TANG CUONG HdPTACQUOCTEDAPLTNG YEU CAU HOI NHAP CUA NGANH KINH TE HANG HAI
Nguyen Thj Thdm*
Tom tdt
Bdi bdo de cap tdi vdn di tang cUdng hdp tdc quae tevd nhdng ldi ich md hdp tdc quoe ti dem lai cho cdc quoc gia trin thi gidi, nhdt la tren Unh vUc kinh te trong do cd Viet Nam.
Trong sd cdc ngdnh cd tdc do tdng trUdng nhanh vd thu hut dUdc nhiiu nguon vdn td bin ngodi nhd vdo hdp tdc vd ddu tU quoc te, phdi ke din ngdnh Hdng hdi. Ddy la mot trong nhdng ngdnh doi hoi phdi cd nguon von ldn, cong nghe hien dai vd kinh nghiim de phdt triin. Chinh vi vay, hdp tdc quoc tedd gidp cho ngdnh Hdng hdi Viet Nam noi chung vd ngdnh Kinh ti hdng hdi ndi riing cd cd hdi de phdt trien vd vUdn len ngang tdm vdi cdc nddc co kinh nghiim phdt trien kinh te hdng hdi trin the gidi. Dong thdi, tdng cUdng hdp tdc vdi To chdc Hdng hdi thi gidi IMO trong viec ki kit, tham gia vd thUe hien cdc dieu khoan dd dUdc kigiUa Bg GTVT Viet Nam vdi Bg GTVT cua cdc nUdc trong khu vUc vd tren thi gidi, giUa Cue HHVN vdi T6 chdc Hdng hdi thi gidi IMO...
Tiikhod: hdp tdc quoc ti, kinh tehdnghdi, hdng hdi VietNam.
M d D A U
Hdp tae quoc te (HTQT) dang li mdt xu thi cua thdi dai ngay nay, khi m i eae nfldc trong khu vflc va trln the gidi dang liln ket vdi nhau de phat trien Idnh te, on dinh ehinh tri, xahdi... Trong nginh Kinh t l hang hai (KTHH)
cung vay, HTQT tao ra nhiing dieu Iden quan trpng giup Viet Nam vfla cd the khai thac hieu qua mpi tiem nang, ldi the eua bien, vfla tao ra nhflng nhan td gdp phan tich cdc bao ve chii quyIn, Idi ich qude gia va gifl vflng hoi binh, dn dinh trln bi^n.
1. Xu the hcrp tac quoc te trong phat trien kinh te hang hai HTQT dang la mdt xu the trong thdi dai ngiy nay khi ma cac nfldc trong khu vflc va trln thi gidi dang liln ket vdi nhau de phat trien kinh tl, dn dinh chinh tri, xa hpi. De phat trien KTHH, Viet Nam da sdm y thflc dfldc dilu do khi trd thinh thanh vien ehinh thflc eua cac td chflc qudc te.
La mdt qude gia cd dfldng bd bien dii vdi hdn 3.260km, Viet Nam ludn y thflc dfldc vi the va tiem nang to Idn ma bien dem lai cho minh. Bang ehflng la, nam 2007, Hdi nghi Trung fldng lan thfl tfl, khoa X lan dau tien Dang Cong sin Vilt Nam da dfla ra: Chien Ifldc bien Viet Nam den nam 2020, trong dd nhan manh den vi tri then chdt cua KTHH trong chi^n hicfc kinh te biln. KTHH dflde flu tiln thfl hai trong thfl tfl phat trien ldnh te bien, chi dflng sau khai thac, che bien dau khi (dflng tren khai thac va che bien hai san; du lich bien vi idnh te hai dao; xay dflng cac khu kinh te, cac khu cdng nghiep tap trung vi khu che xuat ven biln gan vdi phat trien eae khu dd thj ven biln). Van tai bien dflde eoi li mdt trong nhflng nganh dich vu miii nhpn va ' TS., Dai hpc Giao thong vin tai
TAP CHl KHOA HOr Vnl
trfldc mat cimg vdi cdng nghiip ddng tau can dfldc tap trung dau tfl phat triln.
Tai Thdng bao sd 188-TB/TW ngiy 07 /10/2008 ciia Ban Bi thfl Trung fldng Dang, nginh KTHH cung dfldc yeu cau tap trung dSu tfl xay dflng nhanh cd sd ha tang mdt sd cang biln hien dai, ddng thdi phat trien ddng bd kit cau ha tang sau cing; xiy dflng cac nha may ddng tiu vi sfla ehfla tiu bien, phat trien nhanh, manh dpi tau biln Viet Nam theo quy hoaeh da dflde phi duyet; td chflc phat trien hieu qua van tai bien trong xu the hoi nhap.
Trong do, xac dinh nhilm vu hdp tae qude te trong linh vfle hing hai cd y nghia rat quan trpng, giup cho nganh Hang hai ndi rieng vi nganh Giao thdng van tii (GTVT) ndi chung cd thIm ngudn Ifle bin ngoii de dau hi phat trien, nhat Ii phat trien ket eau ha ting. Dieu dd da dfldc the hien rd nit trong hing loat eae van ban ki kit vi hdp tic gifla Bd GTVT Viet Nam vdi Bd GTVT cae nflde trong khu vflc va tren the gidi. Cu thi nhfl viec ki ket cae biln ban ghi nhd gifla Cue Hang hai Viet Nam (HHVN) vdi Td chflc Hang hai the gidi IMO nham dem lai ldi ieh eao nhat vl cac hoat ddng hang hii cho nfldc ta.
Hien tai, nen KTHH nfldc ta do edn nhilu ban che, bat cap. Den nay, Viet Nam vin dang bi danh gia Ii mdt trong nhflng nfldc cd trinh dp phat triln KTHH dang cdn nhilu yeu kem trong khu vfle. Trong so cac nginh:
van tai biln, dich vu hing hai, cdng nghiip ddng tau ehfla mdt nginh nao tan dung ditdc het tiem nang cua mdt qudc gia ven bien cd nhilu ldi the nhfl Viet Nam. Tdng gia tri kinh t l thu tfl biln cho din nay ehi ehiem 12%
GDP, cdn rit xa mdi dat tdi mflc tren 50%
nhfl "Chien Ifldc bien Viet Nam din nam 2020" de ra, trong dd KTHH ehfla dfldc coi la nganh kinh t l miii nhpn. Neu so sanh vdi mdt
so nfldc trong khu vflc, gia tri boat ddng KTHH Vilt Nam chi bang 24% ciia Trung Qudc va 1% cua ISIhat Bin^
NhQng khd khan chu ylu hiin nay mi Vilt Nam dang gap phai la: thilu tfl duy kinh t l biln trong quan li vi md; sfl han che ve khoa hpc edng nghe trong phat trien KTHH, d|c bilt la nganh Cdng nghiep ddng tau cung nhil cae hoat dpng trong nganh Van tai bien. Mpt thfle te la nhieu vung biln trong khu vflc dang bi tranh chap, gay khd khan eho chien lu^c khai thac biln cua Viet Nam hien nay, trong dd nganh KTHH eiing gap rit nhieu kho khan, phflc tap. Vi thi, hdp tac qudc te trong linh vflc hang hai la chia khoa de phat trien KTHH, ddng thdi gdp phan ban che tranh chap, tien tdi xay dflng kinh te bien d mflc cao hdn theo hfldng hiin dai. Trln thflc tl, KTHH ed hai nhan td cd ban la hop tdc quoc te cimg khai thac bien va han chi tranh chap bang con dfldng hdp tic qude t l thi hien nay ci hai nhin td dd ehfla dfldc the hien rd net trong nln KTHH cua nfldc ta.
Linh vflc KTHH (ddng tau, van tai bien vi dich vu cing biln) li nhflng nganh kinh tl thfldng ed tinh qude t l eao, bdi vi cac con dfldng giao thdng trln biln chu ylu la di ra quoe te, van tai ndi dia chilm ti trpng nho;
cdng nghiip ddng tiu eiing ddi hdi cao vi khoa hpe cdng nghi, von va nang Ii;(c tii ehinh, nang liic quan H; cae dieh vu cang bien cung can cac yeu td hdp tac qude t l mdi c6 kha nang phat trien tieh cflc. Trong khi vung bien Viet Nam tiep giap vdi nhilu nflde va la ndi giao thfldng thuan tiln nhat vdi con dfldng hang hai qudc te. Neu nhfl chung ta
' Cyc Hkng hii ViSt Nam (2014), Bdo cdo tSng IcSt cdng tdc ndm 2013 vd triSn khai nhiim vu ndm 2014, [tr.3].
A l t I TRl/dNG DAI HOC H A I PHdhJG
chim md rdng hdp tac qudc te, kinh te biln Viet Nam trong dd cd KTHH se ngflng tr?.
Khi quan he qude te dfldc md rdng, KTHH se phat trien cao, giai quylt dfldc thoa dang eae van de tranh chap vl biln d Bien Ddng, khai thac va tiiu thu cac san phim ddng tau, eae dieh vu tfl cang bien vi thuc day nganh Van tai biln phat triln. Hiin nay, Viet Nam dang cd gang ddi mdi cac chinh sach dl thu hut ngudn vdn dau tfl FDI, thfldng mai va hai quan vao trong nflde. Nginh edng nghiip quan trpng hing dau phii dfldc md cfla vi thu hut vdn FDI la cdng nghiip ddng tau. Chung ta can khai thae tdi flu ldi thi vl nhilu cing, lao dpng re... Chinh dilu dd m i mdt sd nfldc phat trien mudn chuyin dieh cdng nghe ddng tiu sang Viet Nam.
2. ChO tri/tfng htfp tac quoc te trong imh viTc hang hai cua Viet Nam Quan trilt dfldng Idi ddi ngoai dpc lap, tfl chu cua Dang vi Nha nfldc ta, hcfp tac qudc te ciia nginh Hing hai khdng ngflng dfldc md rdng, uy tin efla nganh trln binh diln qudc t l tflng bfldc dfldc nang cao, thfldng xuyen tiep nhan nhflng khuyin cao vi gdi y cua Td chflc hang hai qudc tl.
Nam tren mpt trong nhflng tuyin giao thdng hang hai tap nap nhat the gidi, Viet Nam da chu ddng va tieh cile tham gia vio cic hoat ddng hpfp tac trong linh vflc hang hii.
Den nay, Vilt Nam da la thinh viln cua 20 dilu flde qudc te vl Knh vflc giao thdng hang hai eua Td chflc Hing hai qudc t l IMO nhfl:
Cdng fldc vl To chflc Hang hai qude t l 1948, Nghi dinh thfl sfla ddi 1988 sfla ddi Cdng fldc qudc te ve an toan sinh mang con ngitdi tren bien, Cdng fldc qude te ve tim kiem vi eflu nan hing hii 1979, Nghi dinh thfl ngan ngfla cac hanh vi bat hdp phap chdng lai an toan
hing hii ddi vdi cac gian khoan ed dinh d them luc dia 1988.
Nham hd trd dpi ngii lao ddng cua Viet Nam tham gia vio linh vfle dich vu hang hai qudc tl, Vilt Nam eung d l ki ket thoa thuan edng nhin giSy ehflng nhan kha nang chuyen mdn cho thuyin viln theo tieu chuan STCW 78/95 vdi 24 qudc gia vi viing lanh thd nhfl Singapore, H i Lan, Nga, An Dp... Ben eanh do, Viet Nam ciing thuc day dich vu vin chuyin hang hai phat trien thdng qua viec kl kit hilp dinh van tai biln vdi 23 qudc gia vi vung lanh thd nhfl Nga, Dflc, Han Qudc, Trung Qudc... Ddng thdi, Viet Nam eiing chii trpng ning c5p, phat triln cic cang bien va cung cap cac dich vu hang hii qudc te nhfl cac djch vu van tai da phfldng thflc, dich vu hgiu can, dieh vu lai dat tiu biln vi dieh vu mdi gidi hing hai. Vilt Nam da va dang tham gia 12 cdng fldc quoc t l vl hing hai va Cdng fldc qudc t l cua Liln hdp qudc nam 1982 ve Luat biln (UNCLOS 1982); da ki ket 17 Hiep djnh hing hii vi mdt sd thoa thuan khac vdi cac td chflc qudc te va cae nfldc tren the gidi; Vilt Nam da thiic hien tdt eae dieu fldc cfla qudc t l ve hang hai m i Viet Nam d i gia nhip, trong do dang chu ^ Cdng fldc quoc t l cua Td chflc Hang hai qude t l IMO vl Tieu chuan dao tao, cap chflng ehi va di ca cua thuyen viln (STCW-78 vi sfla ddi nam 1995); Thoa thu^n Tokyo ve kiem soat nhi nfldc tai cing (Tokyo MOU); cac Hiep dinh cua ASEAN vl van tai va dieh vu, die biet li Hiep dinh khung ASEAN vl dieh vu^ Ddng thdi, da chi dao nganh Hang hai trien khai thfle hiin dung tiln dp vl thoa thuin Viet Nam ~ Lao trong khai thac va sfl dung cang Vung Ang - Ha Tinh; td chflc thflc hiin tdt nhflng thoa thuan trong
' Cyc Hing hSi Viet Nam (2005), Hitng hdi Viet Nam thinh tau vd phdt triin, tr.20.
Nghi dinh thfl hang hii m i Viet Nam da Id kit vdi cic nfldc va td chflc phi ehinh phu; tieh efle dim phan vi thoa thuan ve hoat ddng hing hai vdi Hoa Ky, Nga, Singapore, Nhat Bin, Myanma, Lao'.
Nganh edn phoi hdp vdi ehuyen gia cae nflde nhfl Nhat Ban, Cpng Hoa Lien Bang Dflc, Vfldng qudc H i Lan, Bi, IMO to chflc cac cudc hdi thao khoa hpc ve quan li an toin cang bien; ve hiin dai hoa he thdng khai thac va xip dd hang hoa tai cae cing bien Viet Nam; ve van tai da phfldng thflc va logistics;
ve cdng cu danh gia rui ro; an ninh cang bien (PSRAT); cdng fldc ve kiem soat he thdng chdng ha dde hai eho tiu biln, 2001 (AFS2001). Chu dpng tham mflu trien khai hiiu qui boat ddng hdp tic qudc te tren mpi linh vflc vdi IMO, ASEAN, APEC va mpt sd td chflc chuyin mdn khae nhfl Tokyo, MOU, lALA, APHOMSA. Ddng thdi, tieh efle nghien cflu, hpc hdi kinh nghiim vi ehuan bi xay dflng de an Viet Nam tranh cfl vio nhdm C, Hdi ddng IMOl
Trong hdi nhap kinh te qudc te, Cue HHVN da tham dfl va trien khai ndi dung, yeu cau eua cac cuoc hpp nhdm cong tac giao thdng hing hii ASEAN (MTWG), Hdi nghi quan ehfle cap eao ASEAN (STOM); Hdi nghi Bd trfldng GTVT ASEAN (ATM); dam bao thanh edng eua qudc gia dilu phdi doi vdi cac dfl an thude Id trinh hdi nhip va nang cao tinh eanh tranh hang hai ASEAN, chfldng trinh hanh ddng Brunei (BAP). Tham gia vi trien khai cae hoat ddng cua nhdm edng tie hang hai APEC; tieu nhdm cdng tie an ninh hang
hai va Hdi ddng mang lildi dich vu cang bien APEC (APSN).
Trien khai childng trinh hdp tac vdi APEC ve hd trd thflc hien Bd luat qude tl ve an ninh tiu va ben cang (Bd luat ISPS). Tfl nam 2006, Cue HHVN vi ca quan Phdng ve bd biln Hoa Ky (USCG) da trao ddi cac doan cdng tac de trao ddi kinh nghiem, bien phap trien khai Bd luat ISPS tai cang biln theo cO che luin phien hang nam. Nam 2013, Cue HHVN da tham mflu cho Chinh phu ki Hiep dinh hing hai song phfldng vdi An Dp, ki tat Hiep dinh hing hii vdi Xu Dang',
Nhfl vay, Viet Nam da ki hiep dinh van tai biln song phfldng vdi 24 qude gia, Viet Nam cung da phi chuSn Cdng ddc Lao ddng hang hii nam 2006 (MLC) dflde Td chflc Lao dong quoc t l (ILO) thdng qua tai Thuy Sy vi chinh thflc cd hieu lflc tfl ngay 20-8-2013. Cdng fldc MLC eung vdi ba cdng fldc cua Td chflc Hang hai quoc te IMO trfldc dd ve an toan, an ninh hang hai va phdng ngfla d nhiem mdi tnidng, trd thinh bdn tru cot eiia phap luat hang hai qudc tl, dfldc 65 qudc gia thinh vien ILO (trong dd cd Viet Nam) phe chuIn, tao nln nen tang phap li cho hoat dpng van tai bien trong the ki XXI.
Ve thoa thuan qude tl, Vilt Nam da ki f dinh thfl hdp tie giai doan 2014-2016 vdi Bp Giao thdng edng chinh vimg Flanders (BI).
Triln khai ndi dung, ylu cau hdp tae va hpp tae bang hai vdi khdi ASEAN, da dflde ket luan tai cac cudc hpp; Nhom cdng tac giao thdng hang hai ASEAN (MTWG) vi cac hpi nghi Bd trfldng, quan chflc cap eao GTVT ASEAN (STOM); cac dien dan ve Tim kilm cflu nan; Ke hoach ehiln Ifldc hdp tac GTVT ' Cue Hing hai Viet Nam (2012), Bdo cdo tong ket
cdng tdc ndm 2011 vd trien khai nhiim vu tidm 2012, tr.3.
* Cue King hai Viet Nam (2005), Hdng hdi Viit Nam thdnh tUu vd phdt triin, tr.25.
' Cue Hing hii Viet Nam (2014). Bdo cdo tongkit cdng tdc ndm 2013 vd trien khai nhi$m vu ndm 2014,
70 I Tfil/dNGOAIHOC HAl PHdNG
ASEAN, ASEAN - Trung Qudc; eae nhi lanh dao STOM ASEAN - Nhat Bin... Doi vdi khdi APEC; Tham gia vi trien khai cac hoat dpng cua Nhdm cdng tie hing hai APEC (TPT - WG); Hdi ddng mang Ifldi dieh vu cing biln APEC (APSN)... Ddi vdi td chflc IMO: Hoan thien Dl an Vilt Nam tranh cfl trd thanh thinh viln Hdi ddng IMO, Nhdm C va tham dfl cudc hop ciia Uy ban hdp tac ki diuit Ian thfl 63 eua IMO (7/2013)'.
Bin canh dd, quan he hdp tie trong linh vflc hing hai vdi Hoa Ky tilp tue dfldc tang cfldng. Phia Viet Nam thiidng xuyIn cfl cae doan san Hoa K'J' d l ki kit cac bin hdp tie trong phat triln KTHH.
Hdp tac qudc te ndi chung va trong linh vflc hang hai ndi rieng da dem lai rat nhieu cd hdi nhflng ciing khdng it nhflng thach thfle eho Viet Nam, nhiing dilm m?nh, dilm ylu cua Viet Nam vl hdp tie qudc t l trong linh vflc hang hii da dfldc thi hien thdng qua vile Viet Nam thdng qua cac cam kit cua Cdng fldc qudc tl, cung td chflc Hang hii the gidi IMO hoan thiln dl an di Viet Nam nhanh chdng trd thanh thinh viln eiia nhdm niy, trong dd:
Thi manh eda Viet Nam trong hdp tde quoc te\h: Viet Nam ed vi tri dia kinh tl, dia ehinh tri rit thuan ldi d trong khu vflc, nam d nga ba cua Biln Ddng, ndi giao thoa gifla van hoa phfldng Ddng va van hoa phfldng Tay, vi vay day dfldc cdi la con dfldng ngan nhat va la tuyin hang hai nhdn nhip thfl hai trln the gidi sau Dai Trung Hai. Ngoii ra, biln edn la cfla ngd d l giup Viet Nam md cua, giao thao vi hpi nhap vdi t h i gidi bin ngoii. Cho nen, day manh hdp tac quoc t l trong Iinh vflc hang hii
' Cue Hing hai Viet Nam (2014), Bdo cdo tSng ket cong tdc nam 2013 vd trien khai nhiim vu ndm 2014, tr.lO.
CO y nghia sdng cdn ddi vdi mdt qudc gia biln nhfl Viet Nam.
Trong nhflng nam qua. Ding vi Nhi nfldc Vilt Nam da y thflc dfldc tam quan trpng eua bien va viec hdp tic qude t l trong l!nh vile hang hai se giup cho Vi^t Nam nhanh chdng hdi nhap vdi khu viic vi the gidi, la dilu kiln can thiet d l giiip Viet Nam thiic hien thanh cdng sfl nghiip ddi mdi vi xay dflng dit midc hien nay.
Hdn het hien nay, nhflng nginh trong linh vfle hang hai dang dfldc nhi nflde Vilt Nam rSt chu trpng va bao hd vdi nhflng chinh sich hd trd vi flu dai nham tao dieu kien tot nhat cho nginh niy phit trien mpt each thuan ldi. Trong sd do, da cd mdt sd cdng ty, doanh nghiep hoat ddng vi kinh doanh trong linh vfle hang hai nhfl ddng tau, van tai bien, da vfldn xa vi liln doanh, hen kit vdi cac ddi tae nflde ngoai dl thu hflt ngudn vdn, trinh dd khoa hpc cdng nghi vi quan trpng nhit la hpe hdi dfldc kinh nghiem trong quan li cua cac ddi tac. Sfl hdp tie niy, da giup cho cac doanh nghiep cua Viet Nam trfldng thinh hon va cd cd hdi de vfldn xa dau tfl ra ngoii nfldc.
Diem yiu cua Viet Nam trong hdp tdc qudc ti]k: Mae du dflde eoi Ii mot qudc gia biln vi cd truyen thdng trong khai thae cic nginh, nghe tfl biln, nhflng trong tfl duy efla ngfldi Viet, van la khai thac theo Idi truyin thdng, tflc tfl duy khai thac tren can. Chinh dilu dd, da lam ban che viec khai thac va phit triln nhflng nganh, nghe cd Hen quan din bien, trong do cd nhflng nginh thupc Knh vflc hang hai.
Ben canh dd, Viet Nam da khdng kip thdi ddn bat dfldc nhflng xu the phat triln mdi nhSt cua thi gidi trong Hnh vflc hang hai, cham ddi mdi, khd chap nhan sfl thay ddi da tflng dien ra trong mdt thdi gian dii, dilu dd
da lim cho nganh Hang hai tut hiu so vdi eae qudc gia bien trong khu vflc vi tren thi gidi.
Chinh vi vay, hdp tac qudc te trong Knh vflc hang hai vdi cac qudc gia bien trong khu vflc va tren the gidi da khdng dfldc tang cfldng vi giao lflu, hdp tac thfldng xuyln.
Dl phat trien kinh te hing hai, Viet Nam can cd mdt ngudn lao ddng ddi dio, cd trinh dp va dac bilt l i phii am hieu vl luat trong dd ed lu^it biln. Tuy nhien hien nay, ngudn lao ddng Viet Nam lam vile trong linh vfle hang hai van cdn thilu va ylu vl trinh do, ngoai ngfl vi luat phap qude te, chi cd mdt sd it lao ddng lim vile trong cac cdng ty cua nifdc ngoai dap flng dfldc nhiing ylu cau khat khe cua nganh nay, day eiing li ban chi khi Viet Nam ngiy cang tham gia hdi nhap qudc tl.
3. Mot so giai phap nang cao chat lUtfng htfp tac quoc te trong phat trien kinh te hang hai
Vdi chu trfldng ciia Ding vi Nhi nflde, Viet Nam phai trd thanh qudc gia manh vl biln, lim giau tfl bien. Trdng bdi canh hdi nhip qude te vi khu vfle, Viet Nam can no lflc chuan bi mpi mat, tranh thu thdi cd, day m^nh hdp tac qudc te, thu hflt ngudn Inc d l phat triln mdt nen KTHH vdn cd nhilu ldi thi tfl mpt qudc gia biln. Trong dd chii trpng cac ndi dung sau:
- Mdt la, tich cflc md efla hdp tac trong cic linh vflc nghiin cflu khoa hpc biln, cang biln, nhat Ii ve cdng nghiep ddng tau. Thu hut manh cae ngudn lflc bin ngoai dau tfl nhanh cho vile xay diing 2 cang bien ldn (giai doan 1) cua dat nfldc li Cang trung chuyen qudc te Vin Phong (Khanh Hoi) va Cang cfla ngd qude te Hii Phong; ddng mdi cac dpi tiu ed trpng tai eao, lam tiln de cho vile dau tfl xay dflng cac cing bien qudc tl, hien dai ve edng nghe khai thie cang vi quin H cing...
Dieu nay cung phu hdp vdi tinh hinh dat nfldc hiin nay dang can kieh cau dl dn dinh tang trfldng vi chuan bi san sang sau vai ba nam nfla khi nen kinh te dat nflde se bfldc vio giai doan tang tnidng mdi.
- Hai la, tiep tue xay dflng cic thi ehe luat phip trong midc vl KTHH sao cho phii hc(p vdi thflc tiln vi thdng le, tap quan hing hai qudc te. De cd the hdp tie quoe t l trong linh viic hing hai ed hiiu qui thi dilu kien thiet ylu Ii nhi nfldc phii cd tfl duy kinh te va trinh dp quin Ii tfldng flng. Mdt thi du thflc tien ma chung ta cd the nghien cflu vi hpc tap la Thuy Si. Dat nUde nhd be nay khdng eo bien nhflng da dflng thfl 5 the gidi vl van tai trln biln.
Bin eanh dd, Vilt Nam cung can khac phue nhflng tdn tai trong mdi quan he hpp tac vdi cic nflde do eae chinh saeh vi luat phap ehfla phu hdp vdi thdng 11 qude te. Trfldc mat, can ip dung nhflng md hinh hdp tie thinh cdng dang cd vdi Trung Qudc, Malaysia, Philippines, Nhat Ban trln cac Knh vflc cang biln, ddng tiu, van tii biln; xiy dflng cd s6 luat phap vflng chac d l thflc hiin tdt chinh sach ddi ngoai ddc lap, tfl chu, ddi bin cimg cd ldi. Cac ca quan quan li nha nfldc ed lien quan can to chflc kiem tra va danh gii ngay tinh hinh boat ddng cua nginh KTHH, nhat la ddi vdi cae doanh nghiep ddng tau trong thdi gian qua, cd bien phap khac phue nhflng hau qui vi thilt hai vl kinh te efla cic doanh nghiip Cling nhfl cic td chflc tin dung va ngan hang nfldc ngoai eho vay, lay Iai niem tin eua ddi tac li nflde ngoai.
- Ba Id, tiep tue nang cao chat lfldng ngudn nhan lflc nginh KTHH, chu trpng bdi dfldng nang lflc cdng tie quan li, kha nang hap tae, giao tilp trong qua trinh hdi nhip;
ehu trpng hdn nfla vile dau tfl cd sd vat chat
7 2 I TRfldNGDAIHOCHAlPHdNG
eho khau thflc hanh nghi di biln; eoi trpng nhflng mdn hoc cd liln quan den van hoi nghi, luat phap qudc te, ngoai ngfl, phii dfldc de cao li nhflng mdn hpc bat budc trong cac Id thi ddi vdi sinh viln hing hai va tuyen dung nhin Iflc cho nganh Hing hii. Ddng thdi, li nhflng tieu chuan bat bude de danh gia nang liic cua ngfldi hpc trong cac trfldng dao tao cho nganh KTHH.
- Bon Id, chu trpng xay dflng va dau tfl ed sd ha tang nham tao dieu kien thuan Idi eho hdp tie qude tl. Chu trgng xay dflng thfldng hiiu biln, thfldng hieu hang hai Viet Nam tfl thi manh dia li, thiln nhiln, van hoa, xa hdi, con ngfldi Viet Nam, nham ning cao, quang ba hinh anh vimg biln, tiem nang ldi thi cua nganh Hing hai giau tiem nang cua Viet Nam vdi ban bl quoc tl.
Hdp tac qudc te trong linh vflc KTHH cd y nghia ngiy cing to Idn, tao ra nhflng dieu kien quan trpng giiip Viet Nam vfla cd the khai thac hieu qua mpi tilm nang, ldi thi cua biln, vfla tao ra nhflng nhin td gdp phan tich efle bao ve chu quyIn, ldi ich qude gia va gifl vflng hoa binh, dn dinh trln biln. Cho din nay, cac boat ddng hdp tic qude t l ve KTHH, da tao ra thi dan cii ve Idi ich gifla Viet Nam vdi cac nflde ben ngoii. Dieu dd, gdp phan tao dilu kiln cho Viet Nam tang cfldng the vi Iflc xay dflng nginh KTHH phat trien, gdp phan bio ve vflng chac chu quyen bien, dio cua Td qude./.
T A I LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Bd Giao thong van tii (2008), ChUdng
trinh hdnh dgng thUc hien Nghi quyit Hgi nghi ldn thd 4 Ban chdp hdnh Trung Udng Ddng khod X ve Chiin lUdc bien Viit Nam din ndm 2020, Ha Ndi.
[2] Cue Hang hii Vilt Nam (2012), Bdo edo tong kit edng tdc ndm 2011 vd trien khai nhiim vu ndm 2012. H i Ndi.
[3] Cue Hing hii Viet Nam (2014), Bdo cdo tang kit cong tdc ndm 2013 vd triin khai nhiem vu ndm 2014, H i Ndi.
[4] Cue Hing hii Viet Nam (2015), Bdo edo tSng kit cong tde ndm 2014 vd trii'n khai nhiim vu ndm 2015, H i Ndi.
STRENGTHEN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION TO MEET THE REQUIREMENTS OF INTEGRATION IN
THE FIELD OF MARITIME ECONOMY Abstract. The article refers to issues strengthened international cooperation and the benefits that international cooperation ^ves countries around the world, especially in the economic sphere, including Vietnam. Among the sectors with hi^ growth rate and attract more capital from outside thanks to the cooperation and international investors, not to mention tiie Maritime sector. This is one of the industry requires huge capital modem technology and eyperience to develop. Therefore, international cooperation ftas helped Vietnam Maritime sector in general and maritime economic sectors in particular have the opportunity to develop and grow on a par with countries experienced economic devebpment in (fte maritime world. At the same time, stren^hen cooperation with the Wodd Maritime Organization IMO in signing joining and implementing the terms have been signed between the Ministry of Transport Ministry of Transport of Vietnam widi other countries in the reffon and the world, between VINAMARINE the world Maritime Organization IMO,...
Keywords: international cooperation, maritime economy, maritime Vietnam.
TAP CHl KHOA HOC V o l . 04. No. 16 5/2016 I 7 ^
