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TAM QUAN TRONG CUA
ccf s d HA TANG KY THU^T THIET YEU TRONG PHAT TRIEN KINH TE
• TRAN VAN THI|N
T6M TXT:
B^i vi^t ldm rd tlm quan trpng cGa cd sd ha ting ky thu$t thi^t y^u trang n l n kinh teC Vi0t Nam, chl ra nhifng thifc trang, cd h^i cQng nhif giSi phdp phdt tri^n bin vffng ha ting thi^t yiu cho nin kinh ti. D6ng thdi, n^u ro vai trd dinh hifdng cda Nh^ ntfdc trong quy hoach, diu tiT, cin cd chinh sdch Idiuy^n khfch da dang cdc ngu6n vin, t^o diiu ki$n cho cdc th^nh phin kinh tivk ngifdi ddn tham gia xdy diAig cd sd ha ting thi^t y^u nhllmphvc vy phdt tri^n kinh tg* dd't ntfdc.
Tff khda: Kinh ti, cd sd ha ting ky thuat thiet y^u, cdng ngh§ thdng tin vS truyin thdng.
1. Cdsd h a t i n g kythuSt
Cd nhieu quan diem khdc nhau ve khdi niem cd sd ha ting. Trong bSi vie't nay, tdc gid gidi thi^u khdi ni^m k^'t cS'u ha tang Id tdng hdp cdc cdng trinh vdt chd't ky thudt cd chiJc ndng phuc vy tnfc tie'p cho nln kinh t^ vd ddi sd'ng, difdc bd tri iren mdt pham vi nhd't dinh.
Nhif \ay, cdc cdng trinh, kit cd^u ky thuat d da) rS'i da d^ng, dd la: Cdc cdng trinh giao thdng vdn tai. cdng trtnh cua ngdnh Btfu chinh - Viln thdng. cdng trtnh di^n. cdng trinh ihuy Uii. cdng trinh b^nh \ien. tnfdng hpc vd cdc cdng irinh cdng cdng phyc vu cdng ddng. Nhffng cdng trioh ndy cd \ i tri he't sii'i: quan trpng. phyc vu trtfc ti^p
\a gidn tid'p cdc hoal dpng cua xa hdi.
Cd sd ha ting ludn ddng mdt vai trd dac biet quan trpng. Id nln tang cua stf nghiep phdt iriOn
kinh te - xa hdi. Kinh td* cdng phdt tri^n thi ydu clu phdt tri^n cd sd ha ting l^i cang cao. Dd chinh Id sdn ph^m cua qud trtnh diu ttf t^o nln tang cho stf phdt trien todn dien cQa mpt xa hOi.
2. H? t i n g giao thdng
Nhan thdc: T l m quan trpng cua ha ting giao thdng (HTGT) trong phdt tri^n kinh tg" - xd hdi cua^dat ntfdc. Thdi gian qua, Vidt Nam da cd nhieu nd luc vd dat dtfdc nhieu thdnh ttfu trong chi dao vd diu ttf ddi vdi cdc Hnh vtfc giao thdng theo htfdng tao dong bp. k^t ndi vd'bdn ddm hdi hoa giffa cdc phtfdng thtfc vdn tdi khu vtfc; t^p trung vdo h# thong giao thdng vd h:, t^ng (jd thi ldn. Trong bdi cdnh ngudn ngdn -.u^!, "^,^ Y\an chi;, Nha ntfdc dd tfu tien diu ttf pt, u irj^,, HTGT Itf ngan sdch, keu gpi cdc nguon vdn cfia • »•*
chi'iKi \-d cd nhan.
74 Sd n - Thang 5/2020
KINI TE
Thuc Irgng; Thtfc te^ cho tha'y, con nhilu han che trong dau ttf phdt trien HTGT, ho trd phdl tnen hen ke't vung cung nhtf he thd'ng cd sd ha tang k\
thudt, ha tang xa hdi. Nha't la HTGT true chtfa cd tinh ket nd'i va lien thdng thuan ldi giffa cdc dm phtfdng trong npi viing vd lien viing. Dau ttf ket nd'i giffa cdc phtfdng thtfc van tai chtfa phat huy hieu qud cua toan h? tho'ng, thie'u dong bd. Trong thdi gian qua phdl trien van tdi b^ng dtfdng bd va hang khong Id chu ye'u, cdc phtfdng thtfc van tai khac nhtf dtfdng sat va dtfdng thuy cdn nhieu han che' chtfa phdt huy dtfdc hieu qua khai thdc.
Viec khai thdc, su" dung chtfa hieu qua cdng trinh sau khi dau ttf gay lang phi nguon Itfc. Cdc trung tam logistics quy md nhd, chu ye'u phuc vu mdt so' doanh nghiep trong khu vtfc khu cdng nghiep hay mpt dia phtfdng, chtfa phai trien de'n quy md phuc vu mdt nganh hodc mot viing kinh le, He thd'ng cd sd ha tang trdi rpng chu ye'u vd bdm theo true dtfdng giao thong, khdng gian phan ldn manh miin, mang ndng tinh chat "kinh te'mat dtfdng", rat kho cho viec md rdng, nang cap hay hi^n dai hda, ngtfdc vdi xu the phdt trien cua cdc ntfdc lien lien tren the'gidi.
Gidi phdp: De day manh phat trien HTGT, tao dpng Itfc Ihuc day lien ke'l vung trong ihdi gian ldi, can quan tam thtfc hien mgt so' giai phap chinh nhtf sau:
Ra sodt lai quy hoach HTGT ciia vung \a cua cac dia phtfdng, ke ca quy hoach cua nganh Giao thong vii cdc ITnh vtfc kinh te - xa hdi khac. xac dinhrd chien Itfdc phat trien kinh te viing va lien vung.
Phai \;iL- dinh vai trd that stf cua cdng tdc quy hoach dc qua dd loai bd cdc quy hoach khdng phii hdp vdi chien Itfdc phat trien kinh te - xa hpi hay nhffng quy hoach khdng bam sdi ldc dp phat trien cua ngdnh, dia phtfdng va cua vung.
Quy hoach phai mang tinh ddng bd cao. trdnh manh mun, chdng cheo trong cac linh vtfc. cac ngdnh; ddng ihdi phdi ga'n chdt vdi dd phat trien kinh te - xa hdi de giao thdng thai stf di trtfdc. la dpng Itfc phat men kinh te - xd hpi ciia dia phtfdnj;. cua viing.
Trong chie'n itfdc phat tnen. can can ddi lai cac ty le va phtfdng thtfc dau ttf. bao dam su" dung
hieu qua cdc ngudn vd'n dau ttf pha iddng bp giffa cdc loai hinh giao thong. Cdng tdc quy hoach phdi dtf bdo dtfdc tdc dp tang tnfdng, dtf bdo d lam chie'n Itfdc. chi ra dtfdc nhffng ldi ich thie'l ihtfc cua viec diu ttf. nhffng ldi ich ma ngtfdi dan \ J dia phtfdng. viing dtfdc htfdng khi trien khai cac dtf dn HTGT. Chi ra dtfdc ngudn Itfc. ngudn \dn de huy ddng ihtfc hien dtf an, cung nhtf thdi gian dtf dn phai hodn thanh, dtfa vao sii" dung.
Khdng phat trien HTGT dan trdi theo htfdng mdi dia phtfdng mdt cang bien hay mpt san bay ma ta't ca phdi dtfa tren chie'n Itfdc phat trien cua nganh trong xu the'hpi nhap qud'c te va khu vtfc.
Phai can nhdc dtf an nao xay dtfng bdng ngan sach nha ntfdc. dtf dn nao bang hinh thtfc \a hpi hoa theo cac dang thtfc cua Hnh thffc dd'i tac cdnj;
- ttf. bao dam hdi hda cdc ldi ich cua nhan ddn.
doanh nghiep \a Nha ntfdc. Dong ihdi, chu trpng thu hut cac ngudn vd'n, tfu tien xa hdi hda, ban dam can ddi vdi cdca'u ciia nen kinh te'; xay dtfng lai cac tieu chudn, cd che'. chinh sach, vtfa bao dam thu hut cdc ngudn vd'n dau ttf, vtfa bao ddm chat Itfdng cdng trinh, khong de ngtfdi dan gdnh phi dtfdng bd qua cao gay bat binh d cac tram ihu phi nhtf trong thdi gian qua.
Cong tdc giai phdng mat bdng can dtfdc chu trong thdo gd de trdnh keo dai thdi gian gay dpi vd'n cua dtf dn. lam mat cd hgi dau ttf vd san xuat kinh doanh cua cac thanh phan kinh te khac Can ttfng btfdc so' hda trong cdng tdc quan ly, van hanh va to chffc. bao dam hieu qud si^ dung cao nha't nhtfng van an toan cho ngtfdi tham gia giao thong. Ldm dtfdc dieu nay, nganh Giao thdng van tai se ddng gop ra't tdn cho nen kinh te irong qua trinh cdng nghiep hda - hien dai hda da't ntfdc.
3. Ha tang nang ltfdng
Ha tang ndng Itfdng la mot he thdng phtfc tap, bao gom nhieu nganh. can thie't cho mgi hoat ddng sdn \ua't va ddi sd'ng ciia xa hdi. Ngdnh Ndng Itfdng trong qud trinh phdt tnen ludn chju anh htfdng bdi trinh dp khoa hgc - ky thuat vd stf dau ttf cua nen kinh le'.
Tai ngu>en nang Itfdng rai phong phii vd da dang. Ngoai nang Itfdng dien dtfdc sij" dung phd bie'n va rat tien ldi con cd cdc ngudn ndng Itfdng khac nhtf: Go. than, dau md, khi dot. Con ngtfdi So 11 ' Thdng 5/2020 75
TAPCiCilNTItflK
dd phdl hipn vd dtfa vdo sH dung cdc ngudn ndng Itfdng mdi, cd hi^u qua cao nhtf nang Itfdng thuy irieu, nang Itfdng gid, ndng Itfdng mdt trdi, dia nhi^i, ndng Itfdng hat nhdn vd ndng ltfdng sinh khdi. Trong khudn khS cua nghien ctfu, tdc gia chu ye'u de cdp den ndng Itfpng di^n vd nhffng ddng gdp ciia nd cho nln kinh ti ddTt ntfdc.
Nln kinh tl*ntfdc te dang ngdy cdng phdt trien, stf phdt triln dd khdng the khdng nhdc den vai trd quan trpng ciSa ngdnh Dien Itfc, Ddy chinh Id mdt trong nhffng nhSn to'thdc d^y sdn xua't. ndng cao ndng Itfc canh tranh, thu hut cdc ngudn vdn diu ttf. Trong nhilu ndm qua, ngdnh Dipn da vd dang dat dtfpc khd nhilu thdnh ttfu ndi b | t . Ttf mOt h^ thdng mgng Itfdi didn nghdo ndn, lac hdu, din nay, h^ thdng ngudn vd mang Itfdi didn qud'c gia dd dffng thff 3 trong khu vtfc Ddng Nam A vd thff 31 trdn t h i gidi. Ngdnh Di^n Itfc cung da thtfc hi|n thdnh cdng chtfdng trinh dtfa didn v l cdc vOng ndng thdn, hai ddo, miin ndi, gdp phan hodn thdnh tdt cam kit cua Chinh phO vdi qudc te irong vi§c thffc hipn muc tieu thien nidn ky xda ddi. gidm nghdo, ddm bdo qudc phdng, an ninh, ldm thay d^i cdn bdn didn mao viing ndng thdn Vi^t Nam. Ngodi ra. d l cd ha tang ndng Itfpng vffng manh, phdi tao diiu kidn phdt triln cdc ngdnh Ndng Itfpng tdi tao, han c h l xdy dtfng mdi cdc nhd mdy nhidt didn dClng than cung nhtf quy hoach td't cdc thiiy didn nhdm trdnh tdc dpng tdi mdi trtfdng, dnh htfdng dl'n ndng nghiep; ddng thdi ndng cao y thffc tilt kidm ndng Iffdng ciJa ngtfdi tidu diing.
Cdng nghe dd't rdc sinh hoat d l phdt dien khdng cdn Id mdt vd'n de mdi tren the' gidi nhtfng l^i Id mdt tilm ndng chtfa dtfdc khai thdc triet de d ntfdc te. Tai chdu Au.rac dtfdc xff ly bang cdng ngh| ddt dtfpc thtfc hidn tff nhffng nam 1930. S Dffc. cd trdn 60% sd itfdng rdc dtfpc ddt; d Dan Mach Id 100% dtfdc ddt vd thu hdi nSng ltfdng.
TP. HCM dd va dang cd nhilu dtf dn xay dtfng cdc nhd mdy dot rdc phdt dien ndm trong Id trinh gidm ti ie xff ly rdc thdi bdng phtfdng phdp chdn Itfp t?i TP. HCM xuo'ng cdn 50% vdo nam 2020 vd 20% vdo ndm 2025. De cii ihl hda muc ueu ndy. TP.HCM sed^y manh Oitfchi^n chuyen ddi cdng nghd cOa cdc ddn vi xff ly rdc hi^n hffu \ ii kdu gpi \a hdi hda trong Iinh vtfc diu ttf cdc du dn
ddt rdc phdt di#n. Trong dd, TP. HC"^ '" ^'^^
ky thuat, tao diiu ki^n tdi da cho ca>. ' " ^^
trong linh vtfc ddt rdc pbdt d i | n . Tl' 'i-^^ ^^^
rieng vd Vidt Nam ndi chung rd't cin nl. icu nguIn itfc diu ttf cho cdng nghd nay de khdng l;lng phi tdi nguydn rdc, gidm thilu d nhidm mdi trtfdng.
Ddi vdi v^n d l tidt kidm didn trong ho?t dOng sdn xud't kinh doanh, cdc chuydn gia cho r^ng, d l chtfdng trtnh tid't kidm didn ddi vdi sdn xud't cdng nghidp hidu qud cin phdi xdy dffng mdt h0 thdng gidm sdt, tuan thil lu§t sff dyng ndng Itfpng tid't kidm vd hidu qud trong cdc cd sd sdn xuS't cdng nghidp va dich vy. Theo nghidn cffu cua VEEP (Chtfdng trinh muc tidu qud'c gia v l tid't kiem vd sff dyng ndng ltfdng hidu qud), tilm ndng tidt kidm ndng Iffpng d ntfdc ta cdn r^t ldn. Tinh theo ngdnh thi cdng nghidp xi mdng cd t h i tidt ki|m ndng ltfdng ddn 50%; cdng nghidp g^m Id 35%;
ngdnh ddt, may mdc Id 30%; cdng nghidp thdp Id 20%. Ve Idu ddi, can xdy dtfng hd thdng qudn IJ vd gidm sdt mffc ridu thy didn ndng trong sdn xuSft vd kinh doanh djch vu, khuyin khich tid'n tdi bit budc dp dung cdc dinh mffc tidu hao ndng Itfdng tidn tidn trdn mOt ddn vj sdn ph^m ddi vdi mdt sd ngdnh cdng nghidp tieu thu nhilu ndng Iffdng. Song song vdi dd, htfdng din vd hS trd cdc doanh nghidp thdnh Idp hd thddng qudn ly ndng Iffdng nh^m tudn thil Ludt Sff dung ndng Itfpng tiet kiem va hidu qua. Tiem ndng tidt kiem ddc bidt r^t ldn d nhffng thi trtfdng mdi noi, vi d ddy cd ti Id tdng trtfdng nhu cau ndng Itfdng dtfpc dif dodn Id cao nh^t. Ngodi ra, cdn phdt ddng phong trdo tid't kidm didn trong cdng sd cho cdc cd quan nhd ntfdc, doanh nghidp sdn xud't kinh doanh vd trong cdc hd gia dinh. Cd cd che khuydn khich sff dung didn dp mdi cho td chtfc vd hp gia dinh nhtf trtfdng hpp Dai hpc Cin Thd.
Khi nen kinh te phdt trien vd nhu clu sff dyng ndng Itfdng ngdy cdng ldn, vide bd sung ngudn ndng Iffdng xanh, sach, ngdy cdng trd n l n cap thilt hdn. NSng Iffdng xanh Id xu th-*^ phdt trien tren the'gidi. C6 nhilu trang trai dit .„-, y^ ffign mat trdi da dtfdt. xdy dtfng tai cdc r .. ii^y ^'y Nang lifoii.!.x;inh ngdy cdng gdp ph., i.m,^„(^Qjj_
vao viec huu ve mdi tnfdng sdng NhiTn,, nkm yan da Vict Nam cung Id qudc '2in pj,^, ,^.. J dien ••'. \d nang Itfpng mdt trdi i.d,, ^ j.,;, , 76 Sd n - Thang 5/2020
KINH TE
Nam Bp nhtf Ninh Thuan, Binh Thudn. Tay Ninh.
Binh Phtfdc va cdc tinh Ddng bdng sdng Cffu Long. Tuy nhien, ndng Itfdng gid vd ndng ltfdng mat trdi la dang ndng Itfpng khdng lien tuc.
Nhffng thdch thffc trong viec tdng cffdng mang Iffdi truyen tai dien qud'c gia, dd'i pho vdi stf gidn doan cua ndng Iffpng gio vd ndng Itfdng mat trdi, cd the xff ly dtfdc bdng cdng nghe ky thudt sd' hicn dai. Mud'n vay. Viet Nam cung can chii irpng giai quye't cac va'n de quan trong nhtf tich hdp ndng Iffpng tdi tao, phdt trien mang Iffdi, ttf dpng hda Itfdi dien,... Ddng thdi, cung cap day dii cdng nghe trong chuoi gla tri dien ndng, dam bao dt) an loan va tin cay ciia ddng dien.
De nganh Dien Itfc phdt trien ben vffng phuc vu ddc Iffc cho nen kinh td' thi Nhd ntfdc can xay dtfng khung gid ndng Itfdng hdp ly, cd chinh sach ddm bdo ldi nhuan cho cdc nhd dau tff trong ITnh vifc ndng Itfdng dien. sdm dffa gid dien theo cd che thi trtfdng. Ngoai ra, phdi khuye'n khich da dang hda ngudn vo'n dau ttf cho nganh Nang Itfpng, tffng bffdc tao ihi trffdng canh iranh cdng bang cho Ciic nha dau ttf, Ho trd cac chii dau ttf difpc vay vd'n ODA; phdt hanh co phie'u, trai phicu cdng trinh; keu gpi dau ttf trtfc tiep ttf cdc thdnh phan kinh td, cdc doanh nghiep khac; ddc bi^i la ddi vdi cac dtf dn ldn, cap bach vd cd tinh cha'l phffc tap. Md rong, bd sung them dd'i ttfdng dpdung vay vd'n tfu dai trong ntfdc cho ta'tca cdc dif dn dien. ddng thdi c6 chinh sach khuye'n khich phdt trien nang Itfdng xanh (ndng Itfdng gid. mat trdi vd dd't rac).
4. Ha t i n g ky thudt s6'
Trong hai thdp men cua the' ky XXI. k\ thuat so da va dang tham nhap va cd xu htfdng phat irien kha nhanh. tie'p can hau het cac nganh nghe.
linh \uc tai Viet Nam nhtf tai chinh ngan hang, dich vu, chdm sdc sffc khde, thie't ke'. san xua't, cung ffng Iao dong, giao thdng van tai. quan ly...
Co the tha'y, tat ca cac hoat dpng kinh te'- xd hgi dtfa tren cac ha tang nha't dinh thffdng dffdc hieu la cac ha tang ky thuat so. giup cho ngtfdi tieu diing. doanh nghiep va Nha ntfdc tie't kiem dtfdc chi phi vd nang cao ndng sua't, thuc day stf phdt trien cua cdc san pha'm hang hda mdi dtfa tren nln tdng sang tao sJn cd. Kinh t e s d dang didn ra nhanh chdng \a co tac dgng to ldn, sau rpng tdi
mgi mat cua ddi sd^ng kinhte'- xd hdid td'i cJ cac qudc gia.
Trong qua trinh chuye'n ddi .sd', cdng nghe thdng tin vd tru>en thdng (ICT-lnformation iS.
Communication Technologies) ddng vai trd hct stfc quan trong ICT da tao nen mgt \ii hpi loan cau, ndi ma mpi ngtfdi cd the tffdng tac \a lien lac vdi nhau mpt cdch nhanh chdng, hieu qua.
De'n nay. linh vffc ICT tai Viet Nam da dat dffdc nhieu thanh ttfu quan trpng. Mui trtfdng: chinh sdch cho ffng dung, phdt trien cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng ttfdng dd'i hoan thien. ICT dan trd thanh ngdnh kinh le' mui nhgn cua da't ntfdc.
cd ti le ddng gdp cho tang trtfdng GDP da't ntfdc ngay cdng cao. ICT la mol trong ciic dpng Itfc quan trpng nhd't cua stf phdl trien, cijng vdi mpl so nganh cong nghe cao khdc dang lam bien ddi sau sac ddi sd'ng kinh ic. van hda. xd hpi ciia the' gidi hien dai. Cng dung \a phat tnen ICT nhdm thiJc day cdng cupc ddi mdi. phdt trien nhanh vd hien dai hda cdc nganh Kinh tc', tang ctfdng ndng Itfc canh tranh ciia cac doanh nghiep. hd trd cd hieu qua qud trinh chti dgng hgi nhap kinh le qud'c dan, nang cao chat Itfdng cupc song nhan ddn, bao dam an ninh qud'c phdng va tao kha nang di tat ddn dau de thtfc hien tha'ng ldi sU nghiep cong nghiep hda - hien dai hda dat ntfdc.
Chinh phu cung xem viec ffng dung ICT la yeu to' cot ldi de thuc da'y cai cdch hdnh chinh tff Trung tfdng de'n cdc dia phtfdng, vao iffng cdng doan trong cdng viec hanh chinh hang ngay cua mdi mpt can bp, cdng chtfc tai cd quan hanh chinh. gdp phan nang cao hieu qua quan ly, dicu hanh va tac nghiep cila cd quan, ddp ffng td't hdn nhu cau cua cdng dan, td chtfc va Id lien de quan trong de tie'n de'n chinh quyen didn ttf. Vdi stf quye'l tdm phat trien Chinh phu dien ttf hdn 10 ndm qua, Chinh phu Viet Nam da tfu tien, chii ddng day manh stf phat trien cua ngdnh ICT tai Viet Nam.
5Gcd the coi nhtf ha tang cua ha tang va se Id ha tang ra't quan trgng ctia nen kmh td so', xa hpi so' vd dd thi thong minh. Ngiuii ra, 5G cdn cd y nghia chie'n Itfdc qud'c gia trong qua trinh hgi nhdp va phat trien kinhte trong hien tai va ttfdng lai. Cling nhtf qua irinh phdl trien kinh te trong thdi ky cdch mang 4,0 Cdc doanh nghiep Viet So 11 -Thang 5/2020 77
T^poidicnnrtfiic
Nam nhtf Vieiiel. MobiFone vd VinGroup cung dang chu ddng nghidn cffu vd sdn xud't thidt bi cdng nghd quan trpng ndy.
Cu the, sau khi diff nghiem ket ndi lin diu tien trdn mang 5G tei Hd Npi vdo trung min thing 5/2019. ngdy 9/8/2019, Viettel phdi hpp vdi ddi tdc Ericsson tiep tuc thff nghidm mang 5G d Thdnh phd Hi Chi Minh. Viettel phdt sdng 1.000 tram sff dung cdng nghd NB-IoT (cdng nghd ddnh cho thilt hi kit ndi intemet van vdt), phiS kin 100% dia bdn Thdnh phd Hd Chf Minh - dia phtfdng diu tien dtfpc phu sdng loT. Tlieo cdng bd cija Viettel, sau khi thtfdng mai hda dich vy SG vdo ndm 2020, Viettel se cung cd'p 5G tai Hd Npi vd TP.Hd Chi Minh, phuc vu mang bdng rdng di ddng ndng cao (eMBB) tai cdc khu cdng nghidp, khu dd thi; sau ndm 2022 se cung cap dich vu tdi khdch hdng di^ng di dOng. Ddng thdi, Viettel cung c£fp h | sinh thdi cdc ffng dung v l NB-IoT vdi cdc djch vy dd xe thdng minh, gidm sdt chi't Itfdng khdng khi. gidm sdt vi tri, thilt bj do ltfdng.
Tdng cdng ty Viln thdng MobiFone cung cd k l ho^ch d l thff nghidm 5G d 4 thdnh phd Hd Ndi.
Hdi Phdng, Dd NSng vd Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh.
Trong d6, tai thj trtfdng trpng dilm Id TP. H i Chi Minh, Tdp dodn VinGroup dd cdng bd tff nghidn cffu sdn xud^t thidt bj 5G- sdn ph^m tri tud cOa Vi|t Nam. DSy Id thdnh qua quan trpng, cd J nghTa ldn khi doanh nghiep tff nhdn Viet Nam chiH dOng ldm chd cdng n g h | trong qud trtnh phdt triln, ddn diu cdng nghe mdi ddp ffng nhu clu thi trtfdng trong vd ngodi ntfdc.
Bdn canh dd, cdc ngdnh dich vy du lich trtfc tuyd'n, truyin thdng tnfc tuyen vd gpi xe trtfc tuyln cung cd sff vtfdn len manh me. ddng gdp vdo sff phdt triln cua nen kinh te sd Vidt Nam.
Gin ddy. Sinshine Group da cd sdn giao dich BDS trffc tuyln, tiep dd !d VinGroup (Vinhomes) cflng da thdnh lap sdn giao djch BDS tnfc tuyen.
Ngay trong ngdy diu. dd cd 200 giao dich didnh cdng vtfpt ngodi sff mong dpi.
Trong ddt chdng dai dich Covid-19 vffa qua.
kdt qud thdnh cdng ngodi mong dpi khi khdng c6 ca tff vong ndo cho den thdi diem hien tai chinh Id nhd sff dung khdm va hpi chan tnfc myln vdi stf tham gia cda cdc chuydn gia y te dau nganh. Dieu ndy da giup cdc ca bdnh ndng qua dffpc tinh trang
nguy kich, ddng thdi dupe thi'gidi cdng nhdn- O gdc dd cd quan qudn I^ nhd ntfd. Bp Thdng tin vd Truyin thdng ddnh gid vide cdc nha mang thff nghidm mang 5G Id mdt btfdc di quan trpng nham kiem tra cdc vd'n d l v l ky thuat nhtf vdng phff, thiet l$p mang liftJi..., tff dd dtfa ra sff tdi tfu cho mang Iffdi, chu^n bi cho thtfdng mai hda sau ndy. Nhi$m vu trong didi gian tdi, Thff tffdng Chinh phff dd nhS'n manh cin tfip trung phdt ttiln h? ting cdng nghd thdng tin vd truyin thdng, sdm triln khai thi dilm hd thdng mang 5G. Nhtf v§y d l thCy i^ng, viec cdc nhd mang diu tff 5G ddng vai trd nft quan trpng cho sff phdt triln kinh tl^ - xa hdi dd't nffdc, cung nhff manh dan tidn sfiu vdo mdng cdng nghd tidn tiln nha't hien nay nhdm rdt ngin khodng cdch cdng nghd ntfdc nhd vdi cdc ntfdc tidn tiln trdn thi'gidi.
5. K^Tt lu^n
Kinh td Vidt Nam cd tdc dd tdng tnfdng GDP nam 2019 Id 7,02% thupc nhdm tdng nhanh nhS't thi' gidi nd m 2019. Trong dd, kinh td sd cd tdc dd tdng trtfdng t^ 1^ 38% tinh tff ndm 2015 vd ddng gdp 5% GDP qudc gia trong ndm 2019. Viet Nam hidn Id mpt trong nhffng dia diem dau ttf kinh t l sd hdng dau tai Ddng Nam A. Tdng gid tri giao dich (GMV) trdn thi trffdng thtfdng maii dipn tff Vidt Nam tfdc tinh dat 5 ti USD trong ndm 2019, cao gd:p 12,5 Iln mffc 0,4 ti USD cOa ndm 2015.
Dtf dodn GMV ngdnh ndy se tdng tdi 23 ti USD vdo ndm 2025 vdi tdc dp tdng trffdng xap xi 49%.
Tai Vipt Nam, tang Idp trung lffu phdt trien nhanh tfdc tinh tdng g^p 2 lan - dat 33 tri^u ngtfdi d thdi didm 2020 so vdi 16 tridu ngtfdi cda ndm 2014. Tdc dd dd thi hda cda Vidt Nam d?t mffc 35% vdo nam 2016 vd tfdc tinh d?t 40% ndm 2020. Sffc tieu thu khdng id ciia ddi tffpng quan trpng ndy Id yd'u td chinh d i n dl'n nhu clu cdi thien hd thdng cd sd ha ting thiet yd'u, dau ttf vd ket ndi kinh doanh, tff dd thdc d l y tang trtfdng thtfdng mai trong do cd thtfdng mai didn tff.
Phdt trien nhanh cd sd ha ting thidt ydu cd the giup g|dm chi phi sdn xua't. tff dd thu hut hdn nffa vdn dau tff ntfdc ngodi. Vidt Nam sS cd l.;i thd canh tranh rat idn khi dtfpc xem Id trung Um sdn xud't cOa thd siidi. Diiu ndy ddng vai trd het sffc quan trpng irong phdl triln cd sd hai tang thiei '•'
cfia qudc g i a " ''~^
78 Sif 11 - Thang 5/2020
KINH TE
TAI LlfU THAM KHAO:
1 Eric Schmidt. Ponalhan Rosenberg va Alan Eagle (20181. Cdch qudn in moi cdng ly sdng iao. NXB Tre 2. RobcnT Kiyo'^ii^i {2019). Doanh nghiep ciia the k\ 21 NXB Tre.
3. Tran Van Thien (2020). Kinh te sd va cd hoi cua nguon nhan lUc Thanh pho' Ho Chi Minh. Tap chi Cdng Thucmg. So] Ihdng 1/2020.
Ngay nhfin bai: 17/4/2020
Ngay phan bipn ddnh gia va sffa chffa: 27/4/2020 Ngay chfi'p nh§n ddng bai: 7/5/2020
Thdng tin idc gid:
TS.TR.\N VANTHI^N Trtfdng Dai hpc Vdn Lang
THE IMPORTANT ROLE OF ESSENTIAL TECHNICAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN VIETNAM'S ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
• Ph.D TRAN VAN THIEN Van Lang University
ABSTRACT:
This paper clarifies the important role of essential technical infrastructure in Vietnam's economy and presents the current state, opportunities and solutiosn for sustainabiy developing essential infrastructure for the country's economy. This paper also highlights the Government of Vietnam's guiding role in planning, investing and issumg policies to encourage the diversification of capital sources, creating conditions for economic sectors and people to participate in building essential infrastrucmre in order faciliteting die national economic development.
Keywords: Economy, essential infrastructure, information and communications technology.
S d l l -Thdng5/2020 79
