NGHltiN CIJXJ, XAY D U N G VS A? DUHG PHAP LUAT
NHffNG VAN DE CO BAN VE TRANH TUNG TRONG TOTUNG HINH S I ;
TRAN DINH SAM*
Trong td tung hinh su nSu co bupc tpi md khong co bao chira thi hoat dpng td tung se mang tinh dp dai, mpt chieu, thieu tinh thuyet phuc, thieu tinh ddn chu. Sie ton tgi khdch quan cUa tranh tifng doi hoi diepfc thiea nhgn tren thu-c ti vd can duffc ghi nhgn trong lugt. Tranh tifng trong to tftng hinh sir la mpt hogt dpng gan lien vdi hai chuc nang: Chiec nang bupc tdi va churc nang bdo chita.
1, Khai niem tranh tung trong to tung hinh sy
Tranh tung trong td tung hinh sy khong phai la van de mdi, nhung hien nay van la van de co nhieu quan diem khac nhau trong gidi nghien ciiu luat hpc, vdi nhieu each hieu va each ly giai khac nhau. Trong do, da phan de lam sang td khai niem nay, cac nha nghien ciiu thudng de cap den cac van de md hinh td tung tranh tung, nguyen tac tranh tung, qua trinh tranh tung... tiic la giai thich tranh tung dudi cac gdc dp khac nhau.
Tuy nhien, nhin nhan mdt each khai quat cd the thay rang, cac ngi dung nay khdng the tach rdi ma dan xen, lien ket chat che vdi nhau. Vdi md hinh tranh tung, cac chiic nang bupc tdi va bao chua tham gia vao qua trinh tranh tung vdi sy tuan thii va ap dung nguyen tac tranh tung de gdp phan lam sang td sy that khach quan cua vu an.
Qua trinh tranh tung trong td tung hinh su bat dau khi xuat hien sy budc tdi ciia co quan nha nudc cd tham quyen ddi vdi mdt ca nhan cu the hoac mdt sd ngudi xac dinh (the hien bang viec ra quyet djnh khdi td bi can, quyet dinh ap dung bien phap ngan chan bit, tam
giii, tam giam). Ke tir thdi diem nay, phia ngudi bi budc tgi (bi can, ngudi bi tam giir, tam giam) xuat hien sy bao chiia de chdng lai sy buoc tpi dd, bao ve cac quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cua minh. Hay ndi mdt each khac, tranh tung chi cd the bat dau khi xuat hien hai ddi tugng la ben budc tdi va ben bao chua vdi hai chiic nang tuong iing la chiic nang buoc tdi va chiic nang bao chiia.
Qua trinh tranh tung dugc xem la ket thiic khi ban an hay quyet dinh cua Tda an ve vu an da cd hieu luc ve phap luat, khdng bi khang cao, khang nghi phiic tham, giam ddc tham hay tai tham cua cac chu the cd cac quyen dd.
Su tdn tai cua tranh tung trong td tung hinh sy la mdt thuc te khach quan. Bdi vi hoat ddng td tung hinh sy la hoat ddng g ^ ket chat che ciia ba chiic nang: Budc tgi, bao chira va xet xu. Cac chiic nang nay tdn tai, van dgng trong su tdn tai va van dpng ciia chiic nang kia. Bao chua chi xuat hien khi cd
Vien truing Vien l<iSm sat nhan dSn thj xa Ct/a Ld, tinh Ngh^ An.
Tap chi
3 8 ! KIEM SAT_ /So 20{thang 10/2014)
KGmgH ctiu, XAY DUMG VA AP DITHG PHAP LUAT
sy huge tdi va bao chira dugc thyc hien de gdp phSn cho cdng tac xet xii dua ra mdt phan quy6t khach quan, chinh xac, diing phap luat. Cd budc tdi thi cd xet xir va ngugc lai chi xet xir khi cd su cao budc.
Vi chuc ndng buoc toi: Cdn ggi la chiic nang truy ciru trach nhiem hinh sy, la mdt dang hoat ddng td tung nham phat hien ngudi pham tpi, chiing minh ldi cua ngudi dd, dam bao phan xic va hinh phat ddi voi ngucri bi bupc tdi. Trong he thdng phap luat Viet Nam, thuc hien chirc nang bupc tpi chu yeu la Vien kiem sat, day la chu the chiu trach nhiem cao nhat, cudi cung trong qua trinh thyc hien chirc nang nay. Ngoai ra, Co quan dieu tra, ngudi bi hai (trong trudng hgp vy an dugc khdi to theo yeu cau cua ngudi bi hai) va ngudi dai dien hgp phap cung nhu ngudi bao ve quyen lgi cua hg cd the thyc hien mgt sd hoat ddng nhat dinh cd ngi dung budc tpi.
Vi chiec ndng bdo chUa: La mpt dang boat dpng tranh tung dugc phap luat dam bao cho ngudi bi budc tdi kha nang bang each tu minh hoac nhd ngudi khac dua ra cac chiing Cli va lap luan nham khdng chi bac bd su budc tdi, lam giam trach nhiem cho minh ma cdn dua ra nhiing gi cd lgi cho ngudi bi budc tdi trong qua trinh td tung.
Ve vai trd, chiic nang bao chiia la mdt trong nhiing chiic nang ca ban cua td tung hinh sy, cd vai trd ddi trpng vdi chiic nang budc tgi. Chinh sy ddi trgng nay dam bao cho td tung hinh su dugc dan chii, khach quan.
Dieu nay phii hgp vdi quan diem cho rang: "Co buoc toi ma khong co bdo chita thi hogt dong to tung se mang tinh chdt mot chiiu vd kit buoc chie khong phdi la tranh tung. To tung hinh si^ khong the duoc thiea nhgn la ddn chit khi chirc ndng buoc toi khong co doi trong Id chuc ndng bdo chUa... ""I
Tren co sd phan tich nhu tren, cd thi dua ra khai niem tranh tung trong td tung hinh su nhu sau: Tranh tung trong to tung hinh su Id
hogt dong do cdc chu thi co chirc ndng doi trong nhau (buoc toi vd bdo chua) thuc Men, dua trin nguyin tdc binh dang trong viic dua ra chung cir, bdo ve chirng cu. lap ludn cua minh vd phdn bdc chirng cu, lap ludn cua doi phuang, nham ldm sdng to su that khdch quan cda vu dn; duac bdt ddu tie khi CO quyet dinh kh&i to bi can vd kit thuc khi bdn dn, quyet dinh cua Toa dn da co hiiu luc phdp ludt khong bi khdng cdo, khdng nghi.
2. Tranh tung trong phien tda hinh sy Nhu tren da phan tich, tranh tung dugc hieu la mdt qua trinh td tung giiia cac ben cd lgi ich ddi lap nhau trong viec thu thap, dua ra chiing cir trudc phien tda de bao ve quan diem va lgi ich cua minh. Nhu vay, tranh tung khdng chi dien ra trong td tung hinh su ma cdn trong td tung dan su, kinh te, lao dpng, hanh chinh...
Mat khac, tranh tung khdng chi bat dau tai phien tda ma xuat hien trudc dd rat sdm, ke tu khi khdi td bi can; trong mdt sd trudng hgp dac biet cd the xuat hien tnrdc khi khdi td bi can (ddi vdi ngudi bi bat, tam giii). Tuy nhien, trong toan bg qua trinh td tung thi tranh tung tai phien tda mang tinh tnmg tam, the hien day du nhat ban chat cua boat dgng tranh tung. Tranh tiing tai phien tda bat dau tii khi cdng bd ban cao trang va ket thiic khi cd ban an cd hieu luc phap luat, dugc coi la trgng tam va cd tinh quyet dinh. Thyc chat qua trinh tranh tung tai phien tda chinh la qua trinh chiing minh tmh cd can cii va hgp phap ciia ndi dung budc tdi ddi vdi bi cao. Mpi hoat ddng cua cac chii the tai phien tda deu xoay quanh tam diem la cao trang ciia Vien kiem sat. Phien tda cd su tham gia day du cua cac CO quan tien hanh td tung, nhiing ngudi tien hanh td tung, nhiing ngudi tham gia td tung vdi dia vi phap ly dugc xac dinh theo quy dinh ciia phap luat. Thdng qua phien tda, bang thii tuc tryc tiep, cdng khai, qua nghe y kien de xuat cua cac ben tham gia td tung,
Tap chi Sd20(thang10/2014V-KIEMSAT I 3 9
HGHIEN CUU, XAY DUHG VA AP DUHG PHAP LUAT
Tda an ddng vai trd trgng tai se can nhac tinh hgp ly ddi vdi quan diem, ly le, chiing cii ma cac ben tham gia tranh tung dua ra de cd phan quyet cudi cimg ve vu an.
Tren co sd dd, chimg ta dua ra khai niem tranh tung tai phien tda hinh sy nhu sau:
Tranh tung tgi phiin toa hinh su Id nhimg hoat dong to tung duac thuc hien giira dai dien Vien kiem sdt, nguai bdo chUa, hi cdo vd nhirng ngu&i tham gia to tung khdc tgi phien toa, dua tren nguyin tdc binh ddng trong viec dua ra chieng cie, bdo vi chirng cu, lap ludn cua minh vd phdn bdc chimg cu, lap ludn cua doi phuong, du&i su dieu khien, quyet djnh cua Hoi dong xet xu v&i vai trd trong tdi, gop phdn ldm sdng to su that khdch quan cua vg dn; duac bdt ddu ciing v&i thit tuc bdt ddu phien toa vd kit thuc khi ket thuc phdn tranh ludn.
3. Chu the, dfii tiryng cua tranh tung trong to tung hinh sy
3.1. Chu thi cita tranh tung trong to tung hinh su
Nhu da phan tich, tranh tung la qua trinh dua ra chiing cii, bao ve quan diem, lap luan ciia minh va phan bac quan diem cua doi phuong, qua trinh tranh tung dugc thyc hien bdi ben budc tdi (Vien kiem sat) va ben bao chira (ngudi bi bat, bi tam giii, bi can, bi cao, ngudi bao chira). Tai phien tda hinh su, qua trinh tranh hmg dugc thuc hien dudi sy diSu khien cua Hpi ddng xet xu.
Chiic nang budc tpi dugc thuc hien bdi nhieu chu the khac nhau: Ca quan diSu tra thuc hien khi tien hanh khdi td vu an, khdi td bi can va tien hanh cac hoat ddng diiu tra;
ngudi bi hai khi tien hanh yeu ciu khdi td theo quy dinh tai DiSu 105 Bd luat Td tung hinh su, trinh bao tin bao tgi pham, hoac khi khai bao ve tdi pham tai Co quan didu tra.
Tuy nhien, thuc hien viec bupc tgi chii yiu la Vien kiim sat, day la chii thi chiu trach nhiem cao nhat, cudi ciing trong qua trinh
thyc hien chiic nang budc tdi. Cac chii the khac thyc hien mdt sd boat dpng thudc ndi dimg bupc tdi, nhung dd khdng phai la chiic nang. Trong qua trinh thyc hien chirc nang bupc tpi, Vien kiem sat yeu cau Co quan dieu tra tien hanh dieu tra thyc hien cac hoat dgng cu the nham thu thap, kiem tra, danh gia chiing Cli de chiing minh tgi pham va cac van de lien quan den tgi pham, hinh phat. Tai phien Tda, Kiem sat vien bupc tpi thdng qua ban cao trang, ldi luan tdi, qua viec xet hdi va dua ra cac ly le, lap luan, chirng cii de tranh luan vdi ben bao chua nham bao ve quan diem ciia minh ve vu an. Nhu vay, Vien kiim sat la chii the chiu trach nhiem chinh thuc hien chiic nang budc tpi, ngoai ra, trong timg giai doan nhat dinh, cdn cd sy tham gia cua Co quan diiu tra, ngudi bi hai.
Chiic nang bao chiia ciing dugc thyc hi^n bdi nhieu chu the khac nhau. Ngudi bi bat, tam gill', bi can, bi cao cd thi true tilp bao ve quyen lgi cho minh, hg cd quyin dugc giai thich ve quyen lgi va nghia vu, yeu ciu, dugc trinh bay ldi khai, dua ra dd viit, tai lieu d l bao ve quan diem cua minh...
Ngudi bi bat, tam giii, bi can, bi cao ciing cd the bao ve quyin lgi ciia minh, thuc hien hoat dpng tranh tung thdng qua ngudi bao chiia. Ngudi bao chiia cd thi la Luat su;
ngudi dai dien hgp phap cua ngudi bi tam giii, bi can, bi cao, bao chiia vien nhan dan. Ngudi bao chua co quyen dugc trinh bay ldi khai, dua ra dd vat, tai lieu, tham gia hdi, tranh luan tai phien tda... nham dua ra ly le, chiing cii, lap luan de bao ve quan diem ciia minh, phan bac lap luan ciia ben budc tgi, bao ve than chu. Chinh sy ddi trgng nay dam bao cho td tung hmh sy dugc dan chu, khach quan.
Trong giai doan xet xu, boat dgng tranh tyng dugc thyc hien dudi su dieu khiln cua Hdi ddng xet xu. Hdi ddng xet xir giii vai trd trgng tai se xem xet, danh gia cac tai lieu, chiing Cli cua vu an va ket qua tranh lu^n
T a p c h i
K I E M S A T /So20(thang 10/2014)
HGHIEH CUU, }EAY DUHG VA AP DUHG P H A P L U A T
cdng khai tai phien tda cua hai ben budc tdi va bao chiia d l dua ra nhiing nhan dinh dung dan ve ngi dung vu an, tim ra su that khach quan ciia vu an. Tir do, dua ra phan quyet cudi Cling ve tdi danh va hinh phat ddi vdi ngudi pham tpi ciing nhu giai quyet nhung van de cd lien quan khac.
3.2. Boi tuang cua tranh tung trong to tiing hinh s^f
Theo tir dien tieng Viet, "ddi tugng" la ngudi, vat, hien tugng ma con ngudi nham vao trong suy nghT va hanh dgng'-l
Mdi hoat dgng td tung deu cd ddi tugng nhat dinh, do la cai ma chu the thyc hien hudng vao va mong mudn dat dugc. Tranh tung ndi chung, tranh tung trong td tung hmh su ndi rieng do hai nhdm chii the cd chiic nang ddi trpng nhau thyc hien, do la ben budc tdi (Vien kiem sat) va ben bao chiia (ngudi bj bat, tam giii, bi can, bi cao, ngudi bao chiia). Trong qua trinh tranh tung, cac ben sir dung phuong phap, each thiic khac nhau, tac dgng vao nhiing ddi tugng cy the, phii hgp vdi muc dich rieng cua mmh.
Phuong phap cac ben su dung trong tranh tung cd the la phan tich, danh gia chiing cir, cac nguyen ly khach quan, dimg lap luan logic de bac bd quan diem cua ben ddi tung.
Muc dich cu the cua cac ben tham gia tranh tung trong td tung hinh su ciing khac nhau.
Muc dich ciia ben bupc tdi la bao ve cao trang da truy td, chiing minh hanh vi pham tdi va miic dp nguy hiem do tdi pham gay ra.
Muc dich ciia ben bao chiia la bao ve than chu, sir dung chiing cii ciing nhu phan tich cac quy pham phap luat lien quan de tim cac tinh tilt go tdi, cac tinh tilt giam nhe fi-ach nhiem hinh sy cho bj can, bi cao.
Tuy cd muc dich cu the khac nhau nhung cac ben tham gia d-anh hing deu hudng tdi muc tieu chung, dac biet dugc thi hien rd net trong he thdng phap luat xa hdi chii nghia.
Ben budc tdi (Vien kiem sat) ngoai chiic
nang budc tdi cdn phai quan tam den cac tinh tiet go tpi, cac tinh tiet giam nhe trach nhiem hinh sy, phai xem xet toan dien vu an de dam bao qua trinh xir ly vu an dugc khach quan, chinh xac, diing quy dinh phap luat.
Ben bao chiia ngoai viec bao ve quyen Igi cho bl can, bi cao cdn phai "tuan thii hien phap va phap luat", "tdn trpng su that khach quan" (Dieu 5 Luat Luat su); muc dich cudi cimg ciia ngudi bao chiia la bao ve quyen lgi cho than chii (ngudi bi bat, tam giir, bi can, bi cao) nhung cflng cd trach nhiem bao ve phap che, tiic la bao ve sy dimg dan, nghiem minh ciia phap luat; nghiem cam viec "Cd y cung cap tai lieu, vat chiing gia, sai sy that;
xiii giuc ngudi bi tam giu, bi can, bi cao, duang sy khai sai sy that" (khoan 1 Dieu 91 Luat Luat su).
Nhu vay, cac ben tham gia tranh tung cd the tac dgng vao he thdng chimg cii, ly le ma chu the dua ra. Dd cung cd the la he thdng chiing Cli, ly le cua phia ddi lap ma ben tranh tung phan bac. Tuy nhien, cac chii the deu hudng tdi diem chung nhat dinh, muc dich cudi cung la nham lam sang td "Su that khdch quan cua vu an ", giai quyet diing dan vu an, dd chinh la ddi tugng cua tranh tung trong td tung hinh sy. Ndi each kliac, ddi tugng cua tranh tung la "Chan ly" ma cac ben tham gia tranh tung phai hudng tdi, du chan ly do, sy that khach quan dd cd the khdng nhu mong mudn chu quan ciia mdi ben. Nhu vay, ddi tugng cua tranh tung la bao ve quan diem cua minh, phan bac quan diem cua ben ddi lap, dam bao cac quyen ca ban cua con ngudi va lam rd sy that khach quan ciia vu an.
4. Phirong phap tranh tung trong td tung hinh sy
Phuong phap ndi chung la each thiic, bien phap dugc su dung de tien hanh mpt boat dpng nao dd. Hoat ddng tranh Uing trong td tung hinh sy dugc thuc hien bdi cac phuang phap sau:
^ Tap chi I So20(thang10/2014)\^KIEM SAT
HGHI&H Cim. XAY DUHG vA AP DUHG P H A P LUAT
4.1. Phucmg phdp doi lap, tranh ludn Phuang phap nay la qua trinh cac ben tham gia tranh tung tryc tiep dirng ldi le de cung cd, bao ve quan diem cita minh, phan bac quan diem cua ben ddi lap.
Cac ben tham gia tranh tung cd the sir dung nhieu each doi dap, tranh luan khac nhau nhu: Ddi dap, tranh luan ddi vdi timg y kien mdt; sii dung vat chiing, ldi khai hoac sii dung chinh y kien, lap luan ciia ben ddi lap trong qua trinh ddi dap, tranh luan nham cung cd cho lap luan ciia minh.
Viec ddi dap, tranh luan ddi vdi tiing y kien mgt dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 218 Bd luat To tung hinh su: Bi cao, ngudi bao chua va nhiing ngudi tham gia td tung khac cd quyen trinh bay y kien ve luan tgi cua Kiem sat vien va dua ra d6 nghi ciia minh; Kiem sat vien phai dua ra nhiing lap luan cua minh ddi vdi tirng y kien... Chu tga phien tda cd quyen d l nghi Kiem sat vien phai dap lai nhiing y kiln cd lien quan den vu an cua ngudi bao chiia va nhung ngudi tham gia td tung khac ma nhung y kien dd chua dugc Kiem sat vien tranh luan.
Can hieu ring "y kiln" d day chinh la quan diem ciia mgt va ciing la quan diem gidng nhau cua nhieu ngudi bao chiia hoac cua ngudi bao chiia va bi cao, cua ngudi bao chiia va bi hai, ngudi cd quyin lgi, nghia vu lien quan ve cimg mdt van de, cd th6 la y kien ve tgi danh, y kien ve chiing cii bupc tdi... Nhu vay doi dap, tranh luan ddi vdi tung y kien mpt khdng hoan toan ddng nghTa ddi dap, tranh luan vdi timg ngudi mpt.
Viec su dung chung cii trong qua trinh ddi dap, tranh luan ciing rat da dang. Cac ben tham gia tranh tung cd the su' dung vat chiing thu thap trong qua trinh diiu tra, ciing cd thi sir dung chiing cir la ldi khai cua bi cao, nhan chiing va nhiing ngudi lien quan nhSm tim ra mdi lien he logic cimg co chiing cii cua minh, lam rd diem yeu trong lap luan ciia ben ddi lap. Cac ben tham gia tranh tung cung cd thi
sii dung chinh y kiln, nhan dinh cua ben tranh tung ddi lap nhSm ciing cd cho lap luan cua minh trong qua trinh ddi dap.
Trong qua trinh tham gia tranh tung, cac ben phai van dung phuang phap ddi dap linh hoat, logic, mdi lap luan, y kiln dua ra phai dugc dat trong mdi quan he bien chimg vdi cac chiing cir khac, phai tap trung vao viec ddi dap, tranh luan nhiing ngi dung trgng tam ciia vu an nhu: Bi cao cd tpi hay khdng cd tdi, neu cd tdi thi pham tdi gi, hanh vi pham tdi cd dung vdi tdi danh ma Vien kiem sat truy td hay khdng, nhung tinh tiet tang nang ma hi cao phai chiu, nhung tinh tilt giam nhe ma bi cao dugc hudng la gi... khdng nen sa da vao viec ddi dap, tranh luan nhung tinh tiet nhd nhat, khdng cd gia tn chimg minh, khdng cd y nghia trong qua trinh giai quylt vu an.
4.2. Phuang phdp chung minh Chiing minh la qua trinh dimg suy luan logic vach ro mgt diiu gi dd la diing'^'. Trong qua trinh tranh tung tai phien tda, cac ben tham gia tranh tyng dua ra vat chiing, cdng bd tai lieu lien quan den vu an de chiing minh, lam ro sy that khach quan cua vu an hinh sy. De ciing cd lap luan hoac dua ra mot nhan dinh, ket luan nao dd, cac ben tham gia tranh tung sir dung cac vat chiing, tai lieu cu thi, theo quy dinh phap luSt va bang lap luan, phan tich khoa hgc d l chimg minh, lam ro su that khach quan bang he thdng chiing cii, lam rd hanh vi pham tdi va cac tinh tilt lien quan, cdn phuang phap ddi dap, tranh luan chu yiu la dung ly luan va he thdng chiing cii d l phan bac, loai tni quan diem cua ben ddi lap.
4.3. Phuong phdp phdn tich. ddnh gid chieng cu
Phan tich la qua trinh phan chia mdt ddi tugng nhan thiic ra thanh nhilu y i u td, lam rd dac trung va mdi lien quan giflra chiing, tir do tim ra ban chat, su v&t, hien tugng'"'.
(Xem tiep trang 46)
Tap chi
4 2 I KIEM SAT_ /So20(thang10/2014]
H G B I £ H c i i u , XAY DUHG VA AP DUHG PHAP LUAT
cdng tac thi hanh an hinh su, chi cd mdt Thu ky Tda an kiem nhiem giiip Chanh an ra cac quyet dinh thi hanh an va theo doi viec thi hanh an hinh sy, hoan chap hanh an, cap giay chiing nhan xda an tich, giiip hdi ddng xet giam thdi ban cai tao khdng giam giu va nit ngan thdi gian thii thach ciia an treo. Ddi vdi Tda an cap tinh, phai td chiic viec thi hanh an tir hinh, ra quyet dinh thi hanh an hinh sy, hoan, tam dinh chi chap hanh an phat tu, xet giam an phat til cho hang ngan ngudi chap hanh an mdi nam, kiem tra cdng tac thi hanh an hinh su ciia Tda an cap huyen... nhung chi cd mpt den hai bien che thugc phdng giam ddc kiem tra. Vi vay, chiing toi de xuat can nghien ciru thanh lap Phdng thi hanh an hinh sy d Tda an cap tinh va bd tri mdt bien che can bd chuyen trach lam cdng tac
thi hanh an hinh sy d Tda an cap huyen de nang cao chat luong cdng tac thi hanh an hinh sy cua Tda an.
Nhu vay, Tda an cd vi tri va vai trd quan trgng trong ca qua trinh thi hanh an hinh sy, CO quan nhan danh Nha nudc quyet dinh viec thi hanh an tii hinh, cir thanh vien lam Chu tjch Hgi ddng thi hanh an tir hinh, miin, giam, hoan, tam dinh chi chap hanh an phat til... Bh nang cao chat lugng, hieu qua cdng tac thi hanh an hinh sy ndi chung va cua Tda an ndi rieng, can tien hanh ddng bp nhieu giai phap, dac biet can tiep tuc hoan thien he thdng phap luat ve thi hanh an hinh su de Tda an thyc sy la co quan thyc hien quyen tu phap, bao ve cdng ly, bao ve quyen con ngudi, quyin cdng dan, ngay ca khi hg dang chap hanh an phat tii. •
NHUTNG VANDE...
(Tiep theo trang 42) Trong qua trmh h^nh tung tai phien tda hinh su, tren ca sd kit qua hoat dpng ddi dap, tranh luan ciing nhu sir dung cac chiing cic, tai lieu dugc thu thap theo dimg trinh tu, thii tuc phap luat quy dinh, cac ben tham gia tranh tung se tien hanh lam ro dac hamg, ban chit, sy that khach quan cua tung van de, tu dd danh gia tdng hgp, toan dien ve he thdng chiing cii cua vu an, qua dd de nghi bao ve, giii nguyen hoac thay ddi mgt phan quan diem ciia minh.
Tom lgi, tranh tung trong td tung hinh sy, cu the la tranh tung tai phien tda hinh sy la boat ddng td hing dugc thyc hien giiia ben budc tgi va ben bao chua tai phien tda; dya fren nguyen tic bmh dang trong viec dua ra chiing Cli, bao ve quan diem cua minh va phan bac chiing cii, lap luan ciia ddi phuong, dudi sy diiu khien, quyet dinh cua Hdi dong xet xii vdi vai trd hpng tai. Tranh tung tai phien tda
dugc thuc hien bdi nhilu chu thi khac nhau, nhung chu yiu la dai dien ViSn kiim sdt va ngudi bao chiia, bi cao. Cac ben tham gia tranh tung cd the su dung cac phuong phap khac nhau, nhung phai trong pham vi lu3t dinh va muc dich cudi cung la gdp phin lam sang td su that khach quan ciia vu an. Thyc hien tdt boat dgng hanh tung tai phien tda hinh su chinh la cy thi hda chu truang cai each tu phap cua Dang, Nha nudc ta, gdp phan giam thieu oan sai, nang cao chit lugng, hieu qua ciia phien tda hinh su ndi rieng, ciia hoat ddng td tung hinh sy ndi chung.*
(1) PGS.TS. Nguyen Thai Phuc, Mgt sd vdn de vi quyen cong to cua Vien kiem sdt. Ky yeu Bk tai khoa hoc cap B9 ciia Vien khoa hpc ki^m sat - VKSND t6i cao, Ha Npi, 1999.
(2) Tir dien tieng Viet, Vien ngon ngii hpc, Nxb. Da Ning, 2000, trang 338.
(3) Tii difin li6ng Viet, Vien ngfln ngu hpc, Nxb. Da Ning, 2000, trang 192.
(4) Tit dien tieng Vi|t, Vi^n ngon ngu' hpc, Nxb. Da Ning, 2000, trang 772.
Tap chi
4 6 I KIEMSAT^ /So 20(thang 10/2014)
