TAP CHJ KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN LANG I.e Thj Bich Thuy
C 6 N G N G H E T H I C O N G DAM U VA NHL NG \ AN DE CAN LUU Y TRONG D V AN DU^OTNG SAT DO THI
TECHNOLOGY OF U-GIRDER CONSTRVCTIOS AND XOTICIXG ISSUES I.W METRO LINE PROJECT
LiTHfBtCHTHi}^-'
TdM TAT: Thi cong kit cdu nhip ddm U bdng cong nghe lao Idp timg dot dam can ddm bdo tudn thu nghiem ngat cdc yeu edu vi ky thuat. Trong bdi viet ndy, chiing toi se gi&i thi?u cong nghi thi cong kit cdu nhip ddm U cho phdn du&ng sdt trin cao. xem xet mpt so su c6 da xdy ra trong qud trinh thi edng. tir do tim hiiu nguyen nhdn vd de xudt cdc bi^n phdpxirty trong timg ti-u&ng hpp eu thi ve cong nghi thi cong trin tuyen Metroso I: Bin Thanh - Suoi Tiin tgi Thdnh pho Ho Chi Mmh.
Tirkhda: ddm U; lao lap; dot ddm; du&ng sdt trin cao.
ABSTRACT: Construction the U-girder segments by technique of launching one by one girder need to ensure folio-wing technological requirements. In this paper, we introduce construction technique for overhead metro, looking into problems that have occurred, find causes and propose solutions for each case of construction technique of Metro line I: Ben Thanh - Suoi Tien in Ho Chi Minh City.
Keywords: U-girder; launching; segment; overhead metro.
l.DATVANDE
Hi|n nay, tuyen Meyo sd 1: Ben Thanh - Sudi Tien dang tiep tuc gap rut thi cdng va thanh phd earn ket se hoan thanh dung tien dp vao nam 2020. Cae hang mue trong gdi than dudng sat yen cao va khu vyc chiia cac toa xe dat tien dp khoang
"^7%, toan bd dy an dat khoang 60% tien IIQ. D\r an eham tidn dp thi cdng do nhieu nguyen nhan, yong bat viet nay ehiing tdi chi tap trung vao edng nghe thi cdng cac dot dSm due san yong gdi thau duong sat tren cao. Cdng viec tidp theo la tiep tuc hoan thi?n, xay dyng eae nha ga yen cao.
Cong n ^ e thi edng lao lap cac khdi nhip
* ^ U la mdt yong nhirng cdng nghe tidn
tidn va hien dai lan dau tien dupe ap dung tai Viet Nam tren tuyen dudng sat dd thi.
Viec ap dung edng nghe thi cdng lao lap cac khoi nhip dim U ed nhimg khd khan nhit dinh trong ky thuat thi cdng va mpt sd nii ro vd an toan lao ddng. Tren cdng tnrcmg thi cdng da cd xay ra mdt sd sy cd va ehung ta cSn phai nghien cuu va de xuat bien phap k h k phue. Do dd, npi dung bai vidt gidi thieu edng nghe thi edng dSm U, ddng thdi tim hidu nhihig sy cd va bien phap xii ly.
2. NQI DUNG
2.1. TSng quan vd tuyen Metro so 1 Tuydn dudng sat dd thi sd 1: Ben Thanh - Suoi Tien dupe Uy ban Nhan dan
''^^^.TS.lruimgD^hQcVmiLang. Ieilubicfjihuy(&vanlanguni.edu.vn. Ma sd- TCKH17-I2-2019 85
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN LANG S6 17. Thii!g9:iHli Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh phe duyet vdi sy
hd yp vay vdn ODA (Official Development Assistance) ciia Ngan hang hpp tac Qudc te Nhat Ban (JICA) ky kdt vai Chinh phu Viet Nam ngay 30-3-2007. Chieu dai tuyen la 19,7 km, vcri 17.1 km di yen cao va 2.6 km di ngam. Doan yen eao, tni 5 cau dAm lien tyc thi cong theo phuang phap khac, cdn lai la eac nhip gian dan ap dung cdng nghe thi cdng lao lap cae khdi nhip dam U.
Theo gdi thSu sd 2: Ben Thanh - Sudi Tien tOr ga Ba Son den khu vye ehua cac toa xe {dien tieh 27 ha) Sudi Tien vdi cac hang muc chinh gdm 5 cau dam lien tuc ed kh4u dp lan, 11 nha ga tren eao, 14.5 km cau can.
Hinh 1. Thong tin tuyen Metro so 1 (Ben Thanh - Suoi Tien) [1], [5]
Sguon Internet
2.2. Cau tao dang tru cau va ket cau nhip Cdu tgo tru edu.- Hau het eac try la dang khung T, yong dd phan xa mii dupe thiet kd gdm 6 bd cap dy iing lyc. Cac bd cap dupe cang qua 2 giai doan: Giai doan 1 cang 4 bd cap ben yong va giai doan 2 cang tidp 2 bd ben ngoai sau khi thi edng ket cau nhip.
Hinh 2. Cdu lao try c3u myfn Metro so 1 14], [5], Nguon: Du an
Ket cdu nhip- Tren toan tuyen cd 3 dang ket cau dupe sudung: [1], [5], [6]
Ket c5u nhjp lien tuc: thidt kd rieng cho 5 eau dac bidt: Van Thanh, Dien Bien Phu, Sai Gdn, Rach Chide va Xa 16 Ha Ndi. Cac cau nay ed tidt dien hinh hop vdi chieu eao thay ddi va dupe thi cdng theo cdng nghe due hang can bang;
Dim U kep: Thidt kd tai nhirng doan tiep ndi di vao va di ra eac nha ga, due tai chd trdn he da giao cd dinh;
Dam U lap ghep: Toan bp cac doan edn lai sii dung phuang phap thi edng lap ghep phan doan tren da giao di dpng. Dang tiet dien nay se dupe phan tich ky trong npi dung bai viet (Hinh 3).
Hinh 3. He gian giao lip ghep cua FVR [5]
l^guon: du dn
TAPCHl KHOA HCX: DAI HQC VAN LANG
2J. Cteg nghf san suat va lao lip tiam t 111. Mil cit ngang ket cau nhip ddm U Cic d6t dam dugc bo tri cac ong ghen chd sin, chieu <iai moi dot dien hinh la 2.85 m va d6t tai dinh tiu la 1.175 m. Cap du tag Itic dupe bo tri tren ban canh va day di.dJm[ll,[2].
11.1 Cong nghf thi cong sdn xuat dot iimVilucsan
Cong nghe thi cdng sdn xudt dot ddm
Bang 1. Trinh tir san
Li Thj BIch Thuv
Uducsdn (3 phucmg phdp):
1) Phucmg phdp khudn ditc ngan; Sis dung cho cdc ddt diin hinh cua nhip cong N dot dam dau tien dugc diic tit giua nhip la dot dam S6. Cac ddt tijp theo, sii dung be mat ciia khoi da diic lam van khuon chan dau voi trinh tu tir d6t S6-> S1. TiSn dg due la 11 ngay (ni ngay 1 d k ngay 6: diic ni S6 ->S1; tit ngay 7 den ngay 11; diic phia d6i ximgtCtS6->Sr)[3], [4], [6].
xuat dot dam nhip cong
Trinh ttr sin xuat dot d a m U nhip cong Hinh £nh minh hpa ftgay I - Due dot S6 giiia van khuon chdn dau ddm co dinh
HI idu chan so 2 (Van khuon chan ddu)
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Ngay 2: Di chuyen S6 din v/ iri dot chan ddu; Due S5 giira van Ickudn chgn ddu ddm cd dinh vd mpi mat doi S6 (Mdt van Uiuon khap noi v&i dot S5).
Ngdy 3: Di chuyen S6 lu be dtic den bdi tdp ket; Di chuyen SS den vj Iri dot chgn ddu; Diic S4 giua vdn khuon chdn ddu co iinh va mgt mgl dot S5 (Mgl vdn khuon khdp not vdi dot S4).
Ngay 4: Di chuyen S5 tir b? due den bat tap ket, Di chuyen S4 din vj tri dot chgn ddu; Diic S3 giira vdn khuon chgn ddu cd djnii va mQl mgt dot S4 (Mgl vdn khuon khap noi vdi dot S3).
Ngdy 5: Di chuyen S4 tir bi due den bdi tgp kit; Di chuyen S3 den vj tri dot chgn ddu; Due S2 giira vdn khuon chgn ddu cd djnh vd mpt mgl doi S3 (Mdl vdn khuon klidp noi vdi dot S2)
Ngdy 6: Di chuyen S3 lir b? diic den bdi Igp kit, Di chuyen Sldin vj tri dot chgn ddu; Due SI giiia vdn khudn chgn ddu cd dink vd mpt mgl dot S2 (Mat vdn khudn khap noi vdi dot SI).
Khitatcad6t(S6, S5, S4, S3, S2, S I ) c u a n u a n h i p d a u t i e n N dugc due, dot S6 dupe di chuyen tra lai be diic lam dot due chSn dau de due nira con lai ciia nhip N bat dau tu dot S5. Bat dau tir ngay thj 7 d6n ngay thti I I .
2) Phuang phdp khuon diic ddi: Sii dvng cho cac dot dam diin hinh eua nhip Ihang, ddt d ^ d4u tien duoc due tit dau
nhip la SI va cac ddt dupe due lien tuc tii diu nhipden cuoi nhjp SI ^ S r [3], [4].
TAP CHl KHOA HOC D.AI HOC \ ' A N LANG S i l 7 . T h A n B 9 ^ : Z 0 1 9 Bang 2. Trinh tu san xuit dot dim di£n hinh cua nhjp thing
Trinh tu san luat dot dam dien hinh cua nhip thing
"v'gdy 1: Diic SI (sir dung hai vdn khuon).
Ngdy 2: Due S2; SI ldm ddt vdn khuon chdn ddu.
Ngdy 3: Diic S3: S2 ldm dot vdn khudn chdn; SI dung de giir on dinh.
Hinh anh minh h^a
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Ngdy 4: Chuyen SI den be due ngdn dung due cdc ddt dinh tru de diic dot ESI: Due S4. S3 ldm dot vdn khuon chgn, S2 dung de giir dn dinh.
Ngdy 5. Chuyen S2 den bdi; Diic S5: S4 ldm dot vdn khudn chdn; S3 diing de giu dn dinh.
Ngdy 6: Chuyen S3 den bai; Dtic S6: S5 ldm dot vdn khuon chgn: S4 diing di giir on dinh; Bdi ddu due SI nhjp N+1.
Ngdy 7: Chuyen S4 den bdi: Due S5': S6 ldm dot vdn khudn chgn, S5 dimg di giii dn dinh. Due S2 nhip N-^1; SI ldm dot vdn khuon chgn nlijp N+I.
Ngdy 8: Chuyen S5 den bdi. Diic S4': S5' Idm dot vdn khuon chdn: S6 dimg di giu on dinh. Due S3 nhip W+7, S2 ldm dot vdn khuon chdn nhfp N-^ I: SI dung di giii on dmh.
Ngdy 9; Chuyen S6 den bdi, Due S3': S4' ldm dot vdn khuon chdn: S5' diing de giir dn djnh. Chuyen SI din be due ngdn dung diie cdc dot dinh try di diic dot ESI nhip N+1;
Diie S4 nhip N+1. S3 tdm dot vdn khuon chgn nhip N+1. S2 diing de giii dn dfnh.
Ngdy 10: Chuyen S5' din bdi: Diie S2': Doi S3' ldm dot ddm vdn khudn chdn; S4' de giU dn djnh; Chuyin dot S2 din bdi: Bite S5 nh\p N+1: S4 ldm doi vdn khudn chgn nhfp
N+l; Ddt ddm S3 de giiidn dinh. Q U J ^ " |... | H ^ | 1 > | ( Ngdy 11- Chuyen S4' den bdi. Ehic SI'. S2' ldm ddt vdn
khudn chdn: S3' diing di giu dn dinh: Chuyin S3 den bai, Ehic S6 nhip N+l: S5 ldm dot vdn khudn chdn nhip N+l: S4 diing de giir on dinh. Hodn thiin khoi due SI din SI'.
3) Phuang phdp khuon due be ngdn tgi dinh tni: Sir dung cho cac ddt dinh tm d 2 dSu d4m {nhip thang va cong), ddt dam
dupe due la ESI va ESl', chidu dai 1 175m [3]. [4].
TiPfHi KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN LANG Le Thj Bich Thuv
Hinh 4. Trinh ty san xuat dot dam tai dinh try ESI va ES
lU. Trinh tu thi cong sdn xudt dot ddm Udiic san (4 bu&c):
Birdc 1 - Gia cong thep vd nghiem thu khung thep: Khung cdt thep dupe gia cdng siin bao gdm cdt thep thuang, dng chiia cap d\r ung lyc dat dung vi tri va dupe lien ket chic chan hong khung.
Buffc 2 - Ldp dgt khung thep vdo vdn khuon: Van khudn dupe ve sinh va quet dung djch chdng dinh Sika Separol; Dat khung thep da dupe kiem ya vao be diie;
Up dat cae van khudn chan dau 1 va 2;
Tnioc khi lap dat cae van khudn yong, phai CO bien ban nghiem thu hoan thanh giira cic ben cho viee lap dat khung chdng, van wuon ben ngoai, khung thep va cac van ithuon chan dau; Kidm ya lan cudi, dieu chinh hinh dang dam trudc khi due; Lap
^ CO dinh cae dng bam {cdn gpi la
Ngudn: Du dn
"satujo" - de bao ve cho dng ghen khdi bj bien dang).
Budc 3 - Cong tde do be long dot ddm:
Tien hanh dd be tdng ddt dam; Bao dudng ddt d5m; Thao van khudn sau khi dat ket qua nen mlu 12 gid tdi thieu 14 Mpa, thyc hien cdng tac do dae hinh hpc sau khi due.
Danh d4u dot d5m (Sd ID nhan dang va ngay due).
Birdc 4 - Cong tdc hodn ihien vd luu trd-: Thao lien kdt giira ddt dam viia diic va ddt dam chan; Tinh tidn ddt d4m viia due ddn vi yi lam dau chan cho ddt tiep theo;
Di chuydn cac ddt dim den khu vuc hoan thien, sau khi da dat dupe dp ciing theo yeu cdu (khi cudng dp nen mau la 45MPa);
Hoan thien cac edng tae ddi vdi ddt dam;
Ckt giii va van ehuyen dot dam den cdng trudng (Hinh 5) (Hinh 6).
T-\P CHI KHOA HOC B \ l H(K \ \N L W u 5 l - . l l . . . n a l ;
^?«^5j*r-?='- uTrf^'
Hinh 5. Khuon due dam cho dot due dien hinh [31, [41
Ngudn: Du dn
2.4. Trinh ty thi cong lao lap dam U Gdm 7 budc ea ban: Chuan bj cae yang thiet bi va vat tu cho cdng tac lao dam; Lap dat xe lao vao vi tri; Cau xep thii ty cac ddt dam U theo dung thii ty, Dan keo Epoxy va ddng thdi cang thanh dy ung lyc tam; Ludn cap cac bd; Cang cap; Cat cap va bam vira dng ghen. Lao nguac, thao dd dam va hoan thien. \pi dung quan ypng nhat eua viec thi cdng lao lap dam U la:
Lao lap nhip, kiem soat mat mat ting suat trong qua trinh cang cap {mat mat tiic thdi) va sau khi eang cap (mat mat theo thdi gian), kiem ya dp vdng.
2.5. Mpt sd sy cd thirong xay ra, nguyen nhan va bien phap xii ly
Trong qua yinh dieu hanh san xuat, da ed mdt sd sy cd xay ra khi due cac ddt dam.
Dan vi thi cdng cung ban quan ly va giam sat da nghien ciiu nguyen nhan, tim hieu va
Hinh 6. Cai giuva \jn chuV' Joi d.im lien cong tmimg Nguon: Difdn
dua ra bien phap xii ly kip thdi de giai quyet van de.
2.5.1. Xudt hien vet phdn tdng tgi cd hai mat chgn cda dot ddm
Nguyen nhdn: Thdi gian cap be tdng chenh lech giira xe I va xe 2 la I gid 55 phut gay ra sy ddng ket be tdng cue bd eua xe 1 trudc khi dd xe thii 2.
Bien phdp xir ly: Can chu y dam bao thdi gian cap be tdng giua 2 Ian dd. Cdng tac dam be tdng phai luu y dam deu giiia cac diem va theo dung quy dinh vd dim be tdng de yanh hien tuong phan ting; Tidn hanh cdng tac khoan loi tai mdt sd vj tri eo dau hieu phan ting rd nhit yen cac bd mat cua ddt dam; Sau khi hoan thanh cae cdng viec khoan Idi kiem tra cuong dp be tdng, tien hanh xu ly sy phan tang bing vat lieu Sikagrout 214-11 va mai sach bd mat.
Hinh 7. Khoan lay loi de kiem tra vi?c phan tang
l^guon: Du a
^^prHiKHOA HOC D » l HtpC VAN LANO Le Thj Bich Thiiy
15.1 RS li ""S ^'y " '<" ' " • " ' ' """• '™' (ua dot dam
Nguyen nhdn; Be tong bi kho/cimg qua i j ^ do nhiet do moi trucmg (hucmg anh
^ g chieu vao); Xe bom be tong bi hong, lxi|c d6 2 d6t dim citng liic bang 1 xe bom, do cl6, thoi gian d6 be tong cho 1 dot dam bj keo dai trong khi tinh linh dpng ciia be long qua ngjn; Cong tac d4m be tong chua phiih(ip.
Bien phdp xu ly; Chuan bi tdt cho cong lie (16 be tong, bao duong be tong, dam be long dJ tranh xay ra su co; Due bo, lam sjch bS mat kh6i due bjng may nen khi;
lim Sm bS mat va lap dat van khuon; Tron Sikagtout 214-11 va rot vao van khuon de lip djy cac lo rSng. Ngay hom sau thao van kliuon va mai cac phin viia du thira.
15.3. Ong ghen chim cap cua bi mat dot iim bi d\ch chuyin khdi vj tri
Nguyen nhdn; Trong qua trinh do be long d6t diim, 6ng ghen chita cap bi dich cliuySn do thi cong IJp dat ong noi cap khong chinh xac; Su thiSu kiSm tra chat che da rac ben lien quan dan den sir lech huijng cHa ong chua cap.
Bien phap xu ly; Trudc va trong qua Oinh d6 be long dim, kiem tra thirong xuyen vi tri dat 6ng ghen cap du img lire.
Sau khi da be tong, khi be tong con tuoi, kiem tra mpt lan ntia de chinh sita kip thcri DEU bi lech; Su lech huong cua ong cap se ilugc xii ly bing phucmg phap khoan loi tai v| tri dimg tim cua 6ng (ttuong hgp xit ly tay chi su dung cho nhung d i m ma ong cip b| lech vcri sai so trong gioi han cho phep, neu vupt gioi han nay, dot dam se phai pha huy va chS tap lai dot dam moi);
Ttong qua trinh dan keo cac dot dam, mpt
ong thong khi dupe dat tir vi tri noi cap len phia tren mat dira va lien ket vpi mpt van de khong khi trong ong thoat dupe ra ngoai; Trong qua trinh bom vira, van se dupe mo de khong khi khong bi giir lai cho den khi dong viia chay ra deu, dong van lai.
Sau khi bom vita hai ngay, cat bo phan ong phia tren sat be mat be tong cua dot dam (Hinh 8).
Hinh 8. Ong tha dat vao dc bcrm vua Nguon: Difdn
2.5.4. Nhirng truong top thirmggip khic V8t nirt rpng doc theo khu vuc sucm vom tai mat day canh dam eiia cac dot dam do qua trinh d6 va d i m be tong khong dung each va khong ky. N5u bk rpng vet nut qua Ion, phai loai bo dim va diic lai. Ngupc lai, CO thi diing eac bien phap tram va vet nirt.
Cac diu neo sau khi cang cap va bom viia bi ri hpac nirt be tong ducri dau neo.
Nguyen nlian; Do bao quan dau neo khong t6t nen bi ri; Niit be tong duoi diu neo CO thS do qua trinh cang cap dem neo bi nghieng lech, hoae khong dii c6t thep gia cuong sau neo din din ap luc khi cang phan b6 khong diu xudng be tong, hoac be tong khong dii kha nang chju nen bi nirt duoi dau neo.
Bien phap xi ly; C i n bao quan neo that tot tranh neo bi ri set ttudc khi cang. Khi cang cap luon phai b e m tta kich cang, ap luc kich phai tang din theo timg cap. Kiem
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN LANG s i 17. Th4ng^::2019 tra ludi cdt thep gia eudrng sau neo trudc
khi dd be tdng, tranh hien tuong niit be tdng dudi dau neo; Dau neo, cap se dupe ve sinh va quet \-iJa \i mang; Vet nut yen ldp viia dau neo se dupe tram yet bang Sikadur.
2.5.5. Mgt so van de ve an toan trong tbi cong
Trong qua yinh thi cdng san xuat va lao lip eae ddt dam, cd the xay ra nhiing nii ro ve an toan lao ddng nhu: Van hanh sai do thieu kien thiic chuyen mdn ve sit dung thidt bi va chua nam ro cac nhiem vu can lam. Hieu sai, thieu tuang tac giua nhung ngudi thyc hien; Rai vat nang khi khdng sir dung dung cac diem nang phii hpp da chi dinh; Lam vide vao ban dem khdng dam bao an toan dan den te nga tir tren cao xudng. De khae phue nhung rui ro tren, chiing ta can dac biet luu y: Thye hipn thudng xuyen cac budi tap huan an toan lao ddng; Bat bupc phai mac dd bao hp lao dpng trong thdi gian lam viec yen cdng
yudng; Trang bi Idi tidp cgn an toan tir mgt dat den ncri lam vice.
3. KET LUAN
Cdng ngh? thi cdng lao lip phan dogn dim U yen da giao di ddng la cdng ngh?
thi cdng hien dai, lin diu tien ap dyng tgi Viet Nam cho tuydn dudng sat do thi. Cdng nghe nay cd nhidu im diem ve thdi gian thi edng ngin, tdc dp lao lap nhanh,... Vipe thi cdng eac ddt dim nhu nhau, cdng vi?c lap di lap lai dan ddn tinh chuyen nghi?p hda, ca gidi hda cao va tinh kinh te khi dupe san xuit hang loat. Trong qua trinh thi cdng, vide de phdng ngan ngira nhiing sy co cd the xay ra la het sire quan ypng. Va khi da xay ra su cd, ehung ta phai tim ra diing nguyen nhan de tir dd dua ra bi9n phap khac phuc mdt each hop ly va kinh te nhat.
Chinh vi vay bai viet ed diic nit mpt sd kinh nghiem tu thyc te thi cdng dam U, yinh bay mot vai sy cd thudng ggp, tu dd phan tich nguyen nhan va dua ra cae giai phap khic phue mpt each hop ly nhit.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Ban Quan ly Dudng sat Dd thi (2010), Tdi li?u thiit ke, Nxb Giao Thdng Van Tai, Ha Npi.
[2] Bd Giao Thdng Van Tai (2005), Tieu chudn thiit kd cdu 22TCN 272-05, Nxb Giao Thdng Van Tai, Ha Npi.
[3] Dgi dien tu van Phap, Tieu chudn STRASYA (Tieu chudn ky thuat he thong BSBT dia chdu A).
[4] Lien danh tu van va nha thau, Bien phdp thi cong ciia FVR vd NJPT [5] Tieu chuan xay dung gdi thau sd 2; Xdy dung (Tren cao vd nhd ga).
[6] Florida Department of yansportation. Bureau construction (10/1989), A guide to the construction of segmental bridge.
Ngay nhan bai: 08-7-2019. Ngay bien tap xong: 16-9-2019. Duyet dang: 25-9-2019
