so'5/2019 - Nam Ehtf Miifli bfih
T6A AN THANH PHO NT TRA U I DdN KH6| KIEN
VU AN DAN sir CO DUNG KHONG
Chu Thi Thanh Huang' Tom tilt: Khdi ki0n v\i dn ddn su Id mpt trong nhimg quyin ca bdn cua cd nhdn, ca quan, td chitc vd dugc phdp lual guy dinh Song viec khai kien vu dn ddn sic cita cd nhdn, ca quan, to chitc chi duuc Toa dn thu ly, gitii quyet khi ddp itng dit cdc diiu kiin do phdp ludt quy dinh Trong thdi gian qua, cdc vu dn ddn sicdd dirge Toa dn nhdn ddn thg ly gidi quyet kip thdi, bdo ddm quyin lgi ich hgp phdp ciia cdc chit thi quan hi phdp lugt. Tuy nhien, co Tda dn van cdn cd sai sot trong viic ddnh gid diiu kien thu ly vii dn ddn sie Trong bdi viet ndy, tdc gid binh ludn ddi vdi mpt vu viic cu the tic thicc liin thu ly vii dn ddn sie cua Tda dn.
Tu khoa: Khdi kien, vu dn ddn su cua Ida dn.
Nhgn bdi: 16/07/2019; Hodn thdnh biin tap: 08/08/2019; Duyet ddng: 03/09/2019.
Abstract: Filing the complaint of civil case is one ofthe basic rights of individuals, agencies, organizations and legally regulated. However, the complaint of civil case made by individuals, agencies, organizations is only considered, solved when U meets all legal requirements. Over the past time, the civil cases have been timely solved by the People court to ensure the legitimate rights and interests ofthe subjects of legal relation. However, the Court still makes mistakes in assessing the condition of solving the civil case. In this article, the author gives comments on some certain cases fi-om solving the civil cases ofthe Court in reality.
Keywords: File the complaint, the civil case ofthe court.
Date of receipt: 16/07/2019; Date of revision: 08/08/2019; Date of approval: 03/09/2019.
Phip luat bao quyln va Igi ich hgp phap ciia ca nhin, eg quan, td chffc, trong dd cd cac quyen dan sy. Chinh vt vgy, khi cic quyen din su bj xara hgi hogc cd tranh chip, c i nhan, ca quan, td chffc la chii the cua quan he phip luit deu cd quyen yeu cau nhi nudc bao ve. Khdi kien vu an din su tgi Toa an la mgt trong nhffng phuong thffe yeu ciu nha nudc bao ve quyln dan su mang tinh kha thi cao va thudng dugc cic chu the cua quan he phip luat dan su lua chpn. Bg Iuat td tung dan su da quy djnh cu the phuong thffe la co sd phap ly cho c i nhin, co quan, td chffc tbyc hien quyen khdi kien vu an din su tgi Tda in cd tham quyen yeu cau bao ve quyen va Igi fch hgp phip khi bi xim hgi hogc CO tranh chip. Song viec khdi kien vu in din su Clia ca nhin, co quan, td chffc chi dugc Tda in tbu Iy, giai quyet khi dip ffng dti cac dieu kien do phip luit quy djnh. Dilu 192 Bd luit to tung dan sy (BLTTDS) nam 2015 da quy dinh cu the dieu kien khdi kien vu an din su cua c i nhan, ca quan, td chuc. Theo do, cac dilu kien khdi kien bao gdm: (i)
dieu kien ve chii the khdi kien (ngudi khdi kien phai cd quyen khdi kien va cd dii nang luc hanb vi td tung dan sy); (ii) cd dii dieu kien khdi kien theo quy djnh ciiapbap luat; (iii) su viec chua dugc giai quyet bang bin in, quyet djnh da cd hieu lyc phap luit cua Tda in hoac quylt dinh da cd hieu lyc ciia CO quan nba nudc cd tham quyen, tru mgt so trudng hgp theo quy djnh cua phap luit; (iv) vu in phai thudc thim quyen giii quyet cua Tda an; (v) dieu kien vl hinh thffe, .ndi dung don khdi kien (theo quy djnh ciia phip luit) va tai lieu, chirng cff kem theo don khdi kien.
Sau khi xem xet, kiem tra don khdi kien va tai lieu cbung cff ngudi khdi kien nop kem theo, neu thiy dil dilu kien khdi kien, xac djnh sy viec tranh chip thudc tham quyln giai quyet, Tda in thdng bao cho ngudi khdi kien nop tien tara ffng in phi (trff trudng hgp hg khdng phii nop hoac dugc mien nop tiln tara iing an phi). Khi ngudi khdi kien nop bien lai thu tien tam ffng an phi, Tda an phai thye hien viec thy Iy vu an din su. Quy djnh cu the dieu kien
'Trung tam Lien kit ddo tgo Luat su Thuong mai Quic tc, Hpc vi^n Tuphap.
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khdi kien, thu ly vu in dan sy cua phap luat td tung din sy kbdng chi nhim bao dam cho c i nhin, co quan, td chffc thye hien dugc quyen khdi kien yeu ciu Tda in bio ve quyen Igi hgp phip va trach nhiem thy Iy, giii quyet vy in cua Tda an. Tuy nhien, thye tien thu ly vy an dan su cua Tda an cho thay do cdn su nhan thffe khdng chinh xic ve dieu kien khdi kien da din den hiu qui tit yeu la viec tra lai don khdi kien vu an dan su khdng dung phap luit. Tu dd, quyen dugc tiep can cdng Iy cua ca nhan, eg quan, td chuc khi quyen lgi hgp phip ciia hg bi xam pham khdng bao dam. Minh hga cho nhin djnh tren, tac gia xin binh luan vu viec sau:
Nguyen dan bd L khdi kien bi dan dng Tyiu cdu chia di sdn thiea ki quyen siedung ddt tgi thdn Dong, xd VP. thdnh pho NT, linh K cita bo me Id cu A, cu B de lgi. Ngicdi cd quyin lgi, nghia vu lien quan tham gia to lung trong vu dn thiea ke la dng N. Sau khi cd quyet djnh cua bdn dn sa thdm, bd L khdng cdo. Theo quyit dinh lgi bdn dn ddn su phiic thdm ciia TAND tinh K vi vu dn "Tranh chdp di sdn thica ki " giira bd L vd dng T thi ong T, dng N dugc hudng 1/3 dien lich ddt vicdn trong thica ddi cd diin tich 6 sdo 14 thudc 5 tdc lgi thdn Ddng, xd VP, thdnh pho NT, tinh K; phdn dien tich ddt cdn lgi ba L diegc hudng. Sau khi cd bdn dn phuc thdm cUa Tda dn tinh K, bd L, dng T, ong N khdng khieu ngi gidm ddc thdm. Do dng T vd dng N sinh sdng a thdnh phd nen nhd gia dinh bd L trong coi giup dien tich ddt vudn hai dng dugc chia. Ndm 2013 ong Tchil, ndm 2014 dngNchit.
Ndm 2016 gia dinh ba L dd lien hanh chat cdy cdi de xdy dimg nha a tren diin tich ddt dng T, dng N dugc chia thica ke. Ndm 2018, bd D (vg dng T) vd bd M(vg dng N) da ldm dan khdi kien ddi bd Lvd cdc thdnh vien gia dinh bd L trd lgi 1/3 diin tich ddt vudn trong thiea ddt cd dien lich 6 sdo 14 thudc 5 ldc tgi thdn Ddng, xd VP. thdnh phd NT, tinh K md dng T. dng N dugc chia di sdn thiea ke.
Bd D. bd M npp kem theo dan khdi kien bdn dn phiic thdm cua TAND linhKve vu dn "Tranh chdp di sdn thiea ke " giica nguyen dan bd L. bi dan dng T. Sau khi xem xet dan khdi kien vd tdi lieu, chimg cic kem theo Tda dn thanh phd NT, tinh K da ban hdnh thong bdo trd lgi dan kh&i kien ciia bd D, bd M. Tda dn thdnh pho NT dd dp dung diem c
Khodn 1 Diiu 192 BLTTDS ndm 2015: 'Su vjec da dugc gidi quyit bang bdn dn, quyet dinh dd c6 hieu hcc phdp lual cua Tda dn " di trd lgi dan khai kiin cita bd D, bd M.
Ciu bdi dugc dgt ra khi xem xet vy viec neu tren la: Tda an thanh phd NT da tra lai dcrn khdi kien ciia ba D, ba M vdi can cff neu tren cd dung phip luit kbdng? Lien quan din thong bao tri lgi don khdi kien cffa Tda an thanh phd NT trong vy viec tranh chip tren, chung tdi khdng trao ddi ve tit ca cac dilu kien khdi kien vu an din sy nay ma chi dl cap din dilu kien khdi kien mi Tda in thanh phd NT da ap dung dl tri lgi don khdi kien cua ba D, ba M. Theo quan diem cua chung tdi, Tda an thinh pho NT da cd sy nhim lan trong viec xic dinh quan he phap luit tranh chap khi cho ring ba D, ba M tranh chip Iai vu in thua ke da dugc giii quyet bing bin an cd hieu lyc phap lugt ciia Tda an tinh K. Vi vgy tic gii khdng ddng tinh vdi viec Toa an thanh phd NT tra Iai don khdi kien vu in din sy cua bi D, ba M. Lap luan cho khang djnh ciia chung tdi lien quan den hai vin de cin trao ddi: thff nhit, xic djnh yeu cau khdi kien cua ba D, ba M va yeu ciu khdi kien ciia ba L; thff hai: nhan dien quan he phip luat tranh chap gitra ba D, ba M vdi ba L va cac thanh vien gia dinh ba L va quan he phap lugt tranh chip gitra ba L vdi dng T.
Thie nhdt, xdc dinh yeu cdu khdi kien cita bd B, bd Mvdyeii cdu khdi kien ciia bd L.
Trong vy viec tranh chap giffa ba D, ba M vdi ba L, yeu ciu khdi kien cua ba Ba D, ba M la bugc b i L va cic thinh vien gia dinh ba L tra lai 1/3 dien tich dat vudn trong thffa dat cd dien tich 6 sio 14 thudc 5 tic tai thdn Ddng, xa VP, thanh phi NT, tinh K. Ban in dan sy phuc tham cua Tda an tinh K da xac lap quyen tai san (quyen sff dung dit) cho dng T va dng N du chua cd viec thi hinh an giao nhin dit. Thdi hieu yeu cau thi hanh an da bet thi nhffng ngudi dugc thi hanh in khdng cdn quyen yeu cau co quan thi hanh an thi hanh bin in da cd hieu lyc phip luat. Khdng phai hit thdi hieu thi hanh an thi ban an kbdng cdn gia trj phip ly v i ngudi cd quyen din su bj mit quyen dan sy.
Ong T, dng N da cd quyln sff dung 1/3 dien tfch dit vudn trong thffa dit cd dien tich 6 sao 14 thudc
So 5/2019 - Nam Ihii Mirai bon
5 tic tgi thdn Ddng, xa VP, thanh phd NT, tinh K do dugc hudng thua ke ciia bd me. Khi dng T, dng N chit, tai sin cua cac dng do ba L va cac thanh vien gia dinh ba L chiem giu, su dung trd thanh tii san chung Clia cac ddng thffa ke cua dng T, dng N.
Nhffng ngudi thffa kl cffa dng T, dng N trong dd cd ba D, ba M cd quyen khdi kien vy an din su yeu cau nhftng ngudi dang chiem giu tai sin trai phap Iuat (ba L vi nhung ngudi trong gia dinh bi L) tra Igi tai san.
Nhu vgy, yeu ciu khdi kien ciia ba D, ba M la yeu cau ddi tai san (quyen su dung 1/3 dien tich dat vudn trong thffa dat cd dien tfch 6 sao 14 thudc 5 tic tgi thdn Ddng, xa VP, thanh phd NT, tinh K).
Ba D, ba M khdng yeu ciu chia di san thffa ke cua bo me ba L, dng T va dng N. Trong kbi dd vu an thua ke da dugc Tda in giii quyet bang ban an cd hieu luc phap luit, yeu ciu cua ba L la yeu ciu chia di san thffa ke cffa bd me ba de lgi. Tff dd, cd the khang djnh yeu ciu cua ba D, ba M chua dugc giii quyet bing bit ky ban an, quylt dinh nio da cd hieu lyc phap luat cffa Tda an.
Thichai, ve quan hi phdp ludt tranh chdp giiea bd B, bd Mvdi bd L va cdc thdnh vien gia dinh bd L vd quan h? phdp ludt tranh chdp giica bd L vdi ongT
Yeu ciu khdi kien ciia ba L trong vy an da dugc Toa an nhan din tinh K giii quyet la yeu cau chia di san thffa ke cffa bo me ba de Igi. Do dd, quan he tranh chap trong vy in giffa nguyen don ba L va hi don dng T la tranh chap ve thffa ke tai san quy djnh tai Khoan 5 Dilu 26 BLTTDS nam 2015. Cdn yeu cau khdi kien ciia ba D, ba M trong vu viec tren la yeu ciu ddi quyen sff dung dat. Vi vgy, quan he phap Iuat tranh chap giua ba D, bi M vdi ba L vi cac thinh vien gia dinh ba L Ii tranh chap ddi quyln sff dung dit quy dinh tai Khoin 9 Dilu 26 BLTTDS nam 2015. Hai quan he phip Iuat nay la khac nhau. Quan he phap Iuat tranh chap thffa ke tai san giua ba L vdi dng T da dugc giai quyet bang ban an dan sy phffc tham ciia Tda an nhan dan tinh K cdn quan he phap luit tranh Chip giua ba D, ba M vdi ba L chua dugc giai quyet bang bin an, quyet dinh ciia Tda an.
Vdi nhung phan tich tren, tie gii khing djnh viec Tda in thanh phd NT, tinh K tra lal don khdi
kien vu an din sy cua ba D, ba M vdi can cff.' "Sie viic dd dicgc gidi quyit bdng bdn dn, quyit dinh da cd hiiu luc phap ludt ciia Tda dn " Ii khdng dung phip luit. Tiep can d khia canh ky nang cua Iuat su, nlu la Luit su bio ve quyln Igi cho bi D, ba M, Luit su cin tu vin cho bi D, ba M khilu nai vl viec tra Iai don khdi kien vu an din su. Kilra sat vien khi nhgn dugc thdng bio tra Igi don khdi kien ciia Tda an thanh phd NT cin ban hanh van bin kien nghj ve viec tra Iai don khdi kien. Co sd cffa viec khilu nai va kiln nghi vl viec tra lai don khdi kien la hai can cff ma tie gia da phan tich neu tren.
Ddi vdi thira phin dugc phin cdng giii quylt khieu nai, kien nghi vl viec tra Iai don khdi kien can quyet djnh nhan lai don khdi kien cua ba D, bi M va tien hanh thu ly vy an theo quy dinh ctia phap luit.
Tu vu viec tren kinh nghiem riit ra cho cac Lugt su trong thara gia tranh tung vy an dan su;
kinh doanb- thirong mai; hdn nhan va gia dinh;
lao dgng (vu in din sy) bao ve quyen lgi cho duong su; Thim phin khi giii quyet cac tranh chip dan sy; Kilm sit vien khi kilm sit viec giii quyet tranh chap dan su can phai cd ky nang xac djnh dimg yeu ciu ciia duong sy va quan he phip luat tranh chap. Diy li hai vin de cd y nghTa quan trgng trong thu Iy, giai quyet vu an dan sy. Viec xic dinh dung yeu ciu ciia duong sy va quan he phip luit tranh chap se la ca sd tbyc bien tdt cac ky nang khdi kien, thy Iy vu in dan su cung nhu thu thip tai lieu, chffng cff va ap dung luit, cac ngudn bd trg cua phap luit chinb xac. Yeu cau ciia duong su li co sd de xic dinh quan he phip luat tranh chip trong vy in. Mac dii yeu ciu ciia duong su va quan he phip luat tranh chip trong vu in dan sy cd mdi quan he vdi nhau nhung cd su khac nhau. Viec xac djnh quan be phap luit tranh chap trong vu an din sy khdng chi tren co sd yeu ciu cua duong sy ma cdn dya vao bin chat cua quan he phip lugt ndi dung da xic lip, thuc hien gitra cic chff thi quan he phap luit va quy dinh ciia phip luit.
Tren day li y kiln ciia tic gia ve mot vy viec ma Tda in da tra Igi don khdi kien vu in dan su.
Tic gia mong nhin dugc y kien trao ddi tff cic hgn dge./.
