V
ii f
E ME hlAI DO DIEN TU TROMG HANG HAI
lau nganh hang hai da phai sfl dung idt cdng cu CO ban la hai dd gidy. Hai Id gidy cflng se tilp tuc cdn thid't cho nhiing ngudi di biln trong tuong lai.
Tuy nhidn, su ra d d cua thilt bi dinh vi vd tinh GPS va su phat triin cua cdng nghd thdng tin da trd thanh cdng cu hd trg manh me cho nganh hang hai va thid't bi bai dd didn tfl da ra ddi. Ban ddu.
Thiet bi hdi dd dien td
Ihid't bi hai dd didn tfl flng dung ky thuat vi tfnh dugc sfl dung nhu la mdt cdng cu phu giup cho hai dd gia'y, nhung dan dan nd da trd thanh mdt
T.Da
phuang phap hang hai cd the thay cho hai dd gidy.
Hai dd didn tfl la the he thfl 2 cua thie't bi hai dd hang hai.
Hai dd didn tfl la thid't bi cung cdp cho n g u d di biln ban dd va cdc thdng lin hang hai, dugc hiln thi tren man hinh may vi tinh. Mdt may vi tfnh dugc kit nd'i giao didn vdi thid't bi dinh vi vd tinh hiln thi cho ngud dung vi trf tau, muc lieu va hinh anh hai dd. Su hiln thi trdn hai dd didn tfl theo he quy chid'u dia ly cho phep thi hidn vi tri tuong dd'i cua tau v d dilm ldi, dudng di va cac chudng ngai nguy hilm, tao dinh dang rat rd rang nhu trdn hai dd gidy. Trong he thd'ng thid't bi hai dd didn tu cdn cd nhirng cdng cu khac dl hiln thi hudng di, td'c do, hudng mfli, do sau va cac thdng tin hang hai
VINASHIN
khdc.
Hdi dd diln tfl hidn nay cd 2 loai:
-I- Hai dd didn tfl quit manh RNC (Raster Navigation Chart), cdn ggi la Hdi dd Raster.
-I- Hai dd didn tfl ENC (Electronic Navigation Chart), edn ggi la Hdi dd Vector
hinh. Nhung hai dd Raster khac v d hai dd Vector d chd, cdc yd'u td dac trung cua hai dd khdng thi dugc lua chgn hay cho an theo y mud'n eua ngud sfl dung.
Tuy nhidn, hai dd Raster khdng dugc cdng nhan sfl dung theo tidu chuan SOLAS, nghia la
HAI DO RASTER
Hai dd Raster la mdt ban sao chip cua hdi dd gidy. Khai nidm don gidn thi dd la hai dd gidy nhung dugc quit bdng may quit dl cd dugc hinh anh didn tfl cua hai dd gidy va cd thi xem dugc trdn man hinh. Cac thdng tin in tren hai dd gidy dugc chuyin tai lln man hinh may tinh. Vi vay, vi tri dia ly cua dd'i tugng trin man hinh trflng hgp vd cac dac trung trin thuc dia cua chung nhu trdn hai dd gidy.
Trdn hdi dd Raster, vi tri tau dugc xdc dinh bdng thid't bi dinh vi ve linh cung dugc cap nhat lidn tuc. Cac thdng tin phu trg khdc nhu hudng, diem hen, cu ly diu ed the nhan dugc trdn man
khdng dugc sfl dung thay hoan toan hdi dd gidy.
Nudc Anh hidn tai xudt ban 2800 hai dd dud dang Raster mang ki hidu ASCS, dam bao chdt lugng va do chfnh xde nhu hai dd gidy. O My cung xudt ban hai dd dud dang Raster mang kf hidu NOAA. Ngoai ra cd nhilu qud'c gia cung xudt ban hai dd Raster v d chdt lugng khdc nhau dl luu hdnh trdn thi gid.
HAI DO VECTOR
Hai dd Vector khdng chfla dung nhung hinh anh dan gian cua hai dd gia'y. Nd dugc cdu thanh bdi cac dfl Udu nhu cac thdng tin ehi tilt vl dia, thuy van cho khu vuc bao phu trdn hai dd. Hinh anh hdi dd vector hien thi toan bd chi tilt chua cd
30
o ~:::^?^
TI
VINASHIN
trong CO sd dfl lieu thdng qua cdc dilm, dudng va khu vue ridng bidt trdn hai dd.
Cac dfl lieu vl vl dia, thuy van cua hai dd Vector diu duge Idy true tid'p tfl cac nha xuat ban hai dd gidy tuong flng. Thdng thudng, hai dd Vector do co quan nha nudc phat hanh dugc thuc hidn bang each tham khao cae sd lidu quan trdc gd'c va cd bd sung nhflng chi tid't khdng cd trdn hai dd gidy, thf du nhu thdm cdc dudng dang sau hoac chat lugng va dd chfnh xdc cua cac thdng tin. Vi nhiing ly do dd ma vide c h i tao hai dd Vector can nhilu edng sfle va t h d gian hon hai dd giay rdt nhilu.
Cdc dfl lieu trdn hai dd Vector chfla nhilu thdng tin ban trdn hai dd gidy. Ngodi ra, trdn hai dd Vector cdn cd nhung thdng tin bd sung nhu chdt lugng dfl Udu, ngudn gd'c dfl lieu hoac nhiing chi tid't hd trg hang hai nhu hinh anh cac hai dang, phao tidu.
Vi trdn hai dd vector, cdc dfl lieu dugc dua vao may v d nhilu ldp khac nhau nen hai dd Vector cd thi hiln thi thdng tin theo ydu edu eua ngud sfl dung. Cdc mau sde va kf hidu khdc nhau cung duge sfl dung de bilu thi cac thdng tin khde nhau, lam ndi bat nhiing thdng tin quan trgng, giup cho vide dgc hdi dd don gian va dd dang.
H | THONG H l i N THj HAI DO DIEN TLT ECDIS
D l hiln thi he thd'ng hai dd didn tfl trdn man hinh n g u d ta edn sfl dung mdt he thd'ng hiln thi dugc ggi Id He thd'ng hiln thi hai dd didn tfl
ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display Information System).
ECDIS la mdt he thd'ng thdng tin tdng hgp dua trdn CO sd ky thuat may vi tfnh va sfl dung dfl lieu cua hai dd didn tfl, kit hgp v d cac phdn cflng va phdn mim dl hiln thi ddng t h d hai dd va vi tri tau dl thuc hidn cac tdc nghidp hang hai nhu xdc dinh vi tri, lap k l hoach hanh trinh, kilm soat quang dudng, do khoang each, tfnh phuong vi trdn hdi dd V..V. Nhd cd ECDIS ma cdng vide lap k l hoach hanh trinh va kilm soat tuyd'n dudng, canh bao mdc can, Ideh dudng v..v dugc thuc hidn mdt cdch nhanh chdng va thuan lgi ngay trdn hai dd didn tfl.
He thd'ng hiln thi hai dd didn tfl ECDIS da dugc IMO chfnh thflc cdng nhan dl sfl dung thay cho hai dd gidy.
Hai dd didn tfl ENC (hai dd Vector) sfl dung trong he thd'ng ECDIS dugc cac co quan thuy van hoac cdc td chfle dugc nha nudc cho phep phat hanh chfnh thflc. Do la loai hai dd dugc c h i tao rdt ty my va dugc kilm sodt nghiem ngat.
NHIJNG THONG TIN CO BAN H | £ N THj TREN HAI DO DIEN TLT
- Dudng viln bd biln - Do sau an loan cho tau - Cac chudng ngai nguy hilm
- Cac dudng ngan each trong he thd'ng phdn ludng giao thdng
- Cdc muc lieu hang hai ed dinh va phao tidu - Dudng hanh hai
- Cdc ghi chu va canh bao v..v.
