TAP CHi CtNC THIfdNC
MOT SO VAN DE VE TH^C TifeN
QUYET DINH HINH PHAT TRONG XET XLf CAC VU AN HINH S\J 6 VIET NAM
CAO THI OANH
TOM TAT:
Qua nghien ciJu thiTc tiSn quyet dinh hinh phat trong 100 ban an hinh su" dufdc thu thap nglu nhien trong nhi?ng nam gan day d cac tinh, thanh pho khac nhau trong ca nufdc, chiing toi nhan tha'y viec ap dung phap luat ve quye't dinh hinh phat du'dc ap dung mot each day du va dung trong hau bet cac ban an nay. Tuy nhien, chiing toi cho rang van c6 vai ban an can xem xet lai can ciJ ap dung hinh phat hoac hinh phat dtfdc tuyen doi vdi hi cao. Nhi^ng hien tUcfng nay can difdc trao doi nham hxidng tdi muc tieu ap dung dung quy dinh ve quyet dinh hinh phat va tang ctfdng hieu qua cua boat dong quyet dinh hinh phat trong thvfc tien.
Tii khoa: Thi/c tien quye't dinh hinh phat, cac vu an hinh su", xet xu*.
1. Dat va'n di
Quyet dinh hinh phat (QDHP) la boat dpng ap dung phap luat hinh su" cua hoi dong xet xuf de xac dinh loai va miJc hinh phat du'dc ap dung do'i ngifdi pham toi (bi cao) trong tiirng vu an cu the.
Nghien ciJu thifc tiln QDHP trong 100 ban an du'dc thu thap nglu nhien, chiing toi nhan thay viec QDHP du'dc thiTc hien tuan thu day du quy dinh ve can cu" quyet dinh hinh phat du'dc Bo luat hinh sir (BLHS) nam 1999 va BLHS nam 2015 quy dinh gom: 1/ Quy dinh cua BLHS; 2/ Tinh chat va miJc do nguy hiem cho xa hoi cua hanh vi pham toi; 3/ Nhan than ngudi pham toi; 4/ Cac tinh tiet giam nhe va tang nang trach nhiem hinh sir.
Nhin chung, chiing toi dong tinh vdi quan diem
14 So 13-Tliang 10/2018
cua hoi dong xet xiir ve QDHP trong hau he't cac ban an ma chiing toi nghien ciJu. Tuy nhien, d mot vai ban an chiing toi c6 quan diem khac nhat dinh vdi hoi dong xet xu" trong viec QDHP. Trong pham vi bai viet nay, chiing toi chi de cap den nhCfng van de ma chiing toi cd quan diem khac vdi quan diem cua hoi dong xet xu" trong viec ap dung cac quy dinh ve QDHP.
2. Ve can cit quye't dinh hinh phat
Trong so" 100 ban an du'dc nghien ciJu, chung toi khong dong tinh vdi hoi dong xet xuT trong viec xac dinh dieu luat lam can cH QDHP trong ban an so 119/2018 ngay 17/4/2018 cua TAND cap cao tai Da Nang.
Noi dung vu an nhu' sau: Trong thdi gian txi thang 1/2007 den ngay 11/12/2016, Nguyin
LUAT
Thanh Trung (la tru'dng nhdm kinh doanh Cong ty TNHH Bao hiem Prudential Viet Nam) da siJ dung phieu thu do Cong ty Prudential phat hanh con ban suT dung, khong su'a chiJa, tay xda de thu tien phi bao hiem dinh ky cua khach hang roi chiem doat vdi tdng sd tien 520.091.000 dong.
Ngoai ra, Trung con s\( dung phieu thu khong hdp le, phieu thu bi tay xda de thu tien phi dinh ky ddi vdi 35 hdp dong bao hiem khac. Hanh vi ciia Trung bi toa an cap sd tham ket an 5 nam tii ve toi Wa dao chiem doat tai san theo quy dinh tai khoan 3 Dieu 139 BLHS nam 1999 va 8 nam tu ve toi lam dung tin nhiem chie'm doat tai san theo quy dinh tai khoan 4 Dieu 140 BLHS nam 1999. Hoi dong xet xii ca'p phuc tham nhan dinh: tai thdi diem xet xu* phiic tham, BLHS nam 2015 da cd hieu life thi hanh. MiJc cao nhat cua khung hinh phat ap dung dol vdi tru'dng hdp pham toi lam dung tin nhiem chiem doat tai san cua Trung trong BLHS nam 2015 la thap hdn so vdi BLHS nam 1999 (khoan 4 Dieu 139 BLHS nam 1999 la tii chung than, con khoan 4 Dieu 175 BLHS nam 2015 la 20 nam tu). Can ciJ diem b khoan 1 Dieu 2 Nghi quyet sd 41/2017/QH14 ngay 20/6/2017 cua Quoc hoi hifdng dan thi hanh BLHS nam 2015 ve thifc hien nguyen tac cd Idi cho ngu'di pham toi. Hoi dong xet xu" phiic tham ap dung dieu luat cua BLHS nam 2015 de QDHP ddi vdi Nguyin Thanh Trung ve ca hai toi.
Nghien ciJu ban an nay, chiing toi dong tinh vdi ban an hinh sif phiic tham khi su'a ban an sd tham ve quy dinh cua BLHS dufdc ap dung. Tuy nhien, chiing toi nhan thay cd noi dung can du'dc trao ddi them lien quan den hai dieu luat ma ban an phiic tham siJ dung de QDHP do'i vdi bi cao. Cu the, trong vu an neu tren, cac quy dinh ve toi lifa dao chiem doat tai san va toi lam dung tin nhiem chiem doat tai san du'dc si( dung de QDHP ddi vdi ngu'di pham toi. Tuy nhien, chi cd dieu luat quy dinh ve toi lam dung tin nhiem chiem doat tai san trong BLHS nam 2015 giam hinh phat so vdi quy dinh cua BLHS nam 1999 con quy dinh ve toi Itta dao chiem doat tai san van gii? nguyen hinh phat trong BLHS nam 2015. Vi vay, dieu luat difdc ap dung de QDHP trong trifdng hdp nay la Dieu 139 (khoan 3) BLHS nam 1999 va Dieu 175 (khoan 4) BLHS nam 2015 chif khong phai Dieu 174 (khoan 3) va Dieu 175 (khoan 4) BLHS nam 2015.
3. Ve hinh phat drfrfc ap dung do'i vdfi bi cao Trong so' 100 ban an difdc nghien ciJu, chiing toi nhan thay cd tru'dng hdp hinh phat difdc ap dung qua nang do'i vdi bi cao, cQng cd trifdng hdp each hieu ve quy dinh ciia BLHS du'dc ap dung chifa thong nhat. Chiing toi mudn neu 02 ban an sau de so sanh ve cac tinh tiet ciia vu an va hinh phat du'dc ap dung:
Mot la, ban an sd 498/2012/HSST ngay 20/11/2012 ciia TAND thanh phd Ha Noi: Do nghi ngd vd minh cd quan he ngoai tinh vdi anh Nguyen Van Sdn d cung thon, ngay 2/3/2012, thay anh Sdn dang di bo d ngo, Nguyen Van Tran chay vao be'p lay hai con dao dam chem khoang 8 den 10 nhat vao dau, mat, lifng va tay anh Sdn. Anh Sdn chay den ddng gach cam gach cho'ng tra va nem lai Tran nhifng khong triing. Tran cam dao xong vao chem tiep mot nhat vao gay lam anh Sdn guc xuo'ng dat. Tran de doa ai vao se chem chet. Anh Sdn difdc difa di cap ciJu nhifng da ti^
vong. Hoi ddng xet xiJ nhan dinh: hanh vi dam chem anh Nguyen Van Sdn ciia bi cao rat quyet liet, bi cao cdn de doa neu ai vao can ngan se chem chet, the hien sif con do, hung ban cao do.
Khi bi bat giif, bi cao thanh khan khai bao, gia dinh bi cao da bdi thufdng 5 trieu ddng. Mac du bi cao chu'a vi pham phap luat Ian nao, khong cd tinh tie^t tang nang trach nhiem hinh su" nhtfug xet tinh chat nguy hiem ciia hanh vi, hau qua ciia vu an, hoi ddng xet xvC thay khong con cd kha nang giao due va cai tao thanh ngu'di lu'dng thien nen can ap dung miJc cao nhat ciia khung hinh phat mdi cd tac dung trii'ng tri bi cao ndi rieng va dau tranh phong ngifa toi pham nay ndi chung. Do dd, hoi ddng xet xii' quye't dinh ap dung diem n khoan 1 Dieu 93, diem b, p khoan 1 Dieu 46 BLHS nam
1999x13" phat bi cao tur hinh.
Hai la, ban an sd 411/2012/HSST ngay 21/12/2012 ciia TAND thanh phd Ho Chi Minh:
Kim Van Binh va NguySn Thi Ha chung so'ng vdi nhau nhu" vd chdng. Binh va Ha thtfdng hay cu" cai nhau. Ngay 09/11/2011, Binh va chi Ha ctf cai nhau ve viec chi Ha bi say thai. Binh cam ca nhtfa (loai ca gii? nhiet) danh manh 01 cai vao dau chi Ha, rdi tiep tuc diing can chdi danh manh tuf tren xudng 03- 04 cai vao dau chi Ha. Chi Ha 6m dau keu dau, doi ve que va lay dien thoai goi cho chi gai thi bi Binh giat lay dap xudng dat lam vd dien
So 13 Tl-iang 10/2018 15
TAP CHi CONG THITKNG
thoai. Binh lay quan ao cua chi Ha cham lii'a ddt rdi di vao giu'dng nam ngii. De'n sang horn sau, khi den ndi chi Ha nam thay tay chan chi Ha lanh, hdi thd yeu nen Binh diu chi Ha vao giu'dng nam.
Do con say nfdu nen Binh khong di niJCa ma tiep tuc nam ben chi Ha ngu. Khi tinh day phat bien chi Ha da chet nen Binh bo trdn, den 23 gid ngay 13/11/2011 Binh ra dau thu. TAND thanh phdHd Chi Minh tuyen bdbi cao Kim Van Binh pham toi giet ngu'di. Ap dung khoan 2 Dieu 93; diem p khoan 1, khoan 2 Dieu 46 BLHS 1999 xuf phat bi cao Kim Van Binh 14 nam tu.
Ngay 03/01/2013, Vien trifdng VKSND thanh phd Ho Chi Minh cd khang nghi ve phan ap dung khung hinh phat va hinh phat ciia ban an sd tham, yeu cau xet xii" lai theo hu'dng ap dung diem n khoan 1 Dieu 93 BLHS va tang hinh phat ddi vdi bi cao Kim Van Binh.
Ban an sd 495/2013/HSPT ngay 03/5/2013 ciia Toa phiic tham TAND tdi cao tai thanh phd Ho Chi Minh danh gia: Xet dong cd pham toi ciia bi cao thi thay chi xuat phat tijf viec bi cao cif cai vdi nan nhan vi nan nhan ndi bi say thai khong phai la Idi ciia bi hai, nhu'ng vi bi cao sau khi da uo'ng rifdu nen gay sif danh bi hai mot each v6 cd, nen hanh vi pham toi ciia bi cao mang tinh chat con do. Toa an cap sd tham xii" bi cao Binh theo khoan 2 Dieu 93 BLHS va phat bi cao 14 nam tii la chifa dung vdi tinh chat va miJc do hanh vi pham toi ciia bi cao nen chap nhan khang nghi ciia Vien tnfdng VKSND thanh phd Ho Chi Minh. Hanh vi pham toi ciia bi cao la dac biet nghiem trong, khong chi tifdc doat tinh mang ciia nan nhan ma con gay anh hifdng xau den trat ttf an toan xa hoi d dia phu'dng nen can xii phat nghiem. Tuy nhien khi lu'dng hinh can xem xet cac tinh tiet giam nhe cho bi cao nhuf bi cao chifa cd tien an, tien su", sau khi pham toi da ra dau thu va khai bao thanh khan de quyet dinh hinh phat do'i vdi bi cao. Ap dung diem n khoan 1 Dieu 93; diem p khoan 1, khoan 2 Dieu 46 BLHS xii phat bi cao Kim Van Binh 17 (mu'di bay) nam tii ve toi giet ngu'di.
O ca hai vu an neu tren, cac bi cao deu bi xet
xii" ve toi giet ngu'di da hoan thanh thuoc triTdng hdp du'dc quy dinh tai diem n khoan 1 Dieu 93 BLHS nam 1999. Chiing toi cho rang diem khac biet Idn nhat gitta hai vu an nay la: d vu an thiJ nhat, bi cao giet ngu'di bang nhieu nhat dao trong khi d vu an thiJ hai, bi cao diing ca giO' nhiet va can chdi danh nhieu cai vao dau ngifdi bi hai.
Danh gia tinh chat, miic do nguy hiem ciia hanh vi pham toi, chiing toi cho rang hinh phat 14 nam tii ma toa sd tham tuyen trong vu an thiJ hai la qua nhe so vdi an tii' hinh ma toa sd tham tuyen trong vu an thiJ nhat.
d vu an thit nhat, bi cao pham toi cd tinh chat con do, hung ban nhu'ng nguyen nhan dSn den biJc xiic ciia bi cao va t\X dd dSn den bi cao thiic hien hanh vi pham toi la do bi cao nghi ngd vd minh c6 quan he ngoai tinh vdi nan nhan. Can xem xet ly do dan den sif nghi ngd ciia bi cao vi neu cd nhu'ng bang chiJug cho thay sif nghi ngd ciia bi cao la c6 can Cli thi tham chi hanh vi nay chi la giet ngu'di trong tnfdng hdp thong thifdng. Ngay ca khi nhffng nghi ngd cua bi cao khong cd can ciJ thi dong ccf giet ngu'di trong trifdng hdp nay chi la dong cd binh thu'dng, bi cao cd 2 tinh tiet giam nhe trach nhiem hinh sif du'dc quy dinh tai khoan 1 Dieu 46 BLHS nam 1999. Theo danh gia ciia chiing toi, viec ngifdi pham toi vi ghen tuong ma giet ngifdi nhu" tren khong ban la trifdng hdp da mat kha nang cai tao, giao due de phai loai bo hoan toan khdi ddi song xa hoi.
Nhu vay, tren cd sd nghien ciJu 100 ban an hinh sii sd tham va phiic tham, chiing toi nhan thay viec QDHP ciia cac toa an difdc thiic hien dung tren cd sd quy dinh chung ciia BLHS ve QDHP. Tuy nhien, chung toi van nhan thay cd tru'dng hdp hinh phat du'dc ap dung qua nang ddi vdi bi cao, ciing cd tru'dng hdp each hieu ve quy dinh ciia BLHS du'dc ap dung chifa thong nhaft. Hien tufdng nay can difdc khac phuc bang each tang cifdng tdng ket thifc tien xet xii' nham trao ddi kinh nghiem de bao dam ap dung diing cac can ciJ QDHP, lifa chon difdc loai va miJc hinh phat phii hdp nhat de ap dung ddi vdi ngifdi pham toi •
Bai viet nay duac thuc hien trong khuon kho De tai nghien cvCu khoa hoc cap trudng
"Thuc tiin quyet dinh hinh phat trong xet xvc cac vu an hinh sU d Viet Nam ", Trudng Bai hoc Luat Ha Noi, 2018.
16 So 13 Thang 10/2018
LUAT
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. Bo luat Hinh sundm 1999.
2. Bo luat Hinh sU nam 2015.
3. Nghi quyet sd41/2017/QH14 ngdy 20/06/2017 cua Qudc hoi vi viec thi hanh Bo luat Hinh sUsd 100/2015/QH13 da duac s^a doi, bd sung mot sd diiu theo Luat sd 12/2017/QH14 vd ve hieu lUc thi hanh cua Bo luat Td tung hinh sUsd 101/2015/QHl3, Luat To chiic ca quan diiu tra hinh sU sd 99/2015/QH13,
Luat Thi hanh tqm giU, tam giam sd 94/2015/QHl3.
4. 100 bdn an hinh sU sa tham, phuc tham duac thu thap ngdu nhien.
5. Cao Thi Oanh (chu nhiem di tdi), Ap dung phdp luat hinh sU trong xet xik mot sd toi xdm pham tinh mang, sUc khde, nhan pham, danh du cua con ngUdi, De tdi cap trudng, Trudng Dai hpc Luat Hd Noi, ndm 2017.
Ngay nhan bai: 7/9/2018
Ngay phan bien danh gia va sufa chiJa: 17/9/2018 Ngay chap nhan dang bai: 27/9/2018
Thong tin tac gid:
PGS.TS. CAO THI OANH Trtfflfng Dai hoc Luait Ha Noi
SOME ISSUES RELATED TO PENALTIES OF CRIMINAL CASES IN VIETNAM
• Assoc.ProfPh.D. CAO THI OANH Hanoi Law University
ABSTRACT:
Studying penalties based on facts of 100 recent criminal cases that were collected randomly in different cities and provinces across Vietnam shows that almost these penalties were imposed correctly and fully. However, there are still some criminal cases that should be re-considered to modify the penalties. It is important to discuss this issue to improve the effectiveness of introducing and imposing penalties in practice.
Keywords: Penalties based on facts, criminal cases, judgement.
So 13 Tl-iang 10/2018 17
