien phfip giai qu\ el tranh chfi'p khac;
eac van kien khae nhfl Hiep fldc Than thien va Hpp tfic d Ddng Nam A, Cdng udc ve Da dang sinb hpc vfi mdt loat cfic Tuyen bd chung ciia Philippines vfi Trung Qud'c ve viec giai quye't tranh chfi'p thdng qua dfim phfin deu khdng cfi'u thfinh mdt thda thufin cd tac dung ngfin Philippines khdi kien ra Tda trpng tai'"*'. Vdi viec lfla chpn thu tuc phfip ly nfiy, Philippines dfi khang dinh vi the binh dfing vdi Trung Quoc trfldc PLQT, ddng thdi ehflng td minh dang thfle hien ngbia vu vfi quyen ldi cua nude thfinh vien Lien hdp quoc vfi UNCLOS. Ve ndi dung, Philippines dfi kheo lach qua khe cfla hep khi khong de cap tdi cfic vail de trong Tuyen bd' bao lflu nam 2006 cua Trung Quoc, ehu ye'u tfip trung vfio viec giai thich Cdng fldc. Tfi't ca cae quyet dinh lfla ebon nay cua Philippines deu lfi ket qua ciia qua trinh
'^' Vo Ngoc Diep, LAp trUOng cua Trung Quoc dcSi vdi vu kiin Philippines - Trung Quoc: Diin giai chu quan lukt phap quoc te. http://nghiencuubiendonB.vn/vu- kien-phihppines-trung-quoc/5856-lap-truong-cua- trung-quoc-vu-kien-phihppines-trung-quoc-dien- giai-chu-quan-luat-phap-quoc-te.
•^.Arbitral Tribunal, Award of 12/7/2016, Tldd.
*' Arbitral TVibunal Award of 12/7/2016, Tldd. Doan 164.
s i £-2020 NHiiN LUC KHOA HOC XA HQI j Q j
VIEC AP DVXG CAC X(^,UVEX T A C CO BAN CUA PHAP LU.\T..
phfin tich, dfinh gifi d u n g t i n h cbfi't. dfic diem eua cac t r a n h c h a p d a n g true tiep a n h h u d n g den quyen. lpi ich hpp p h a p cua qudc gia, eung vdi quyet tam chinh tri eao ddi vdi viec thflc hien quyen bao ve ldi ich cua nude minh.
Thd hai, trong sud't q u a t r i n h td t u n g , vdi vai trd ngudi p h a n xfl. Tda trpng tai da ludn tdn trpng va d a m bao quyen t h a m gia to' t u n g cua cac ben t r a n h chap; cac ben deu dfldc quyen b o a n tofin chu ddng vfi binh dfing ve vi the, ve quyen vfi nghia vu chflng minh.
Philippines dfi hoan thfinh viec gfli y kien ve dfl t h a o t h u tuc td t u n g len Tda vfio cudi t h a n g 7/2013. Tinh tfl tbdi didm khdi kien, eac chuyen gia cua Philippines da tich cflc vfi nbieu lan bo sung hd sd vu kien cung nhfl t h a m gia t r a n h tung de giai thich lap trfldng cua minh theo yeu cfiu cua Tda. Ngay 30/3/2014 Philippines dfi de trinh len Tda ban t r a n h t u n g trong dd bao gdm: cac phan tich phfip ly vfi nhflng bfing chflng cd hen quan den vu kien; giai thich cu the tai sao Tda cd thfim quyen chap nhfin yeu c^u khdi kien cua Philippines; vfi cfic dfl kien lich sfl. bfing ehflng va b a n do bd trp cho lap trfldng cua minh. Sau dd, ngfiy 16/3/2015, Philippines tie'p tue giii ban lap luan bd s u n g gan 3000 t r a n g theo yeu cau cua Tda; t h a m gia day du vfio cac phien t r a n h t u n g tai Tda dd bao ve q u a n diem va quyen lpi cua minh.
T r u n g Qud'c dflpc Toa mdi t h a m gia va thflc hien nhflng bien p b a p de bao ve quyen td t u n g cua minh n h u yeu cau cfl t r p n g tfii vien, nop cfic vfin b a n t r a ldi, eho y kien ve cac budc dfldc thfle hien t r o n g sudt t h u tuc td tung'^'. Tuy nhien, do T r u n g Qud'c k h d n g cha'p n h a n , k h d n g t h a m gia vu kien, khdng dfla r a cac t u y e n b d cbinh thflc tUdng flng vdi p h a n ldn cac de t r i n h ciia P h i h p p i n e s , trong q u a t r i n h [ Q NHiiN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi
to t u n g Tda dfi sU d y n g Tfii heu lAP trudng""' ngay 7/12/2014 cua T r u n g Quot ddi vdi vu kien (cflng cac ngudn khac) nhfl mdt b a n g chflng \ e q u a n di^m lap trfldng eda T r u n g Qudc ' (Tap tfii lieu dfla r a ba lufin die^m flng vdi ba muc de chflng m i n h mdt each cu the ddng thfii dfla ddn kien r a Tda t r o n g tfii cua Philippines lfi b a t hdp p h a p va vd ly: Tda troiif: tfii k h d n g cd tha'm quyen: viec T r u n g Qudb cd q u y e n khong t h a m gia vao vu kien la hofin tofin phfl hpp vdi P L Q T . lfi mdt h i n h thflc thflc hien quyen eiia nUdc nay p b u h d p vdi UNCLOS"-')
Tfl thflc tien giai quye't t r a n h chfi'p qude te. ed t h e tha'y cae nguyen tac b i n h d a n g ve ehii quyen gifla efic qud'c gia vfi k h d n g can thiep vao edng viec ndi bd ciia qud'c gia khac da dflpc v a n d u n g va tdn t r p n g bdi ca ed q u a n tfii p h a n vfi cac b e n lien q u a n . TrUdng hdp k h d n g t u a n t h i i nhfl T r u n g Qud'c ehi lfi ngoai le dfic biet. Ve phfldng dien cbu q u y e n qud'c gia, T r u n g Qud'c hofin tofin cd q u y e n t u y e n bd' q u a n diem lap trfldng ciia m i n h ve giai q u y e t t r a n h cha'p, ve t h a m quydn cua ed q u a n t a i phfin qud'c te; cd q u y e n lfla chpn bien p h a p , cd q u a n giai quye't t r a n h cha'p; dfla r a cac l a p l u a n de bao ve q u a n d i e m cua m i n h nhflng tfi't ca p h a i dfla t r e n cd sd cac q u y d i n h ciia PLQT; ddng thdi, cac quyen nfiy c u n g p h a i d a t t r o n g mdi q u a n he c h a t cbe vdi cae n g h i a v u tfldng flng m a T r u n g Qud'c p h a i thflc hien: n g h i a vu giai q u y e t cfic t r a n h
'"" Arbitral Tribunal, Award of 12/7/2016, Tldd. Doan 121,122.
""' People's Republic of China (2014), Position Paper of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Matter of Jurisdiction in the South China Sea Arbitration Initiated by the Republic of (he Philippines. 7 December 2014.
""Arbitral Tribunal, Award of 12/7/2016, Tldd, Doan 14
"•'Arbitral Tribunal. Award ofl2/7/2016. Tldd. Doan 13
SO 5-2020
DAO THI THU HUOXG cha'p phat sinh bfing cfic bien phap hda
binh vfi nghia vu hdp tfie vdi cac nflde hen quan trong giai quyet cac tranh chap chfl hofin tofin khdng the tren cd sd fip dat bien phfip giai quyet tranh chfi'p duy nhfi't theo y chi lfla chpn eua minh budc eac nude khac phai theo.
4. Nguyen tac cac quoc gia co nghia vu htfp tac va nguyen tac tan tam, thien chi thflc hien cam ket quoc te
Cfic qudc gia ed nghia vu bdp tfic thflc sfl la mdt nguyen tfic cd mdi quan he chat che vdi nguyen tfie hda binh giai quye't cac tranh chfi'p qud'c te, bieu hien trflc tie'p d viec cac qud'c gia ed nghia vu eflng hpp tfic vdi nhau, eflng nhau tim kiem cac giai phap hieu qua trong viec giai quyet tranh cha'p ngay tfl khi tranh chfi'p pbfit sinh, cflng nbau quan ly, kiem soat tranh chap, khdng dflde ed nhflng hfinh vi lam leo thang tranh cha'p, dong tbdi hdp tfic vdi nhau trong viec giai quyet cac vfi'n de phat sinh trong qua trinh giai quye't tranh chfi'p. Tuy nhien, cd the nhfin thfi'y ro rang trong vu kiin Bien Ddng, nguyen tfie nfiy da khdng dfldc Trung Qud'c tdn trpng va tufin thii. Cu thd:
Ngfiy 19/2/2013, Trung Qude bfic bd vfi glii tra lai Thdng bao khdi kien eua Phihppines, khfing dinh khdng cha'p nhan vfi khdng tham gia vu kien theo thdng bao ciia Tda trpng tfii. Trung Quoc cho rfing viee khdng tham gia vao vu kien lfi mpt hinh thflc thfle hien quyen ciia nfldc nay phu hdp vdi UNCLOS vdi lap lufin: ban ehfi't cua vu kien lfi chii quyen lanh thd ddi vdi mpt so' cfi'u true bidn d Bien Ddng, vaii de nay nfim ngofii pham vi ciia Cdng fldc vfi khdng lien quan de'n viec giai thich bay fip dung Cdng fldc; Trung Quoc vfi Philippines dfi thd'ng nha't, tbdng qua cac thda thufin song phfldng va DOC. giai quye't cfic tranh chfi'p lien quan thdng qua
thfldng Iflpng; viec Philippines ddn phfldng khdi kien ra Tda trpng tai la vi pham nghia vu theo quy dinb cua PLQT; va ngay ca khi gia dinh rang ndi dung eua vu kien lien quan den giai thich va ap dung Cdng fldc, cac npi dung nay la mpt phan khdng tfich rdi cua qufi trinh phfin dinh bien gifla hai qudc gia"^', nhfl vay se rdi vao trfldng hpp Tuyen bd nfim 2006 ciia Trung Qudc phu bdp vdi Cdng fldc, trong dd loai trfl cae tranh chfi'p ve phan dinh bien khdi ed che trpng tfii bfit budc bay cac cP cbe giai quyei tranh chfi'p bat budc khfic""".
Tuy nhien, UNCLOS khdng cd dieu khoan nfio cho ph^p qud'c gia "cd (juven khdng tham gia vao vu kien" ma trai lai, quy dinb cac quoc gia ed nghia vu hd trp, tao dieu kien dd dang eho Tda thflc hien nhiem vu""', Trong trfldng hpp nay, Trung Qud'c khdng ed thien chi trong giai qii>t't cfic tranh chfi'p d Bien Ddng vdi muc dich ap dfit y chi eua minh trong viec lfla chpn bien phap giai quyet lfi dfim phfin song phUdng budc cac nudc khac phai theo; vi pham nguyen tac Pacta sunt servanda kbi cd' tinh giai thich, vien dan sai lech tinh than npi dung eua cfic vfin kien dfi dupc ky ket vdi Philippines vfi cfic nfldc cd lien quan khfic theo hifdng cd lpi cho minh lam ly do tfl chdi hdp tac vdi Philippines trong giai quyet tranh chfi'p tai Tda. Sfl vi pham nfiy da dupc khfing dinb rd rang trong ca bai Phan quye't ve Tham quyen ngay 29/10/2015 va Phan quyei cudi eung ngay 12/7/2016 cua Tda trpng tai:
ea Philippines vfi Trung Qud'c deu lfi thanh vien Cdng fldc vfi Cdng fldc khdng
"^'ArbitralTrihunal, Award of 12/7/2016, Tldd, E)oan Vi
"'•' Arbitral Tribunal under Annex VII UNCLOS (2015), The Republic of Philippines v. The Peopk-s Republic of China case. Award on Jurisdiction and AdmissibiHty 29/10/2015 Doan 133.
"^' UNCLOS. Dieu 6 Phu luc 7.
tii-TUt NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI [ Q
VIEC AP DUXG CAC XGUYEX T.\C CO BAS CUA PHAP LU.AT cho phep mpt qudc gia tfl loai trfl minh
khdi cd che giai quyet tranh chfi'p dupc quy dinh trong Cdng fldc"^: khdng cd cd sd phfip ly de Trung Quoc yeu sach quyen lich su ddi vdi tfii nguyen tai eae viing bien phia ben trong "dudng 9 doan"; khdng mpt cfi'u trflc nfio tai Trfldng Sa ed kha nfing tao ra cfic vflng bien md rang vfi cac dao Trudng Sa khdng the cflng nhau tao ra cac vflng bien nhfl mdt thflc the thdng nhat;
Trung Qudc dfi vi pham quyen chu quyen ciia Philippines bfing viec can thiep vfio boat dpng danh ca va tham dd dau kbi ciia Philippines, xfiy dung cdng trinh, dao nhfin tao tai Vfinh Khfin mfi khdng dUdc sfl ddng y cua Philippines vfi khdng ngfin cbfin ngu dfin Trung Qudc dfinh bat d khu vflc nay: gfiy hai nghiem trpng vdi mdi trflpng ciia cac rfing san hd vfi vi pham nghia vu bao tdn va bao ve cac be sinh thai dd hi tdn thfldng va mdi trfldng .-^dng ciia cae loai dang suy yeu. bi de doa va hi buy diet: vi pham cfic nghia vu ve kiem che Ifim tram trpng them vfi keo dfii tranh cha'p gifla cfic ben trong kbi chd qua trinh xit xu''''.
Ben canb dd, vdi tuyen bd khdng chfi'p nhan thi hfinh Phan quyet. Trung Qud'c mdt lfin nfla vi pham nguyen tfic Pacta sunt servanda. La thanh vien UNCLOS, nghia la Trung Qud'c da cha'p nhfin rang budc vdi tofin bd efic quyen vfi ngbia vu ma Cdng Udc tao ra, trong dd cd cac quy dinh lien quan den giai quyet tranh chfi'p. Tda Trpng tfii da dflde thfinh lap va boat ddng theo dung cac quy dinh cua UNCLOS nen kbi Phan quyet cua Tda dupc ban hfinh, Phfin quyet dd se mang tinh chung thfim vfi mang gia tri rang budc phfip ly"**'. Do vay, Trung Qud'c cd nghia vu phai thflc thi mdt cfich nghiem tuc, ke ca trong trfldng bdp rut khdi UXCLOS thi cae nghia vu mfi Trung
Qud'c phai thflc hien theo ''*'""/ll'^'^l cua Tda trong vu kien nfiy cung ^e toan khdng bi mat di"^*. ,-
Qua vu kien PbUippim-.^ - Trung Q^c, CO the danh gia Philippines dii r4t n6 Wc va trach nhiem trong viec giai q".^'^' ' " "
chap, ton trong va diia vao sue manh cua PLQT de bao ve quyfii Icii hdp phap cua quoc gia. Tuv nhien. trong boi canh khong CO cd che' nao de buoc Trung Quot thi hanh Phan quyet, Philippines da dieu chinh sach lUdc ling xii, lua chon each tiep can m§m deo: doi thoai va tiep tuc dam phan vdi Trung Quoc hau Phan quyet. SU lUa chpn cua Philippines phu hop vdi sU thay doi cua tinh hinh thUc te: dam phan la bu6c di tiep noi Phan quyet cua Toa trong tai, khong phai la sU phu nhan Phan quyet nay.
Trung Quoc dila vao silc manh cua nUdc ldn, khong tuan thu cac quy dinh cila PLQT, vi pham cac nghia vu thanh vien cua UNCLOS va cac nghia vu quoc ti khac, khong ton trong nguyen t^c binh dang chii quyen giila cac quoc gia, khong tan tam thien chi va hdp tac trong giai quyet tranh chap, lam philc tap them tranh chap, dan den nguy cd xung dot, de doa hoa binh an ninh khu vuc. Phan quy§'t ciia Toa trong tai co the se giiip Trung Quoc nhan thay ro rang hdn can phai dieu chinh, thay doi thai do va hanh vi cila minh trong quan he vdi cac nudc hilu quan, quan tam den viec tuan thii phap luat quoc te ndi chung va cac nguyen tac cd ban cila PLQT ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, hien tai van chua cd mot can cil nao cho th&'y kha nang Trung Quoc se chap nhan va tuan thu phan quye't. Neu vftn chon
'"" Arbitral Tribunal. Award on Junsdiction and Admissibility 29/10/2015. Tldd. Doan 106.
" " Arbitral Tribunal Award of 12n/2016, Tldd. Doanl203
»*' UNCLOS. Dieu 296 va Dieu 11 Phu luc 7
"*' UNCLOS. Dilu 317.
i Q NHiiN LVC KHOA HOC X A H O I St 5-2020
DAOTHITHUHUOXC- each hfinh xfl theo hfldng nfiy, chfic chfin
uy tin eua mot thfinh vien LHQ, thfinh vien UNCLOS eung nhfl hinh anh quoc te cua ciia Trung Quoc se bi anh hfldng khdng nhd.
5. Bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam Co the ndi thflc tien giai quye't vu kien gifla Philippines vfi Trung Quoc tren Bien Ddng la mpt bai hpc eho ca khu vflc ve gia tri ciia cac nguyen tae ed ban cua PLQT.
Chinh sfl vi pham ciia Trung Quoc trong vu viee nay se la mdt thflc tidn ma Viet Nam khdng the bd qua trong viec ehuan bi cac dieu kien cho viee giai quyet tranh nhflng chfi'p lien quan den Trung Qud'c mdt each ehu dfio, ky Ifldng. Ddng thdi, vfin dung kinh nghiem ciia Philippines trong viec fip dung gifi tri ndi dung eiia efic nguyen tfic nay vfio viec giai quye't tranh cha'p d Bien Ddng ed y ngbia nen tang, lfi cd sd phap ly quan trpng cho Viet Nam trong viec bao ve cbu quyen, quyen chu quyen, quyen tai phan cua qud'c gia, gdp ph^n bao ve hda binh, an ninh vfi tfing cfldng hdp tfic hflu nghi vdi cfic qud'c gia trong khu vflc va tren the gidi. Cu the la:
Thd nhi't, Viet Nam can tie'p tuc kien tri thfle hien nghia vu tim kiem phfldng thflc giai quyet tranh chfi'p phfl hpp, kiem che, quan ly tranh cha'p de tranh chap khdng bung nd thanh xung dot bao Iflc;
tiep tuc yeu eSu Trung Qud'c: phai hanh ddng mdt cfich phfl hpp vdi cfic tuyen bd' chinh thflc cung nhfl cac nghia vu cua qudc gia lfi tdn trpng PLQT, phai cbfi'm dflt cac hanb vi sii dung hoac de dpa sii dung vu Iflc tren bidn, cha'm dflt cac hanh VI lam phflc tap leo thang tranh cha'p nhfl quan sfl hda cac dao dang bi tranh chfi'p vfi thay ddi nguyen trang d Bidn Ddng vfi giai quyet cfic tranh chfi'p bfing bien phfip hda binh nbfim duy tri hda binh, dn dinh d khu vflc eung nhfl tren the gidi.
Thd hai, Viet Nam can chii ddng trong viee sU dung quyen iua chpn va quyet dinb bien phap giai quyet tranh chfi'p phu hpp vdi dieu kien hofin eanh vfi ban chat cua tranh chap va cfic quy dinb cua PLQT: chu ddng thfle hien viec giai quyet tranh chfi'p tai Bien Ddng thdng qua mdt cd quan tfii phfin qud'c te khi mpi nd Iflc dam phan dd giai quyet that bai. Du Trung Qud'c ed ddng y hay khdng thi dieu nay cung cd y nghia quan trpng trong viec the hien ro Viet Nam la qud'c gia ed trfich nhiem trong cdng ddng qudc te sfin sfing trd thfinh mdt ben trudc Tda de phfin xfl dung sai.
Thd ba, de gifl vi the binh dfing va cbu ddng trong qua trinh giai quyet tranh cha'p, Viet Nam c^n phai ed nhflng chufin hi chu dfio eho viec giai quye't tranh chfi'p vfi tranh tung tai cd quan t;ii phfin qud'c te nbU: Tuyen bd' chfi'p nhfin/lUa chpn tham quyen hofic xay dflng thda thuan dfic biet trao th^m quyen giai quye't tranh chfi'p cho cd quan tfii phfin mfi minh lfla chpn; xac dinh chien Iflpc tranh tung dung hfldng vfi xay dflng nhflng lap lufin phap ly tren ed sd nhflng chflng cfl xfic thflc de khang dinh, bao ve yeu saeh eiia minh; tim hieu, thu thap, nghien eflu va danh gifi het sflc nghiem tflc cac lap luan, cac chflng cfl pbap ly vfi lieh sii mfi ddi phflpng sii dung; tie'p tuc uu tien dao tao dpi ngu chuyen gia ve PLQT cd trinh dp chuyen mdn, nghiep vu cao; chu trpng hdn nfla viee gdi ngfldi hofic vfin dpng gLfi ngfldi tham gia vao cac the che qud'c te. trong dd cd cac ed quan tfii phfin qud'c te...
Thd tu, Viet Nam c^n phdi hdp vfi yeu cfiu cac ben lien quan cung thflc hien nghia vu hpp tac trong qufi trinh giai quyet tranh cha'p, cflng nhau tim kie'm cac giai phap hieu qua ngay tfl khi tranh
S<S-2B2t NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI Q ]
\TEC AP DUXG C.AC XGU^-EX T.4C CO BAX CU.A PHAP LUAT...
cho phep mdt quoc gia tfl loai trfl minh khdi cd che giai quye't tranh cha'p dUdc quy dinh trong Cdng fldc"^'; khdng cd cd sa phap ly de Trung Quoc yeu sfich quyen lich su ddi vdi tfii nguyen tai cfic vung bidn phia ben trong "dfldng 9 doan": khdng mot cau tnic nfio tai Trudng Sa cd kba nfing tao ra efic vung bien md rdng vfi cfic dao Trfldng Sa khdng the cung nhau tao ra cac vung bidn nhfl mdt thflc thd thd'ng nha't;
Trung Qudc dfi vi pham quyen chu quyen cua Philippines bfing viee can thiep vfio boat ddng dfinh ca vfi thfim dd dfiu kbi cua Philippines, xav dflng cdng trinh, dao nhfin tao tai Vanh Khan ma khdng dupc sfl ddng y cua Philippines va khdng ngan chan ngfl dan Trung Quoc danh bat d khu vflc nay; gay bai nghiem trpng vdi mdi trudng cua cfic rfing san hd vfi vi pham nghia vu bao tdn vfi bao ve cfic he sinh thfii de hi tdn thUdng va mdi trfldng sdng eua cae loai dang suy yeu. hi de doa va hi buy diet: vi pham cac nghia vu ve kiem che lam tram trpng them va keo dai tranh cha'p gifla cac ben trong khi chd qua trinh xit xtt"".
Ben canh dd, vdi tuyen bd' khdng chfi'p nhfin thi hanh Phan quyet. Trung Qud'c mpt lan nfla vi pbam nguyen tac Pacta sunt servanda. La thanh vien UNCLOS, nghia la Trung Qud'c dfi chfi'p nhfin rfing budc vdi tofin bp eac quyen vfi nghia vu ma Cdng fldc tao ra. trong dd ed cac quy dinh lien quan den giai quyet tranh chap. Tda Trpng tai da dfldc thanh lap va boat ddng theo dung cac quy dinh cua UNCLOS nen khi Phan quyet eua Tda dflde ban hanh, Phan quye't do se mang tinh chung tham va mang gia tri rang budc phap ly"*^'. Do vay. Trung Qud'c ed ngbia vu phai thfle thi mpt cfich nghiem tuc, ke ca trong trfldng hdp rut khdi UXCLOS tbi cfic nghia vu mfi Trung
Qud'c phai thflc bi^n theo P^-"\'r'\''|^
cua Tda trong vu kien nfiy cung se toan khdng hi mfi't di"^'.
Qua vu kien Philippines jYung Q"OC, CO the danh gia Philippines da rat no lijc va trach nhiem trong vi?c giai qu.^ct tian chap, ton trong va dua vao sue manh cua PLQT de' bao ve quven ldi hdp phap cua qu6b gia. Tuv nhien. trong bdi canh khong cd cd che' nho di budc Trung Qudc thi hanh Phan quvet. Philippines da dieu chinh sach lUdc ling xu. lua chon each tiep can mem deo: ddi thoai va tiep tuc dam phan vdi Trung Qudc hSu Phan quyet. SU lUa chpn cua Philippines phu hop vdi sU thay ddi cila tinh hinh thUc te; dam phan la budc di tiep noi Phan quyet cua Tda trpng tai, khdng phai la sU phii nhan Phan quye't nay.
Trung Qud'c dUa vao silc manh cila nUdc ldn, khdng tuan thu cac quy dinh cua PLQT, vi pham cac nghia vu thanh vien cua UNCLOS va cac nghia vu qud'c te khac, khdng tdn trong nguyen t&c binh dang chll quyen giQa cac qud'c gia, khdng tan tam thien chi vk hdp tac trong giai quye't tranh chft'p, lam phiic tap th§m tranh cha'p, dftn de'n nguy cd xung dot, de doa hda binh an ninh khu vUc. Phan quyet cila Tda trong tai cd the se giiip Trung Qud'c nhan thft'y rd rang hdn can phai dig'u chinh, thay doi thai do va hanh vi cila minh trong quan he vdi cac nudc hiiu quan, quan tam de'n viec tuan thu phap luat qud'c te ndi chung va cac nguyen tftc cd ban cila PLQT ndi rieng. Tuy nhien, hien tai vftn chUa cd mdt can oil nfto cho thft'y kha nftng Trung Qud'c se cha'p nhftn va tuan thil phan quye't. Ne'u v&n chon
'"'* Arbitral Tribunal, Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility 29/10/201-5. Tldd. Doan 106.
<"> Arbitral Tribunal Award of 12^/2016. Tldd. Doan 1203 '"" UNCLOS. Dieu 296 vk Dieu 11 Phu luc 7.
"•' UNCLOS. DiSu 317.
IQ] NHM IVC KHO* HOC XA Htl SO S-2020
DAO THI THU HUOXG each hanh xii theo hfldng nay, chac chan
uy tin eiia mdt thanh vien LHQ. thanh vien UNCLOS eung nhfl binh anh qudc te cua ciia Trung Quoc se hi anh hfldng khdng nhd.
5. Bai h w kinh nghiem cho Viet Nam Cd the ndi thflc tien giai quye't vu kien gifla Philippines va Trung Qudc tren Bien Ddng la mdt bai hpc eho ca khu vfle ve gia tri ciia eac nguyen tae ed ban ciia PLQT.
Chinh sfl vi pbam cua Trung Qudc trong vu viee nay se la mdt thflc tiln mfi Viet Nam khdng the bd qua trong viec ehuan bi eac dieu kien cho viee giai quyet tranh nhflng chfi'p lien quan den Trung Qudc mdt cfich chu dfio, ky Ifldng. Ddng thdi, vfin dung kinb nghiem cua Philippines trong viee fip dung gifi tri ndi dung ciia cfic nguyen tfic nay vfio viec giai quye't tranh cha'p d Bien Ddng cd y nghia nen tang, la cd sd phap ly quan trpng cho Viet Nam trong vipe bao ve chii quyen, quyen ehu quyen, quyen tai phan cua qud'c gia, gdp phfin bao ve bda binh, an ninh va tang cfldng hpp tae hflu nghi vdi cac qud'c gia trong khu vflc va tren thd gidi. Cu the la:
Thd nhi't. Viet Nam can tie'p tuc kien tri thflc hien nghia vu tim kie'm phfldng thflc giai quye't tranh cha'p phu hdp, kiem che, quan ly tranh cha'p de tranh chfi'p khdng bung nd thfinh xung dot bao Iflc;
tie'p tuc yeu cau Trung Qud'c: phai hfinh ddng mpt each phfl hpp vdi cac tuyen bd' chinh thflc cung nhfl cac nghia vu ciia quoc gia la tdn trpng PLQT, phai cha'm dflt cae hanh vi sii dung hoac de dpa sd dung vu Iflc tren bidn. cha'm dflt cac hanh vi lam phflc tap leo thang tranh cha'p nhfl quan sfl hda cfic dao dang hi tranh cha'p va thay ddi nguyen trang d Bien Ddng va giai quydt cfic tranh chfi'p bfing bien phap hda binh nbfim duy tri hda binh, dn dinh d khu vflc eung nhfl tren the gidi.
Thd hai. Viet Xam cfin chu ddng trong viec sfl dung quyen lfla chpn va quyet dinh bien pbap giai qu>et tranh chap phfl hpp vdi dieu kien hoan eanh va ban chat eua tranh chfi'p vfi eac quy dinh cua PLQT: chu ddng thfle hien viec giai quyei tranh chfi'p tai Bidn Ddng thdng qua mdt cd quan tai phfin qud'c to khi mpi nd Iflc dfim phan de giai quyei tha't bai. Du Trung Qudc cd ddng y hay khdng tbi dieu nay cung cd y nghia quan trpng trong viee thd bien rd Viet Nam lfi qud'c gia cd trach nhiem trong cpng ddng qud'c te san sang trd thanh mdt ben trfldc Tda de phfin xfl dung sai.
Thd ba. de gifl vi the binh dfing va ehu ddng trong qua trinh giai quyet tranh chfi'p, Viet Nam cfin phai cd nhflng chufin hi cbu dfio cho viee giai quye't tranh cha'p va tranh tung tai cP quan tai phan qud'c te nhfl: Tuyen bd' chap nhfin/lfla chpn tham quyen hofic xay dflng thda thuan dac biet trao tham quyen giai quyet tranh cha'p cho cd quan tai phan ma minh lfla chpn; xfic dinb chien lupc tranh tung dung hfldng vfi xay dflng nhflng Ifip lufin phfip ly tren cP sd nhflng chflng efl xfic thflc de khfing dinh, bao ve yeu sach cua minh; tim hieu, thu thap, nghien cflu vfi dfinh gia bet sflc nghiem tuc cac lap lufin, cac ehflng cfl phfip ly vfi lich sd ma ddi phfldng sU dung; tiep tue Uu tien dao tao dpi ngu chuyen gia ve PLQT cd trinh dp chuyen mon, nghiep vu cao; chu trpng hdn nfla viec giii ngfldi hoac van dpng glii ngfldi tham gia vao cac the che quoc te, trong dd cd eac cd quan tfii phfin qud'c te...
Thd tu. Viet Nam can phdi hdp va yeu cfiu cac ben lien quan cflng thfle hien nghia vu hpp tae trong qufi trinh giai quye't tranh cha'p, cflng nhau tim kiem eac giai phap hieu qua ngay tfl khi tranh
s i 5-2020 NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi Q |
MEC .\P DUXG CAC XGLTEX TAC CO BAX CU.\ PHAP LUAT .
chfi'p p h a t s i n h . c u n g n h a u q u a n ly. k i e m sofit t r a n h chfi'p, k h d n g dupc c6 nhflng h a n b vi Ifim leo t h a n g t r a n h chfi'p, gdp p h a n duy t r i h d a b i n h a n n i n h t r o n g k h u vflc vfi qud'c t e : can v a n d d n g cac ben lien q u a n c u n g thfle hien cac bien phfip t a n g cfldng v a i trd cua ASEAN t r o n g q u a n ly x u n g dot d Bien Ddng: t h u c day viec xay dflng edng eu q u a n ly t r a n h chfi'p COC.
nd Iflc tim kiem cfic giai p h a p t a m thdi de c u n g hpp t a c q u a n ly t r a n h chfi'p t r e n t i n h thfin hidu biet lfin n h a u n h a m k h d n g ehe n g u y cd x u n g dot, duy t r i hda b i n h , an n i n h . t h u c day hdp tac xa\ dflng ldng tin va t a o mdi trfldng t h u a n lpi cho viec tim k i e m giai phfip cho cae t r a n h chfi'p d Bien Ddng.
Thd nim, Viet Xam can veu cfiu cac ben lien q u a n t r o n g t r a n h chap phai tufin thii, thflc hien d u n g eac cam ket qudc te t r o n g dd cd cae quy dinh ve giai quyet t r a n h chfi'p trong cfic Dieu fldc Qudc te:
k h d n g dfldc cd' t i n h vien dfin giai thich sai lech cfic quy dinh trong eac Dieu fldc Qudc te mfi cfic qudc gia lfi t h a n h vien.
K e t l u a n
Q u a t r i n h giai q u \ e t vu kiin Bien Ddng gifla P h i l i p p i n e s vfi T r u n g Qudc dfi m a n g de'n nbflng gpi md p h a p ly vfi nhflng k i n h n g h i e m quy gifi eho Viet N a m t r o n g viec sfl d u n g cac ed q u a n tfii p h a n vfi sfl d u n g nhflng lufin efl phfip ly tai cfic ed q u a n nfiy t r o n g tUdng lai. Tuy n h i e n , de cd t h e t h e hien t r a c h n h i e m cua qud'c gia ddi vdi viec tufin t h u cac n g u y e n tfic cd b a n c u a PLQT. sii d u n g h i e u q u a bien p h a p qud'c gia lfla chpn, ddi hdi Viet N a m can p h a i cd nhflng t i n h t o a n rfi't cu t h e , chi tiet va can t r p n g ve cac ndi d u n g p h a p ly. ddng thdi, can dfla t r e n cd sd d a n h gia nhflng vfi'n de ed lien q u a n k h a e n b u k i n h te. chfnh tri, ngoai giao, cue dien vfi dien bie'n cua t i n h h i n h
thfle t e de b a n cbS' thfi'p n h a t nbflng ton tha't k i n h te va cfic linh vflc k h a c . t r a n h thfl su h a u thufin va iing ho m a n h me e u a cdng lufin qudc te va cua cac cUdng qudc t r e n t h e gidi.
T A I L I E U T H . \ M K H A O 1. Lien hdp qudc (1945). Hien chUdng.
2. Lien hdp qudb (1970), TUNCMI bd c u a Dai hdi ddng ve cac nguyen tac cd b a n c u a lufit qud'c te dieu chinh mdi q u a n h e hflu nghi hdp tac gifla eac qud'c gia p h u h d p vdi Hien chUdng LHQ.
3. Lien hdp qudi; (1982), Cdng Udc v4 Luit bie'n (IWCLOS). Nxb. C h i n h t r i Qudc gia - Sfl t h a t 2012, Hfi Npi
1 Khoa Lufit. D H Q G H N (2014), Giio trinh Cdng phip qudc ti', Nxb. D H Q G H N .
5. Vd Ngpc Diep, "Lap trfldng cua T r u n g Qudc ddi vdi vu kien P h i l i p p i n e s - T r u n g Qudc: Didn giai cbii q u a n lufit p b a p qud'c te*', <http://nghiencuubiendong.vn / v u - k i e n - p h i l i p p i n e s - t r u n g - q u o e / 5 8 5 6 - l a p - t r u o n g - c u a - t r u n g - q u o c - v u - k i e n - p b i l i p p i n e s - t r u n g - q u o e - d i e n - g i a i - c h u - q u a n - l u a t - p b a p - q u o e - t e > ,
6. People's Republic of C h i n a (2014), Position Paper of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the Matter of Jurisdiction in the South China Sea /Arbitration Initiated by the Republic of the Philippines, 7 D e c e m b e r 2014.
7. Arbitral T r i b u n a l u n d e r A n n e x VII U N C L O S (2015), The Republic of Philippines v. The People's Republic of China case, A w a r d on J u r i s d i c t i o n a n d AdmissibiUty 29/10/2015.
8. A r b i t r a l T r i b u n a l u n d e r A n n e x VII U N C L O S (2016), The Republic of Philippines v. The People's Republic of China case. Award of 12/7/2016, http://www.pcacases.(»ni/ web/ view/7.
[ Q NHAN L ^ KHOA HOC XA HOI S6 5-2020
