I i
THJC TRANG GIAO DUC M A M NON 6 CAC TJNH DONG B A N G
SONG CL/U LONG
TS. Le Van Chin
Sd Gido due vd Ddo tao Ben 'Tre.
T O M T . \ T
Gido due mdm non Id cdp hoc ddu lien Irong he ihdng gido due qudc ddn. dgt nen mimg han ddu cho .sir phdt trien ve the chdt. tri lue, tinh cam. thdm my. lieng Viel vd ldm ly .sdn .sdng di hgc cho ire em. Cdp hpc mdm non d cue linh ddng bdng .sdng Cini Long irong nhirng nam qua dd cd nhieu cd gdng. dgi dupc nhieu thdnh tuu lot.
Tiiy vdy, cdp hoc ndy hien nay vdn cdn bdt cap. han chi. De gido due mdm non phdt trien. i tin cd chinh sdch ddc thit rieng cho viing ddng bdng .song ('iru Umg. Rii-ng cdc ttnh trong khu vuc phai bii't phdt huy not luc vd ddy mgnh cting tdc xd hdi hda gido due
Tir khoa: Gido due mdm non: Ddng hdng sdng Cini Long.
Xgiiynhdnhdi 8.'1/20I7; \giiy duyet ddng hid: 25'1/2017
AltSTRACT
Preschool education is the beginning level pfetluealion system, which lays the foundation lor the development ofphystcut health, intelligence, affection, aesthetics and I 'lelnainese language lor kids and helps kids becomes psychologically ready for .school.
Preschool education in Cuu Long delta has made iniiiiy achievements during Ihe past years How ever, there are still mine liinilalions and inadequacy in Us performance. In order lo boost the improveineiil of preschool ediicitlion in Cuu Long Delia il requires specialized policies Provinces in this area also need to uphold their internal force and promote the socialization of ediicalion.
Key xvords: Preschool education. Cuu Long delta.
\. D a t xiin dc
Nam hpe 2016 - 2017 la nam thu tu loan nganh giao due ticp tuc thyc hicn Nghi quxct sd 2')-\iy\ \\ ngay 04 thang 11 nam 2013 cua Uan C h i p hanh
•frung uimg Dang (khda XI) xe "Ddi mdi can ban. loan dicn giao due va dao tao.
56 TAP CHl TAM LV HOC. .V) 2 (215), 2 - 2017
dap img \cu c§u cong nghiep hoa. hicn dai hoa trong dieu kien kinh w thi trudng dinh huong xa hpi chu nghta \ a hpi nhap qu6c tc". Cac tinh ddng bang song Cim Long d^u tap trung cho cac boat dpng nang cao chat lugmg giao due 6 cac nganh hoc. cap hpc. trong do co c^p hpc mam non. Muc tieu la giup irc phat trien \c the chat, tinh cam. hi^u bi6t. tham my. hinh thanh cac yeu to dau ticn ciia nhan each, chuan bj t6t cho tre buoc vao lop 1. Day la mot trong nhung giai phap tich cue nham nang cao chat lupng nguon nhan luc trong viing. dap img cho > eu cau cong nghiep hoa va hicn dai hoa dat nuoc. Bai viet na\ tap trung phan tich thuc trang giao due mam non o cac linh dong bang song Cim Long de tir do gop phan dc ra cac bien phap nang cao chat lupng dao tao ciia bac hpc nay.
2. Thirc trang giao due mam non a cac tmh dong bang song Ciiu Long u. Ve so luang tre mdm non
Voi su CO gang ciia nganh giao due. dao tao cr cac tinh dong bang song Cim Long, quy mo. mang luoi truong. lop mam non trong vimg tiep tuc dupe dicu chinh. \6a dan dicm lc theo huong tao mpi dicu kicn de hu) dpng loi da tre trong dp tuoi den tru(mg. nhat la dia ban viing sau. \ung kinh tc - xa hpi dac biet kho khan, viing bien gioi. hai dao. Tinh den thoi diem thang L2017. toan vung CO 1.803 truong mam non. mau giao. tang 43 truong so \oi nam hpc trudc; vdi 19.154 Idp. tang 1.682 Idp va 556 597 tre. tang 53.060 tre so vdi nam hpc trudc.
Sd lupng trudng. UVp. hpc sinh cap hpc mam non trong viing nhu sau:
Bdng 1: So luang trir&ng, lap. hgc sinh mdm non a cdc tinh dong bdng .song Ciru Long ddu ndm hoc 2016 -2017
T T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Dcrn v i A n Giang Bac l.icii Ben Tre Ca Mail I36nu Thiip Ilau Giants Kicn Gianji l.oni; A n Soc rranp
So Iriro'nH 201
88 176 131 191 85 151 209 134
So iori 1.992
929 1.387 1,339 2 129 1.019 1,651 1 764 1.709
So hoc sinh 61.661 29.940 46.405 36.715 64 198 30.738 47.003 53.328 51.265
TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, Sd 2 (2 Li). 2 - 2017 57
10 11 12
Ticn Gians Tni Vinh VTnh Lon.e
188 120 129
2.585 1.271 1.379
56 552 38.701 40.091
Tir thuc td tren cho thay. nganh hpc mam non thudc cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cuu Long cd nhiSu nd lyc tang quy md tre trong dp tudi den trucmg nham thyc hien muc lieu phd cap giao dye mam non cho tre em 5 tudi va chuan bj lot cho tre vao Idp I.
Theo bao cao eua eac dja phuong. t\ le huy dpng Ue ngoai cdng lap loan xiing chidm i\ le 9.7% so vdi tdng sd tre dupc huy dpng. Ben canh mpt sd linh cd tx le tre ngoai cdng lap chidm ly le tren 10,0% nhu: Kien Giang: 16.26%.
Long An: 16.27%. Bdn Tre: 10.3%... thi mdt sd tinh cd ty le huy dpng tte ngpai cdng lap chidm tx le thSp hon nhu: Hau Giang: 8,6%, Tra Vinh: 6,0%, Tien Giang: 3,0%,,,
Cdng tac phd cap giao due mam non cho tre 5 tudi trong viing cung dupc chil trpng, Tinh d6n thang 1/2016, loan vitng cd 10 tinh da dupc Bp Giao due va Dao lao kiem tra cdng nhan. Rieng 2 tinh Kicn Giang va Sdc Trang da hoan thanh hd so va dc nghj Bd Giao due x ii Dao tao kiem tra, cdng nhan,
b. Vi sd lirong gido viin mdm non
Mpi dicm dang luu x la thyc trang giao vien mam non trong vimg dang la van dc hire xuc, Ben canh mdt sd tinh khdng thieu giao vien mam non nhu:
Kicn Giang, Ddng fhap thi mdt sd tinh nhu: Ben Tre, Hau Giang, Ticn Giang, Tra Vinh dang Ihicu giao vien mam non kha nhieu. Dieu nay sg anh hudng ticu eye den ly le huy ddng tre ra Idp va vice md rpng quy md tre dupc td chirc ban tru. den lao dicu kicn de nang cao chat lupng cham sdc va giao due tre, den vice phu huynh tham gia lao ddng, san xuat, Sd lupng giao vien mam non eua khu X ye can dupc bd sung Irong thdi gian tdi nhu sau:
Bdng 2: Ttnh hinh thiiu gido viin mdm non a cdc tinh ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long ndm hpc 2016 -2017
TT 1 2 3
Don vi An Giang Bac Lieu Ben Tre
So giao vicn hien c6 4.291 2.056 2.646
So giao vicn Ihieu can bo sung 60
163 734
."ia TAP CH(TAM LV HOC, S6' 2 (215), 2 - 2017
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ca M a u Dons Thap Ilau Giang Kien Giang Long A n Soc Trang Tien Giang Tra Vinh VTnh Long
Tdng cgng
2,822 4,103 1.634 3.495 3.624 3.249 3.021 2.126 2.732 35.799
246 0 734
0 170 297 642 619 124 3.789
Vdi so lieu bang tren cho thay, cac tinh trong viing con thieu mpt so lugng ldn giao vicn mam non (3.789 giao vien). Cac tinh thieu nhieu nhat la Ben Tre. Hau Giang (734 giao vicn); tiep den la cae tinh Tien Giang. Tra Vinh. Sdc Trang... Tinh Kien Giang, Dong Thap la dia phuong khdng thieu giao \ ien mam non.
t. Ve ngdn sdch ddu tu cho gido due mdm non
Ngoai ngan sach Nha nudc. ngan sach dia phuong ciia mpt so tinh trong vung tiep tuc dau tu cho nganh giao due lang ban so vol nam trudc nhu cac linh An Giang, Sdc Trang... va kinh phi van dpng lir cac nguon xa hpi boa ticp tuc tang. Nganh giao due da danh mpi khoan kinh phi kha ldn de phan bo cho cac trudng duy tu. sira chiJa, nang cap co sd vat chat lao dieu kien thuan lpi cho cac trudng thu nhan tre dau nam.
Nguon chi lir ngan sach cho boat dpng giao due. dao tao. boi duong tuy da dupc cai thien rat nhieu so vdi thdi gian trudc nhung khong dii dap ung yeu cau tir cac chuong trinh. dc an ldn ciia nganh nhu: Dc an Pho cap giao due mam non cho tre em 5 tuoi. chuong trinh Kicn co hda trudng Idp va nha cdng \u cho giao vien...
Thuc hien chii truong tiet kiem ehi thudng xuyen 20% trong tdng kinh phi boat dpng cung anh hudng den vice can ddi thu, chi ciia cac trudng mam non, nhat la cac don vi cd quy md nhd. Nguon thu tir xa hdi hda chua nhicu.
Thiet bi cong nghe thdng tin ciia nhieu trudng mam non dupc trang bi trudc day. qua nhieu nam sir dung, chua dupc bo sung, thay the kip thdi. Co sd vat chat tnrdng, Idp chua dap img dieu kien de md rpng quy md giao due mam non dang dat nhijng yeu cau buc xuc ciia viing.
TAP CHf TAM l y HOC, S6' 2 (215), 2 - 2017 59
d. Ve sd tnrdng dgt chudn qudc gia
Sd ttucmg mam non d cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cim Long dat chuan qudc gia dupc the hien qua bang sau:
Bdng 3: Sd tnrdng mdm non dgt chudn qudc gia & cdc tinh ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long ddu ndm hpc 2016 -2017
T T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Don v i
A n Giana Bac Lieu Ben Tre Ca Mau Dong Thap II9U Giang Kicn Giang Long A n Soc Trang Ticn Giang Tra Vinh VTnh Long
So trirong
201 88 176 131 191 85 151 209 134 188 120 129
So trirffng dat chuan quoc gia
20 42 31 57 40 45 31 96 38 29 10 29
Tx le %
9.95 53.16 17.61 43.51 21,98 52,94 20,53 45,93 31,40 15,43 8,33 22,48
Sd truimg mam non dai chuan qudc gia trong viing dupc tang len. Tinh cd tx Ip trucmg mam non dat chuan qudc gia cao nhjl la Bac Lieu: 53,16%, Hau Giang: .52,94°i).. Mdt sd tinh ed ty lc Irudng m4m non dat chuSn qudc gia dai thjp nhu Tra Vinh: 8.33%, An Giang: 9,95%.,,
So vdi cac cap hpc tieu hpc va trung hpc co sd trong vung, mam non ia cap hoc CO ly le trudng dat chuan qudc gia thap nhSt: mJiTi non chiSm ty lc 26,41%; tieu hpc chidm ty le 39,26%; trung hpc co sd chidm ty lc 36,77%,
,., Vc CO so vdt chdt cua ngdnh mdm non
Tinh trang kha phd bien cua cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cuu Long la thidu phdng hpc de md rdng quy md phat trien giao due mam non. I'ir dd, eac dja phuong da muim eo sa xiit chjl cua cae trudng phd thdng tren cimg dja ban dc- md Idp mam non.
60 TAP CHITAM LV HOC, S 6 2 (21.5). 2 - 2017
Bdng 4: Sd phdng hpc muon tgm cua cdp hpc mdm non &
cdc linh ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long ndm hoc 2016-2017
T T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
D o n X j
A n Gianp Bac Lieu Ben Tre Ca Mau Dong Thiip Hau Giang Kien Giang Long A n Soc Trang
Tien Giang Tra Vinh VTnh Long
T o n g cong
So phong hoc mu-on tam
45 38 0 316 236 0 128 47 422
59 0 86 1.377
So phong hoc miro'n tam d a n h cho m a m non
45 35 0 316 236 0 30 10 367
; 3 0 86 1.116
Theo thdng kc tir cac tinh. tinh den thang 1 2017. sd phdng hpc mupn tam trong loan viing la 1.377 phdng. Trong dd. cap hpc mam non mugnn la 1.116 phdng. chiem ty lc 81.0% so vdi long sd phdng hpc mupn tam.
Theo bao cao ciia cac tinh. linh trang nhap cu vdi nhicu tre cm trong dp tudi di hpc d khu dan cu mdi. khu che xuat. khu cdng nghiep d nhicu dia phuong da tao sire ep va tinh trang qua tai ddi vdi he thdng trudng. tdp cdng lap. nhat la trudng. Idp mam non. Ben canh dd. linh trang hdi huong ciia Vicl kieu d cac viing giap bien gidi nhu: Kicn Giang. Long An. Ddng Thap. An Giang... T hue Ic cho thay. trong dd cd rat nhieu ngudi khdng cd hd SCT. hp tjch. hp khau, gun khai sinh. gay khd khan ve nhieu mat trong cdng tac hu\ dpng tre ra Idp.
Do su lac ddng lii mai trai ciia nen kinh lc thj trudng tiep tuc lao ra nhdng (hach thirc \c dicu kien va co hpi hpc tap cho con em nhan dan. nhdt la khoang each chenh lech giua hg giau \a hd ngheo; giira thanh thi va ndng thdn: \ung
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. Sd 2 (215). 61
sau. xung \a. xung khd khan cung da anh hudng ddn cdng tac huy dpng tre. thyc hien muc tieu phd cap giao due mam non tre 5 ludi mang linh ben x'img.
Mpt sd dia phuong thieu nhan xien x te cd Irinh dp dat chuan. anh hudng den cham sdc sue khde ban dau cho tte ttong cac co sd giao due inam non.
Cap hpc Giao due mam non d cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cim Long dupc xem la vung triing cua giao due mam non ca nudc. Theo thdng ke cua Bd Giao due va Dao tao. den cudi nam hpc 2015-2016. toan vung hiix dpng xiio nha Ire"
chi dat khoang 10.6%. huy ddng tre vao hpc mau giao chi dat 75.0" n; trong khi dd.
mat bang chung ca nudc. huy dpng tte dudi 3 tudi dat tren 25.0" o x'a huy dpng tre mau giao dat tten 88.0%. Xguyen nhan la do mang ludi truimg mam non d cae linh trong khu vyc cdn kha phan tan. dien tich nhieu tririmg cdn chat hep. khd md rpng qux md; tinh ttang thieu phdng hpc cdn kha phd bien: sd phdng hpc mupn tam, hpc nhd cdn nhieu, Mdt sd linh chua bd tri du giao x ien mam non theo TTidng tu lien tjch sd OdATLT-BGDDT-BNV ngay 16 3 2015 cua Bp Giao due va Dao lao x'a Bd Npi vu: cdng lac xii hdi hda chua thu hut dupc nhicu ngudn xdn dau tu...
3. Ket luan
Bite tranh chung ve giao due mam non d cac tinh ddng bang song Cuu Long dang ddi hdi phai cd nhimg chinh sach dac thu. quan lam dau lu ngudn lyc cho cac dja phucmg trong vung. Hai ngudn lyc chinh can tap trung la con ngudi xa lai chinh. Rieng ngudn lyc lai chinh can cd sy dau lu lu ngan sach Nha nudc va huy ddng loan xa hpi dc phat Iricn giao due cua vung. Cac dia phuimg can cd chinh sach quyet liet hon nira eho giao due mam non. dae biet chu trpng ngudn lyc trong nhan dan va phat huy cac giai phap thyc hien xa hdi hda giao due.
Ngudn lye eon ngudi dang can cd co che. chinh sach rieng cho cac dja phuong cdn gap khd khan. Dc thoat khdi vung trung vc giao dye va dao tao ndi chung xii giao due mam non ndi riling, giao due va dao tao d cac tinh ddng bang sdng Ciru Long dang chd dpi Chinh phu sdm phe duyet De an phat trien giao due. dao tao xa giao due nghe nghiep vung ddng bang sdng Cuu Long giai doan 2016 - 2020.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Han Chap hanh Trung uong Dang. Xghi quyit .sd 29-\QTIV ngdy 4/11/2013 vi Ddi mdi can ban. lodn dien gido due vd diu) /oo. 2013.
2. Bd Giao due va Dao tao, Bdo cdo Idng ket 10 ndm phdt Irien gido due mam non 2016.
62 TAPCHITAMLVHOC. Sd2 (215). 2 - 2017
3. Bo Giao due va Dao tao. Bdo cdo tdng kit ndm hgc 2015 - 2016 vd phirang hirdng nhiem vu gido due mdm non ndm hgc 2016 - 201", 2016.
4. So Giao due - Dao lao Long An. Bdo cdo ket qua thuc hieu nhiem vu ndm hgc 21)15 - 2016 cita cdc Sa Gido due vd Ddo tgo vimg thi dua 6 (Ldn 2). 2016.
5. Sd Giao due va Dao tao Sdc Trang. Bdo cdo irien khai nhiem vu ddu nam hgc 2(116 - 2017 cua cum thi dua X. 2016.
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. Sd 2 (215). 2 - 2017 63
