KHOA H O C - C d N G NGHg
Vai tro cua ben cang container quoc te
trong chi ptii logistics cua hang hoa xuat, nhap khau bang duong bien
I PGS.TS. NGUYEN THj PHl/ONG - TrUdng Dai hgc Giao thong van tdi
TOM TAT: Hoi nhgp kinh te khu vuc va tren the gioi da keo theo nhu cau gia tSng hang hoa xuat, nhap khau, Su phat tnen khoa hpc cong nghe da tac dpng rat Ion den cong nghe van tai Thuat ngu logistics khong con moi m^, lien quan den chudi cung ling hang hoa tii noi san xuat cOa 16 hang 6 nuoc xuat khau den diem tieu thu 16 hang d nuoc nh|p khau Gia tn ciia 16 hang xuat di khong don thuan la gia tn cua hang hoa, ma con bao gom chi phi logistics lien quan den nhieu chi phi khac nhu.
Chl phi van tai, chi phi von, chi phi bao q u i n hang hoa De g i l m chi phi logistics, gop phan tang them tinh canh tranh cua hang xuat khau hoac g i l m g i l hang nhap khau, can thiet phai tim giai phap g i l m cac chl phi lien quan, trong do bao gdm chi phi logistics tai cang, Bai bao lam ro vai tro ciia ben c i n g container doi voi chi phi logistics cua cac 16 hang xuat (nhgp) khau qua cang bien, qua do de xuat mot so bien phap n h i m g i l m chi phi logistics tai c i n g doi v6i hang xuat, nhap khau b§ng duong bien 6 Viet Nam.
TL/ KHOA: Ben container, chi phi logistics, hang hoa xuat (nhap) khau, trung tam logistics.
ABSTRACT: Economic integration between reagionalcountries and the world, that increase export and import cargoes from them. Developing technology effect transport technology very strongly. Logistics is not new term any more, that concerns supply chain from original place of export shipment to final destination of import shipment The pnce of the shipment is not cargo value only, but logistics cots that includes different costs such as- transport, capital, and warehousing cost In order to reduce logistics cost, to increase competition of export shipments, that is necessary to find solutions to diminish concerned costs. This paper shows the important role of container terminals in reducing logistics cost of the shipments By this, the article presents suggestions to container terminals for reducing logistics cost of Vietnam's export and import shipments,
KEYWORDS: Container terminal, logistics cost, export (import) shipment, logistics center.
I.DATVANDE
Trong xu hudng hgi nhap kinh te the gidi ndi ehung, nhu cau luu thong hang hoa xuat nhap khau giifa elc qude gia ngay cang Idn manh, Tren thuc te, mot 16 hang hda dugc xuat khau tU mot qude gia chuyen tdi qudc gia nhap khau da p h l i qua rat nhieu glai doan va phat sinh them rat nhieu ehi phf lam tang t h i m g i l trj hang hda xuat nhap khau. Mot trong nhiJng glai doan quan trgng eo I n h hudng khong nho den chi phi logistics eua hang hda xuat khau la giai doan hang hda qua cing bien. De gdp phan lam tang tinh canh tranh ve g i l cOa hang hoa xuat (nhap) khau qua c i n g container, rat can thiet p h l i g i l m elc ehi phi logistics phat sjnh tai mIt xfeh c i n g container.
2. N O I D U N G
2.1. Vai tro cua ben cdng container d6i vdi Id hang tir ntfi xuat khau den nofi nhip khau
Oe mdt Id hang dugc van ehuyen tU nai san xuat (kho) ciia nude xuat khau den noi tieu dung (kho) eiia nude nhap khau, p h l i qua mdt sd phuong thUe van t l i khac nhau, trong do van t l i b i n g dUdng bien chiem mot Uu the Idn hon do tinh kinh te ciia nd dem lai. Nhuvay, cae ben eing container la m I t xich quan trgng trong chudi dich vu van t l i hang hda xuat, nhap khau bing dudng bien tif noi xuat den ngi nhip, Khi 16 hang xuat den eang bien eiia nudc xuat khau se dugc dd xuong bai chda container eiia cang. Container lUu lai bai mot thdi gian nhat djnh trUdc khi xuat xudng tau. Khi Id hIng duge van ehuyen b i n g dudng bien sang den cing bien cua nude nhap khau se duge dd khdi tau, dUa ve bai container eiia c i n g den khi chii hang den nhln.
Tren thue te, 16 hang xuat khau cd the p h l i qua 4 cang, bao gdm 02 eang gom theo tuyen v i n chuyen nhanh hay cdn ggi 11 tuyen feeder trude va 02 cing trung chuyen giUa elc chau luc. Vi du, 16 hang may mae xuat khau t d Viet Nam sang DUc co the se dUge van ehuyen theo hanh trinh nhu sau: Container hIng may mac dugc dua xudng c i n g H l i Phong, van ehuyen theo tuyen feeder sang c i n g trung chuyen Singapore (khu vuc ehlu A). Tai eIng niy, container dugc chuyen
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sang tau Idn khai thae tuyen true chau A sang ehlu Au, cap tai c i n g Rotterdam (Ha Lan ), container xuat khau dugc dd t u tau Idn sang tau nhd van ehuyen sang c i n g Humburg (Diifc) de den noi tieu thy. Qua vf dy cho thay, khi Id hang phai qua nhieu c i n g bien, khdng chi tang thdi gian giao hang, ehi phf logistics ciia Id hang eung tang len dang ke.
2.2. Chi phi tai cSng container trong ca cau chi phi logistics cua Id hang xuat (nhap) khau
Vdi Uu the vugt trdi ciia thiet bichUa hang container, ngay nay hang hoa van ehuyen bang dUdng bien de xuat khau se duge dong vao container. Cae eIng bien thuoc the he ban dau vdi chUe nang cung cap eae dieh vu truyen thdng chu yeu phuc vu xep dd va b i o q u i n hang hoa tdng hgp trong thdi gian ngIn trUde khi xuat dl. Ngay nay, tai cac cing container se phuc vu tau va hang container qua eIng, vai tro eiia cing da eo sU thay ddi, cing dUOc xem nhU trung tam logistics phye vu ludng hang xuat, nhap khau qua c i n g . Vdi vai tro nay, rat nhieu dich vu gia tang da duge xae lap phye vu cae 16 hang xuat khau eung nhu nhap khau. TU elc dieh vu dugc cung cap 16 hang duge gia t i n g them g i l tr; ciia nd bdi elc phi djch vy xae lap tU dan vi eung cap tai cang container. Chl phf logistics ciia 16 hang xuat (nhap) khau dugc xic dmh nhu sau:
C,g = C, -H C, + Cj + C^
Trong do:
C -Tong chi phf logistics eiia 16 hang xuat (nhap) khau;
C, - Chi phf phat sinh eiia 16 hang tai eIng (ben cang) container;
C^- Chi phf van chuyen ciia Id hang theo cac phuong thUe van t l i khae nhau;
Cj - Chi phf bao hiem 16 hang;
C^ - Chi phf rill ro p h i t sinh do U dong von 16 hang trong qua trinh luu thdng;
Cj-Chi phf luu kho, bai.
Ti/e6ngthUetrenchothay, mdi thanh phan ehi phf tren deu I n h hudng true tiep den tdng chl phi logistics eiia 16 hang, vay de dam b i o tang them tfnh eanh tranh ve gia eiia 16 hang xuat khau ra nUcfe ngoai ean kiem soat SLf phat sinh eiia tUng thanh phan chi phi tren, trong do CO chi phf phat smh tai c i n g container n h i m giam chi phf logistics cua 16 hang xuat (nhap) khau noi chung.
2.3. Chi phi phat sinh cua Id hang tai cing xuat, nhap (chi phi logistics tai cSng) (C,)
Vdi vai tro eiia cang hien nay, khong don thuan thuc hien chifc nang xep dd va b i o q u i n hang hoa, cic cing container hien dai co vai tro ciia trung tam logistics, cung cap rat nhieu djch vy gia t i n g n h i m dap ifng nhu eau eua elc chii hang eung nhu cac nha cung cap dieh vy logistics, vdi mue dich dam b i o 16 hang xuat (nhap khau) hoan tat cac dieu kien ean thiet vdi thdi gian nhanh nhat, chi phf hi§u q u i nhat. Cae dieh vu do bao gdm: Phan loai hang hoa, danh dau s i n pham, dan nhan mIe, l i p rap sin pham, dong goi, can do hang... ddng hang vao container de xuat di, rut hang 1§ tU container chung chu, phan chia hang... Do do, cac ehi phi phat sinh tai c i n g ciia 16 hang container xuat (nhap) se bao gom mot sd loai nhUsau:
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Ci-C^Hc + t^Lo + ^sF + CvAsc + Cp^+C^
Trong do:
Cj.^^ (Terminal Handling Charge) - Phf xep dd container;
Cjp (Storage Fee) - phi luu kho bai;
C,^^ (Lift on lift off charge) - Phf ning, ha container;
^wsc (Value Added Service Charge) - Chi phf djch vu gia tang cua 16 hang tai c i n g container;
Cpi-j (Port Congestion Surcharge)-Phu phf phat sinh do t i e nghen t a l c i n g ;
Cj- Cae kholn phf khac phat sinh tar cang.
- Phi xep dd conyainer (Cj^^): La kholn phi thu tren moi container. ThUc eha't kholn phf nay cing thu ciia hang tau sau do hang tau thu lai tU chii h a n g d e b i i dap chi phf cho eae hoat ddng lam hang tai cing, nhU: Xep da,tapketcontainertirCYraeautau...
- Phi ndng, ha container (C^J: La khoan phi ma ehii hang p h l i chi tra cho c i n g ve sir dyng dieh vu nang container tU bai cang len phuong tien cua ehii hang (giao container) hoae ha container tU phuong tien eiia chii hang xudng bai container eiia eIng (nhan container).
-PhilUukhobdi(C^^: La khoan phf 16 hang hoa p h l i g i n h ehiu do lUu lai cang vUgt q u i sd ngay lUu kho, bai theo qui dinh.
- Phi dich vu gia tdng cua Id hdng tgi cdng container (C^A^^): La cac kholn phf lien quan den phan loai, d i n n h l n mae, can do, dong, rut hang vao container... Ddi vdi hang hda xuat khau, mot container co the chUa dyng rat nhieu toai hang hoa khac nhau ciia nhieu chii hang khae nhau, co yeu eau ve bao bi va dong goi khic nhau.
De d i m b i o eae qui dinh ve qui elch dong gdi, d i n nhan mIe..., eae hang hoa do can dugc thue hien cae dich vu nay va p h l i chju phi cae dich vy do. Cac djch vu eo the duge thue hien bdi eae td ehUe eung Ung dich vu khic nhau va dugc thuc hien eo the trong hole ngoai cing.
De thuan tien thue hien cac dieh vy dd, eae ehii hang thudng chgn eang la dja ehi eung cap djeh vu cho minh.
- Cdc khoan phu phi tdc nghen tgi cdng (Cp^^): La eae khoan phu thu them eiia ehii tau ddi vdi 16 hang duoc xuat (nhap) qua cing, khi cing trong tinh trang t i c nghen, gay thiet hai eho hang tau do giam k h i nang quay vong tau theo ke hoach, do do hang tau thu phf ddi vdi cac ehii hang cac kholn phi phat sinh nay tuy thude vao tlnh trang t i e nghen tai tUng eIng, duge tfnh theo ty le phan tram eiia eude van tai container.
-Cdc khoan phi khde phdt sinh tgi cang (CJ: La nhufng khoan p h f d o c i n g thu trUe tiep tif cac ehu hang hole dai dien eiia ehii hang, lien quan den sif dyng ngudn lUc ciia cing, bao gdm: Phi sd dyng dien ddi vdi cae container hang ddng lanh; phi d I o ehuyen, van ehuyen container phuc vy kiem tra; phi lUu tru qua thdi gian qui djnh ddi vdi phuong tien dUdng bg den eang giao va n h l n hang;
eie khoan phu thu eho trudng hgp hang dae biet (de chly, nd), hang qua khd, qua tai.
2.4. Cac nhan to I n h hUorng den chi phi tai cing cCia Id hang xuat (nhap) khau
- Dieu kien thdi tiet, khf hau, thiiy van tai khu vue boat ddng eua c i n g ; Cae nhan td nay t i e dgng true tiep den dieu kien lam viee eua c i n g , I n h hUdng den hieu
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suat khai thae cing do dd anh hudng true tiep den g i l phi dieh vu do cang eung cap.
- Cong tac quan ly nha nudc ddi vdi 16 hang xuat (nhap) tai eIng bien: Cdng t i e nay lien quan true tiep den hao phi thdi gian va ngudn lye can thiet de thue hien eaethii tye th6ng quan cung nhueae thu tue kiem tra ddi vdi 16 hang tai cang. Su dan g i l n hoa cac thii tue va tin hge hoa eac nghiep vy se lam giam hao phf ngudn luc va dam b i o cac thii tye dygc thue hien nhanh chdng, chinh xae se gop phan g i l m ehi phi can thiet de thUc hien eac nghiep vu ddi vdi hang hoa.
- Su UTGT tai eang: Nhan to nay I n h hudng true tiep den phf un t i e tai cang. Co nhieu nguyen nhan dan den hien tuong un tie, bao gdm: Hang hoa tai bai trong tlnh trang q u i tai, mat dp giao thong ndi bg eIng va giao thong cua khach hang den va di tii cing trong khong gian chat hep; phuang thifc van t i l dUa hang den eang rat han ehe, tham chf ehi ed mot phuong thifc van t l i ; c6ng t i e qui hoaeh va to chUc giao thdng n6i bg eang ciing nhu khu vUc n h l n hang giifa khach hang va cing khbng khoa hgc va hoply... Su u n t i e tai eIng gay ra rat nhieu hau q u i , khong dan thuan phi un t i e phat sinh ma cdn g i y thiet hai ve vdn U dgng trong lUu thong, riil ro hang hdng va eae lang phi ve nhan lye va phuong tien.
Oieu nay dan den t i n g chi phi logistics eiia hang hoa xuat(nhap) khau.
- Su ket ndi giao thong giUa eIng container va mien hau phuang ciia nd: Kha nang ket ndi giao thong tdi va tif cang the hien sU nhanh chong, thuan tien ciia ludng hang b i n g elc phuong thUc van t l i khae nhau den va di tdi eang, dieu nay gdp phan giam bcrt thdi gian iin tie, ddn U hang hoa tai khu vUe lan can cang, g i l m bdt ehi phf va ritl ro p h i t sinh trong q u i trinh lUu thdng tdi va t i f e l n g .
- Su dau t u cO sd vat chat va Ung dung khoa hoc cong nghe eiia eang: Mot khi eang container co mifc dau t u CO sd vat chat ky thuat d mUe d6 thap, e6ng nghe xep dd, khai thae va q u i n ly lac hau se dan den gia thanh xep dd, gia thanh luu kho, bai va gia thanh elc dieh vy gia tang se cao, lam g i l cudc va gia phf dieh vu t i n g theo, do la nguyen nhan lam t i n g chl phi logistics ciia hang hoa tai eang.
- Nguon nhan lUe eiia cing: Nhan td nay I n h hudng kh6ng nhd den chi phf logistics, khi kha nang tiep can va lam chii khoa hge ky thuat, cdng nghe khai thae va quan ly ciia nhan luc cing de thUe hien cac qui trinh, nghiep vu ddi vdi cae dich vu cung cap bi han ehe, se khong tao ra nang suat lao ddng eao, lang phf ngudn lUc vat chat va lao dgng, dan den t i n g eae hao phf lam tang gia thanh va phi eae dieh vu ddi vdi hang hoa qua eIng noi chung.
2.5. Glai phdp nham giiim chi phi logistics tai cdng container doi vdri hang xuat (nhap) khau b^ng itiidng bien
2.5.1. Hien dgi hda hi thdng thiet bi xep dd tai cau tdu vd tqi bdi container
Theo sd lieu thdng ke ciia Hiep hoi Cing bien Viet Nam, tinh den nam 2017 tren c l nude c6 20 cau gian, 53 cau gian banh ldp va 6 cau gian chay tren ray. Trong sd elc thiet bj xep dd ehuyen dung container ke tren ehii
yeu cua Tan Cing Sli Gdn. Ol^u niy cho thay, nang lUc xep dd cua elc cing container dUdng bien cCia nudc ta con rat han che, minh ehuTig eho nang suit xep dcf container tai cae cang nude ta (ngoai trUTan C i n g ) cdn rat thap. Vdi luu lugng tau va hang container xuat khau qua cae bien ngay cing tang, hien dai hoa thiet bi xep dd tai cau tau vdi cac cau gian chuyen dung (Quay Crane), eho phep t i n g nang suit xep dd, g i l m g i l thanh xep dd, do la dieu kien tien quyet de giam cUdc xep dd ddi vdi hang hda. Tai bai container, eae container xuat sau khi dugc nhan tU ehii hang (hole dai dien ehu hang) hoac cac container nhap sau khi duoc nhan tUchii tau se duge dua ve bai chUa, hoat dgng chat xep se dugc thuc hien bdi cae thiet bj xep dcr. He thong cau gian chay tren ray (Rail Mounted Gantry Crane) hole eau gian banh Idp (Rubber Tires Gantry Crane), cho phep nang cao hieu suat khai thae bai, tang nang suat xep dd eiia thiet bi tai bai, la co sd g i l m chi phi va g i l thanh xep d d container.
2.5.2. Ong dung cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng trong hoat ddng giao nhdn container tgi cdng
Tai Viet Nam, mot sd ft cang container qudc te da Ung dyng he thong q u i n ly container (CMS - Container Management System) va duy nhat Cdng ty Tin cing da ifng dung phan mem q u i n ly dieu hanh va khai thic eIng container (TOS -Terminal Operation System). Cdng t i e giao n h l n container tai hau het cac cing container qudc te edn nang thii tuc giay td, kha nang ket ndi va xif ly thdng tin glUa elc bg phan lien quan den giao nhan container (cing, hai quan, hang tau, chu hang) con nhilu han ehe. Trong qui trinh giao n h l n container tai cing, container se dUOc chuyen giao traeh nhiem q u i n I;? giifa ehii hang (hole dai dien chu hang) v61 cing tai khu cdng vao (ra) va tai bai container. Thdng qua cac thiet bj hien dai duge trang bi tai cdng vao, he thdng truyen thdng qua mang vi/ifi eae th6ng tin eiia container xuat cing duge kiem tra va nhanh chong truyen ve cac thiet bi tiep nhan tai bai de cd ngay phuong an don nhan container va xep vao vj trf bai da dugc len ke hoaeh. Cong nghe hien dai nay khdng chi d i m b i o hoat ddng giao nhan dien ra nhanh chdng va chinh xae, an toan, n i n g eao hieu q u i sir dyng ngudn lUctai bai ma con g i l m d i n g ke hien tugng un t i c tai c i n g .
2.5.3. Nhanh chdng gidi toa container ddgng tai cdng Mot trong nhifng nguyen n h l n gay UTGT tai cing dan den gian doan hoat dgng khai thae, lam tang thdi gian tau lUu c i n g va p h i t sinh phi iin t i c la do lUong Idn container Udgng tai cing. Cd nhieu ly do gay dgng hang tai cang, trong sd do cd the do hang hda dang trong giai doan xif ly tif eg quan q u i n ly nha nUdc (Hli quan, Bg C6ng thuong, Bg Tai nguyen va Mdi trUdng...). Cho du ly do gi, hien tugng nay da I n h hudng den ehi phi logistics hang hda thdng qua cang, vi vay can cd nhUng g i l i phap nhanh chdng, kjp thdi de giai phong nhUng Id hIng Of dgng tai eIng.Theo sd lieu dieu tra cho thay, tai cie cing idn (Hli Phong, TP. Ho Chf Minh, Ba Ria - Vung Tau) dang ton dong lugng contaier rat Idn vdi nhieu loai hang hda khIe nhau. Dieu nay dang trd nen nghiem trgng khi nhieu lugt tau ehd rac thai va phe t h i i tif cae nude p h i t trien sang nudcta.
2.5.4. Tdng cUdng khd ndng ket noi GTVT gida cdng
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container vdi he thong giao thdng dia phuang cdng vd quocgia
Nhu tren da phan tfeh, nhifng bat cap ciia su ket ndi giao thdng tirva den c i n g da lam tang d i n g ke ehi phi logistics hang hda xuat (nhap) khiu dudng bien. d Viet Nam chung ta, v i n t i l dudng bg hien nay dang giU vai tro q u i Idn trong he thdng giao thong phye vu ludng hang xuat (nhap) khau den va tUcac eIng bien (he thdng eIng Hli Phdng, TP. Hd Chi Minh). Co the ndi van t l i dudng bg dang p h l i g I n g sdc "chju dung" trgng trieh do. Cd nhifng c i n g chl cd duy nhat mdt phugng thifc van t l i ket ndi vdi ket eau ha tang qudc gia (elc c i n g container tai khu vuc Ba Ria - Vung Tau, qua QL51). De tang k h i nang ket ndi, giai p h i p vi mo lien quan den qui hoaeh va dau tu phat trien da dang eae phuong thUc van t l i trong he thdng giao thdng qude gia, cu the:
- Phat tnen phuong thO'c van t l i thOy ndi dia: Theo sd lieu thdng ke eho thay, bd bien nudc ta ed tdng chieu dai tren 3000km chay doc tU Bac vao Nam, day la Uu the rat idn cCia nude ta, vi vay se Uu tien phat tri^n he thong van t l i thiiy ndi dja de k^t ndi cie cing dau mdi eiia c l nude (cing Hli Phdng, TR Hd Chi IVIinh), day la phuang thUe eho phep van ehuyen vdi khdi lugng Idn, t h i n thien vdi moi trUdng, gdp phan d i n g ke g i l m chi phi logistics ciia hang hda xuat (nhap khau) trong md hinh van t l i da phuang thUe eiia no.
- Phit trien phugng thiifc van t l i dudng sat: Van tai duong sit la md hinh van tai cung cd vai tro Idn trong he thdng ket eau ha t i n g phuc vu ludng hang hoa, da dugc Chinh phCi ta da phe duyet "Chien luge phat trien GTVT dudng sit Viet nam den nam 2020 va tam nhln den nam 2050". Chfnh phd da khIng dmh sU Uu tien p h i t trien ddi vdi mdt sd tuyen dudng sit eo nhu eau van t l i Idn ea hang hda va hanh khich, d i e biet tren tuyen Ha Ngi - H l i Phdng; Hli Phdng - Lach Huyen; Bien Hda - VungTau;TP.
Hd Chi Minh - Can Tha. Cd the noi day la dieu kien rat thuan lgi de elc cing container Idn khu vifc Hal Phdng (Binh vii. Tan Vu - Lach Huyen), khu vUe TR Hd Chf Minh (he thong cac cang container khu vUe Cli Mep - Thi Vai, thuge tinh Ba Ria - Viing Tau) ed the p h i t trien he thdng van tai sit trong c i n g , ket ndi vdi ket eau ha tang van t l i sit cua dia phuong va qude gia.
2.5.5. Phdt trien eac trung tdm logistics tgi cdng hoac khu VUc Idn edn cdng container phuc vu hdng hda xuat (nhgp) khau
Hien nay, c l nUde ta ed 7 trung tam logistics (TTL), trong dd 3 dphia B l e v a 4 d p h i a Nam, cie TTL deu dxa vi tri cang bien qude te va bde 16 nhieu bat cap: Ket eau ha tang dUge dau t u manh mun, trang thiet bi ky thuat lac hau, dau t u khdng ddng bd, ehii yeu elc TTL p h i t trien theo nhu c l u t u phat eua mot sd nhom khich hang, chua ed sU ket ndi v6t nhau, quy dat han ehe. NhUng bat cap n i y dan den cae TTL ciia nude ta ndi chung chua thUc hien day du va hieu q u i elc chufc nang ciia no trong chudi djch vu logistics, do dd ehua the gop phan g i l m chi phf logistics eiia hang hda xuat nhap khiu, trong do ed hang hoa qua dudng bien.
Tren eo sd Quyet djnh sd 1012/ QO-TTg ngay 03/07/2015 ciia Thu tUdng Chinh phii ve p h i t trien he thdng TTL tren dia ban ca nude, theo do cac TTL dugc
So 11/2018
phat trien phii hgp theo nhu cau eiia thi trUdng, quy hoaeh cac TTL duae uu tien quy dat va dUOc dat tai vj tri thuan lgi cho lUu thdng ciia elc ludng hang hoa xuat nhap khi'u.
Vdi chifc n i n g ciia trung t i m logistics, elc dich vu gia trj gia t i n g eiia hang hda (gom, chia hang, phan loai, can, do, ddng hang, d i n nhan mac.) duge thue hien mot elch nhanh chdng, hieu q u i , do dd khdng chi eha't lugng dich vu tot hon va gia cUdc eae dich vy se dam b i o hgp ly hon. Tren the gidi, elc trung tam logistics (TTL) ndi chung ddng vai tro quan trgng trong luu trCf va xif 1^ hang hda v l trude khi xuat khau va sau khi nhap khau tU eae phuang thifc van t l i qudc te. Ddi vdi hang hda xuat, nhap khau b i n g dudng bien, cac TTL khong chl thuc hien elc chufc nang xif ly tao g i l tri gia tang cho hang hda ma con dugc xem nhu mdt khu vUe luu trCf container, thuc hien cae thii tue thdng quan hang hda khi c i n g bien trong tinh trang qua t l i . Cae TTL duge bd trf va quy hoach d trong cang h o l e khu vUc lan can eIng se ed nhieu Uu the eho ludng hang hda xua't, n h i p khl'u bang dUdng bien, se lam giam chi phf logistics hang hda xuat, nhap khau bang dudng bien.
3. K £ T L U A N
V6iChith!21CT-TTG eua Thii tUdng Chfnh phii ban hanh ngay 18/7/2018 ve day manh trien khai cae g i l i phap nham g i l m chi phi logistics ddi vdi hang hda da cho thay vai trd va trieh nhiem Idn lao ciia elc doanh nghiep v l cae td chUe lien quan den q u i n ly nha nUde eung nhU eung cap elc djch vu trong chudi cung Ung dich vy logistics cua hang hda xuat, nhap khau. Tai elc cang container hay ben c i n g container qude te da ed vai trd khdng nhd trong eO cau ehi phf logistics cua hang hda xuat, nhap khau b i n g dudng bien. Vay, de gdp phan g i l m chl phi logistics eiia hang hda xuat, nhap khau can nhan dang nhdng chi phi p h i t sinh tai eang va nhUng nhan td tae dgng den sU phat sinh eac chi phf nay. Trong dieu kien hien nay, tai cae eIng container cua Viet Nam cd luu luong hang hda xuat, nhap khau qua c i n g Idn cdn mdt sd bat cap, han ehe. Qua eie g i l l phap de xuat se ed t i c ddng lam g i l m ehi phf logistics cua hang hda xua't, nhap khau bang dUdng bien •
Tai lieu tham khSo
[1]. Chl thi "Ve viec day manh tnen khai cdc gidi phdp nhdm gidm chi phi logistics, kit noi hieu qud hg tdng giao thdng" (https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Thuong-mai/
Chi-thi-21-CT-TTg-2018-day-manh-trien-khai-giai-phap- nham-giam-chi-phi-logistics-38 7905. aspx).
[2]. Phi vd li phi tgi cdng container (http://www.
kkfreight.com/shipping-surcharges.html).
[3]. Tap chi Visaba Times (https://vi-vn.facebook.com/
visabatimes.com. vn/).
Ngay nhan bdi: 10/10/2018 Ngay chap nhan dang: 29/10/2018 NgUdi phSn bien: GS.TS.TiT Sy Sua
