THVC HANH QUY£H c 6 H a T 6 . KI£M SAT HOAT C ^ H G TIT PHAP VA XAY pyna MGAHH KSWD
KY N A N G GIAO T I E P CUA KIEM SAT VIEN
TRONG HOAT DONG TRANH TUNG TAI PHIEN TOA HINH SU
NGUYEN BifC HANH*
De thirc hifn tot vai tro cong to bugc tgi bj cdo tgi phiin tod thi doi hoi Kiem sdt vien phai c6 nhimg pham chat, ky n&ng nghe nghiep nhat dinh. MQt trong nhihig ky nang quan trpng, do la ky ndng giao tiep v&i nhimg ngudi tien hanh to tung vd ngirdti tham gia to tving. Trong bai viet, tdc gia t^p trung di sau phan tich ve nhiing ky ndng giao tiip ca ban trong hogt dgng tranh tung nhu: Ky nang lang nghe, ky ndng quan sdt, ky ndng sir dyng ngon ngir, ky nang d^t cau hoi...
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rong tien trinh cai each tu phdp, dS tang cudng tranh tyng tai phien toa nham dat dupe muc dich ciia to tung hinh sy la phat hien chinh xac, nhanh chong va xir ly cdng minh, kip thdi mpi hanh vi pham tpi, khong de lot tpi pham, khong lam oan ngudi vd tgi thi cac ben tham gia tranh tung tai phien toa phai the hien dupe vai tro ciia minh. Doi vdi Kiem sat vien (KSV), de thuc hien dupe vai tro cdng to budc tpi bi cao tai phien toa doi hdi KSV phai c6 nhiing pham chat, ky nang nghe nghiep nhat dinh. Mpt trong nhimg ky nang het siic quan trpng, do la ky nang giao tiep trong tranh tung tai phien toa vdi nhiing ngudi tien hanh to tung nhu Tham phan, Hdi tham nhan dan, Thu ky Toa an; giao tiep, tiep xiic vdi nhirng ngudi tham gia to tung nhu: Ngudi bi hai, ngudi lam chiing, nguyen don dan sy, bi don dan sy, ngudi cd quyen lai, nghia vu lien quan, Luat su, ngudi bao chiia, ngudi bdo ve quyen va Ipi ich hpp phap cho ngudi khac, ngudi gidm dinh, ngudi phien dich, bi cao...Ky nang giao tiep ciia KSV trong tranh Uing tai phien toa, theo chiing toi do la kha
nang KSV sir dyng nhimg tri thiic ciia ban than mpt cdch nhuan nhuyen, cd hipu qua vdo ho^t dpng tranh h^ng tren nen tang nhirng ky nang giao tiep ca ban nh^t dinh trong hoat dpng tranh tung nhu: Ky nang Idng nghe; ky nang quan sdt; ky nang sur dyng ngdn ngu; ky nang dat cau hdi; ky nang sii dung ngon ngii CO the; ky nang ra soat lai nhiing cao budc ciia KSV; ky nang doi ddp, phdn bac cac quan diem sai trai; ky nang thuyet phyc; ky nang xii ly doi vdi cac tinh huong dpt xudt, bat thudng;
ky nang duy tri sy ty tin; ky nang tir chdi giao tiep; ky nang ghi nhd vd dam bdo sy nhat quan trong trinh bay cac npi dung da chuan bi tii trudc; ky nang thay doi t r ^ g thdi giao ti^p; ky nang ghi nhan nhirng diem tuong ddng; ky nang sii dyng cac cong cy, phuong tien ky thuat hd trp se dupe chiing toi di sau vdo phan tich dudi day.
1. Ky ndng Ifing nghe
Tai phien toa, sau khi cong bo bdn cao tr^ng, KSV phai chu y ISng nghe Hpi ddng xet
Th^c si, Trucmg Dm hQc Kiem sit Ha N0i.
I Tap chi KIEM SAT
Tinyc HAMH ouvfiM C 6 H G Td, KI^M SAT HOAT P Q N G TIT PHAP VA XAY pyWG NGANH KSND
xii dat cau hdi doi vdi bi cdo va nhimg ngudi tham gia to tyng khac, dong thdi chii ^ lang nghe Idi trinh bay ciia hp nhdm giiip KSV phat hien nhung van de lien quan ciia vu dn chua dupe xet hdi de khi den lupt minh x6t hdi KSV cd the dat cau hdi bo sung mpt cdch chinh xdc, day dii giiip cho qud trinh dieu tra cong khai tgi phien toa dupe toan dipn.
Lang nghe bi cao va nhiing ngudi tham gia td tyng trinh bay tai phien toa se giiip KSV thay dupe su khdc biet, thay doi giua ho so vy an da duac thu tb^p va dien bien thyc t8 tai phien tda cd gi gidng nhau va khdc nhau de khi luan tpi hay tham gia tranh luan, doi dap, KSV cd nhiing nhan dinh, danh gia va de xuat xu ly vu an dupe xdc thyc va toan dien ban.
Lang nghe tai phien tda mdi cd the giiip KSV nit ra dupe nhuTig chiing cii thuyet phuc, ed gia tri vi dupe khai thac tir chinh ngudn chung cii la edc Idi khai viia dupe trinh bay tai phien toa va nhu vay thi viec luan tpi, de nghi giai quy8t vu an ciia KSV vdi Hdi ddng xet xii. Cling nhu viec thuc hien doi dap tai phien tda se cd ket qua tot.
Khi tranh luan tai phien tda, doi hdi KSV phai chii y lang nghe mdi cd the phat hien nhiing thieu sdt trong viec bao ve cac luan cii bao chiia cua Luat su, ngudi bao chua, bi cao de phan bac mpt each cd hieu qud, nham thuyet phuc Hpi dong xet xir va nhiing ngudi tham dy phien tda.
Tai phien tda, KSV phai chii y lang nghe de phat hien, vach tran nhung Idi khai gian doi, Idi khai do loi, vu khong... duac trinh bay tai phien tda, cd nhu vay mdi gdp phan giai quyet vu dn mpt each khdch quan, chinh xac. Thong qua viec chu y lang nghe se giiip cho KSV phat hien dupe nhiing npi dung md bi cao, ngudi tham gia to tyng trinh bay dai ddng, khong lien quan den vy dn de dh xuat vdi Chii tpa phien tda cat nhung Idi trinh bay nay.
Thai dp tich eye lang nghe ciia KSV tai phien tda Id mpt trong nhiing ehd dya tinh than quan trpng doi vdi ngudi bj hai, nhan chiing, bi cao... tao cho hp sy tin tudng vdo phap luat, tin tudng vdo cdng ly, tii dd trinh bay Idi khai tai phien tda mpt cdch that thd, thanh khdn, ddy dii, giiip KSV hieu rd ban chdt vu an d6 dua ra nhiing de nghj thau tinh, dat ly vdi Hpi dong xet xir.
Trong tranh tung tai phien toa, KSV phdi chii y lang nghe Chii Ipa phien tda dieu hanh phien tda thi mdi cd the thuc hien dupe nhirng nhiem vy ciia minh mpt each chuan xac, kip thdi.
2. Ky nang quan sat
Phai cd ky nang quan sat tai phien tda tdt khi tranh tung mdi giiip KSV phat hien dupe su ddng tinh cua Hpi ddng xet xir va nhiing ngudi tham gia phien tda de tiep tuc phat huy va ngupc lai, phat hien dupe su phan doi, khong ddng tinh cua Hdi ddng xet xir vd nhiing ngudi tham gia phien tda doi vdi KSV de nhanh chdng dieu chinh each thiic, bien phap tranh tung sao cho phii hpp, cd nhu vay boat dpng tranh tung ciia Kiem sdt vien tai phien tda mdi dat hieu qua cao.
Khi tham gia tranh tung tai phien tda, KSV phai cd ky nang quan sat tdt mdi cd the phdt hien dupe su bat binh thudng tren khudn mat, cir chi, hanh dpng ciia nhimg ngudi dupe tham van tai phien tda, vi du nhu nhiing bieu hien:
Khuon mat thay doi binh thudng sang tai nhat, md hoi tu dung tiia ra, dao mat lien tuc tim kiem su hd trp... day la nhiing dau hieu thudng thay d nhiing doi tuong cd sy khai bdo gian doi, che giau sy that. Quan sdt phat hien dupe nhiing bieu hien nhu vay se giiip KSV cd nhung phuong phap, chien thuat thich hpp vach tran su khong trung thyc.
Sy nhanh nhen trong quan sat khi tranh tung tai phien tda cdn giiip cho KSV dl phat hien dupe nhiing vi pham ciia nhiing ngudi
Tap chi KIEM SAT I S6 18 (thang 9/2013) I
THVC HAMH QUY£M 0 6 W G T 6 . B I £ M S A T H O ^ T O ^ G TU" PHAP VA XAY pyWO KOAWH KSND
tham gia vd tien hanh to tyng de kip thdi de nghj Chii tpa phien tda ed su chan chinh vd xii ly thich hpp, dam bdo vipc tranh tyng trong phien tda that sy khdch quan, dan chii, binh dang.
Khi tham gia tranh tyng tgi phien tda, ddi hdi KSV phai c6 ky nang quan sdt mdi cd the phdt hipn dupe nhung nhihig doi tupng, bj cao can phdi dupe cdch ly khi tien hdnh x6t hdi de de xuat vdi Hpi ddng xet xir nham trdnh sy thong cung, khai bao gian ddi cua cdc ddi tupfng nay.
3. K5' ndng sir dung ngdn ngO' Khi tham gia tranh tung tai phien tda, neu KSV cang gianh dupe nhieu sy dong tinh, iing hp ciia Hpi ddng xet xir va nhirng ngudi tham dy phien tda thi cang chimg td nang lye ciia KSV. Mudn vay, khi giao tiep KSV phai cd kha nang sir dung ngdn tir that sy don gian, tu nhien, trong sang, luu loat, de hieu, cd each hanh van ro rang, mach lac vdi nhiing cau van khiic triet, tudng minh, ddng thdi khi sii dung nhung tir ngii nude ngoai phai chinh xdc, thong nhat trong viet va phat am se cd kha nang thuyet phuc ngudi nghe tot hon. Nhiing trudng hop KSV su dung ngdn ngii cd qua nhieu tir dia phuong, each trinh bay dai ddng, vdng vo, su dung nhung tir toi nghia, cau van lung ciing, khd hieu..., ca biet cd nhiing trudng hpp KSV su dung Idi le dao to biia Idn hay Idi le mang tinh mat sat se tao ra sy phdn cam ddi vdi Hpi dong xet xir va ngudi nghe.
4. Ky ndng dat cau hdi
Day la mpt trong nhiing ky nang eye ky quan trpng ddi vdi KSV khi tham gia tranh tung tai phien tda, hdi le, chi khi nao KSV dat dupe cau hdi ro rang, de hieu, cd trpng tam, trpng diem khi tham gia xet hdi thi KSV mdi cd the nhan dupe cau tra loi thich dang giiip KSV chimg minh dupe tpi pham vd hanh vi pham tpi, de xuat bien phap giai quyet tdt nhiing van de dan su trong vu an hinh sir, de
xudt vi?c xii ly vgt chiing dupe rapt each ddy du, chinh xdc va d6 xuSt vipc ap dung trach nhi^m hinh sy ddi vdi bj cao dupe cong minh.
Khi tham gia tranh lugn, ddi dap vdi bi cdo, Luat su, ngudi bao chiia trong nhieu tinh huong, KSV phai biet each dat cau hdi de bac bd nhutig lugn diem bao chiia sai trai, khong cd CO sd.
Khi dgt cau hdi trong tranh tyng tgi>phien tda cung ddi hdi KSV phdi neu cau hdi cd thu ty, logic, cau hdi dua ra phdi phii hpp vdi ddi tupng dupe hdi neu khong se khong the thu nhan dupe thong tin nhu mong mudn, dieu dd dong nghTa vdi vipc hi^u qua tham gia tranh tyng khong cao.
5. Ky ndng su- d^ng ngdn ngii co* t h i Ngdn ngii co the cd tdc dyng tao nen sy uy nghiem hoae ngupc Igi tao nen sy mat uy ciia ngudi sir dyng. Ddi vdi KSV, khi tham gia tranh tung tai phien tda ddi hdi phai cd dang di ddng hoang, dTnh dac, phong thai ung dung, gipng ndi truyen cam, to, ro, net mat nghiem tiic, tuoi tan, anh mat nhan tir, vi tha, nu cuoi hien hda, nhan hau... Nhiing ngdn ngii co the ndy cd the tao ra cho KSV uy th8 khi tham gia tranh tung va giao tiep tai phien tda. Ngupc lai, neu KSV co dang di lieu xieu, tdc phong the hien sy hap tap, vpi va, net mat todt nen sy lanh nhgt... se 1dm mat uy the cua KSV khi tham gia tranh tyng tai phien tda.
Nhiing edi gat dau bay td sy dong y cua KSV khi nghe bi cdo va nhirng ngudi tham gia phien tda trinh bay d l dang tao duprc sy tin tudng cua ngudi trinh bay, khuy^n khich hp h-inh bay dupe ddy du hem, chinh xdc ban.
Anh mat nhin nghiem khdc, khuon mat bay td thai dp khong ddng tinh, gipng ndi danh thep se cd tac dyng trong ddu tranh ngan can vd ban che vdi nhimg quan digm sai trdi, nhimg bj cao va ngudi khai bdo gian ddi, quanh co, choi tpi.
Nhiing cai vung tay hpp ly eua KSV trong
m
Tap chi KIEM SATTHyC H A N H QUYfiH C 6 M G T6. M ^ M S A T HOAT P0MG Ttf P H A P V A X A Y P ^ H G H G A N H K S M D
tranh luan se tao them sy thuySt phuc ddi vdi ngudi nghe.
6. Ky nang rk sodt I^i nhihig c^o bu$c cua Kiem sat vi@n
Thyc hien chiic nang bupc tpi tai phien tda, KSV da cdo budc bi cao bang vi?c cong bd Cao trsmg hoac Quyet dinh truy td. Tuy nhien, cho du la Cao trang hay QuySt dinh truy td thi deu dupe xdy dung tren co sd nhiing chiing cii, tai lieu cd trong hd so vy an trudc khi md phien tda. Do nhan thiic v6 vu dn la mpt qua trinh nen tat yeu se cd nhung trudng hpp tai phien tda phat sinh nhiing tinh tiet mdi lam thay ddi ndi dung vu an. Gap trudng hpp nay, ddi hdi KSV phai kip thdi phdt hien nhirng cao budc nao khong cdn co sd khang dinh de myen bd nit mot phan hoac toan bp quyet dinh truy td cho phii hpp vdi dien bien thuc te nham phdt huy tinh dan chii, binh dfing trong tranh tung tai phien tda.
Kha nang ghi nhd va dam bao su nhat quan trong trinh bay cac npi dung da chuan bi tir trudc, ra soat lai nhiing cao budc cua KSV ciing ddng nghTa vdi viec tai phien tda KSV phat hien dupe timg van de can phai giai quyet ciia vu an da cd nhung chiing cii nao chiing minh trong hd so vu an, nhiing chiing cii nao mdi dupe bd sung tai phien tda va nhiing chimg cii nao mat gid tri su dung qua dieu tra cdng khai tai phien tda de tir dd giiip KSV tranh luan, ddi dap mpt each thuy6t phuc khi thuc hien tranh tung tai phien tda.
7. Ky ndng thuyet phuc, d6ng vi§n Day la mpt ky nang quan trpng ma KSV c&i cd khi tham gia tranh tung tai phien tda, bdi le, KSV thudng xuyen phai dpng vien, thuyet phuc cdc bi cao va ngudi khac trong trudng hpp hp chdi tpi, phan cung hoac thay ddi Idi khai trudc dd.
Thuy^ phuc, dpng vien cua KSV se cung cd long tin ciia nhiing ngudi cd nghTa vu khai bao tai phien tda nhung vi ly do ndo dd hp lai
khdng mudn khai bdo, ban nira tao ra su tin tudng cho nhiing doi tuong khai bao thanh khan giiip hp khai bao ro rang hon, day dii ban, chinh xdc ban.
Ky nang dpng vien, thuyet phyc cua KSV trong tranh tung tai phien tda se ciing cd long tin vdo cdng ly cua ngudi bi hai, cung nhu than nhdn ciia hp, mpt sd trudng hop se lam giam bdt su hire xiic tir phia ngudi bi hai, giiip bj cdo thay dupe Idi lam ciia minh de khai bao thanh khan, tao ra su dong tinh, iing hp cua nhirng ngudi tham du phien tda, cung cd niem tin npi tam cho cdc thanh vien Hdi dong xet xir khi phan quyet ddi vdi vu an.
8. Ky nang d6i dap, phan bac cac quan diem sai trai
Khi tranh tung tai phien tda, KSV tham gia doi dap phai cd gipng ndi to, khde, dong dac, truyen cam, phat am ngoai ngii chuan xac va thong nhat dam bao viec doi dap day du vdi timg luan diem ma Luat su, ngudi bao chiia, bi cao neu ra vdi muc dich bao ve Cao trang.
Khi tranh tung tai phien tda, KSV phai kip thdi phat hien nhiing luan diem, quan diem sai trai cita nhiing ngudi tranh tung vdi minh de bac bd va de nghi Hpi ddng xet xu ra phan quyet day du, dimg dan.
9. Ky nang duy tri su binh tinh xur ly ddi vdi cac tinh huong dot xuat, bat thircmg
Qua trinh tranh tung tai phien tda se cd rat nhieu nhimg tinh hudng dot xuat, bat thudng den vdi KSV nhu phat hien nhiing tinh tiet, van de mdi tai phien tda ma trudc do trong hd so vu dn chua the hien hoac tuy cd the hien nhung KSV hieu khdng diing, chua du lieu het, hay cd su cd vii hoac phan doi thai qud cua nhimg ngudi tham du phien tda luu ddng, cd su tan cdng, xiic pham Hpi ddng xet xu va KSV... Trong nhiing tinh hudng nay, ddi hdi KSV phai het siic binh tinh, tim phuong an toi uu de nghi Hdi ddng xet xir kjp thdi cd bien phap dam bao viec tranh tung dupe dan chu.
Tap chi KIEM SAT I S6 18 (thang 9/2013) I
THixc HANH QUYtsx C 6 N G T 6 , K I £ M S A T HOAT E>ONa TU* PHAP VA XAY DVMG MQANHKSND
day du, khdch quan va diing phdp luat.
10. Ky ndng tir choi giao tiip Khi tranh tyng t^i phien tda, KSV thudng xuyen c6 sy doi khdng ve ly le ddi vdi bj cdo, Luat su, ngudi bdo ehira, ngudi bdo vp quyen va Ipi ich hpp phdp ciia bj cdo... Trong qud trinh dau ly nhu v^y cd nhiing trudng hpp phia ddl l^p neu ra nhimg cau hdi khong thupc pham vi xem xet cua vu an, dua ra nhuTig yeu cau mpt cdch qua dang ddi vdi KSV dang duy tri quyen cdng td. Trong tinh hudng ndy, KSV can phdt hipn nhu-ng npi dung khong thupc nghia vy giao tiep ciia minh de tir choi giao tiep, tir chdi tra loi cau hdi, cung nhu tir chdi tranh luan dam bao lich sy, van minh.
Khi tir chdi giao tiep theo de nghi cua Chu tpa phien tda nhu Ididng tham gia viec xet hdi, khdng tra Idi cau hdi thi KSV can trinh bay rd ly do dam bao phii hpp vdi van hda giao tiep, irng xir tai phien tda.
11. Ky ndng thay d6i trang thdi giao ti^p Tham gia tranh tyng tai phien tda, KSV phai giao tiep vdi rat nhieu ddi tupng khac nhau nhu Tham phan, Hdi tham, bi cao, ngudi lam chiing, ngudi giam dinh, ngudi phien dich... Nhu vay, khi thay ddi ddi tupTig giao tiep khac nhau cung ddi hdi KSV phai thay doi trang thai giao tiep cho phii hpp tir cdch dat cau hdi, each tra Idi, each giao dye, thuyet phuc de khai thac thong tin, cd nhu vay mdi giiip KSV thu dupe nhiing thong tin can thi8t dam bao hoan thanh nhiem vy cua minh. Hon nira, cd the thuyet phuc cdc ddi tugng ndy ung hd, thira nhan nhiing quan diem ciia KSV trong viec gidi quyet vu an hinh su.
12. Ky ndng ghi nhan nhii-ng diem tuffng dong
Tranh tyng tai phien tda ciia KSV khdng phai liic nao cung la bdc bd cdc quan didm cua ben ddi tyng, ma ngupc lai, cd nhi6m di§m ben ddi tung vdi KSV dua ra phii hop vdi nhau, phdn anh dung sy that khach quan cua
vy an, gdp phan gidi quy^t diing ddn vy an, khi dd KSV khong dupe dinh ki^n va phai nhanh nhay phdt hipn ra nhiing diem, nhiing yeu td tuong dong, thong nhat vdi nhau de su dyng vdo vipc thyc hipn chiic nang, nhi^m vy cua minh trong tranh tyng.
13. K$' ndng s u dung c^c cdng cy, phuomg ti^n ky thu^t ho trg^
Ngdy nay, ciing vdi su phdt trien cue khoa hpc cong nghp cd rat nhieu cac cong cu phuong tipn, ky thuat ho trp KSV thyc hien vipc tranh tyng tai phien tda nhu mdy ghi am, may chieu, mdy tinh xach tay..., ddi hdi KSV phdi cd ky nang sir dyng cdc thiet bj ndy, ed nhu vay mdi gdp phdn hd trp KSV giao tiep thanh cdng trong tranh tyng tai phien tda. Mat khac, trong tuong lai khi chiing cii di?n tu dupe ghi nhan trong Bp luat Td tyng hinh sy thi cang ddi hdi ky nang sii dung cdc cdng cu, phuong tien ky thuat hd trp cua KSV khi tham gia tranh tung tai phien tda.
Nhu vay, cd the ndi, ky nang giao tiep ciia KSV trong hoat dpng tranh tyng tai phien toa rat da dang, cac ky nang nay cd mpt gid tri rat Idn giiip cho KSV tham gia tranh tyng cd hieu qua. Tuy nhien, de edc ky nang dupe bpc Id, ap dyng mpt cdch nhuan nhuyen, ty nhien thi KSV phai ludn luon cd y thirc tu ren luyen.
Mat khdc, Vi?n kiem sdt nhan dan cdc cap can trien khai cdc gidi phap tich eye gdp phan hoan thipn ky nang giao tiep cho KSV trong tranh tyng tai phien tda nhu thudng xuyen td chirc phien tda mau, phien tda nit kinh nghiem, tdng ket nhan xet, ddnh gid nhung mat dupe va chua dupe ciia viec thyc hipn cdc ky nang giao tiep nay, eoi day Id mdt trong cdc tieu chi xem xet thi dua gdp phan nang cao chat lupng tranh tyng tai phien tda ciia KSV, ddp ling yeu cau edi each tu phdp trong viec tiep tuc duy tri md hinh td tung thdm vdn, cd tiep thu nhiing h?it nhan hpp ly cua md hinh td tyng tranh tyng.*
I Tap chi KIEM SAT
