BAN VEDITANLUAT
QUY DINH VE THCHI DIEM CO HIEU LUC CUA VAN BAN QUY PHAM PHAP U I A T
Vo Nguyin Nam Tmng*
*Th5. GV. Khoa Luat -Trudng Pai hoc Can Thd Thong tin bai viet:
Tirkhoa: van ban quy pham phap lu^t, hieu lire, thoi diem co hieu lire Lich str bdi viet- Nhanbai : 10/10/2018 Bientap : 03/12/2018 Duyetbai : 06/12/2018 Article Infomation:
Keywords - Documents;
effectiveness
Legal Normative effectiveness, time Article History:
Received Edited Approved
: 10 Oct.
: 03 Dec : 06 Dec
2018 2018 2018
of
Tom tat:
Luat Ban hanh vSn ban quy pham phap luat nam 2015 quy dinh vh thoi digm co hieu luc ciia van ban quy pham phap luat ro rang va chat che hon cac Luat ve van ban quy pham phap luat truoc day.
Tuy nhien, van con mpt so noi dung nhu ve thoi di^m co hieu lire CO phai ghi r5 ngay, thang, nam; co dugc ghi hieu lire cu the den gio, phiit, giay; co dugc thay doi ngay co hieu lire da dugc quy djnh trong van ban .. la nhiing noi dung cin dugc tigp tuc lam ro.
Abstract
The Law on Promulgation of Legal Normative Documents of 2015 provides stipulation of the effectiveness date of legal mormative documents in a clearer and stricter manner than those in the previous versions of Law on Legal Normative Documents However, there are still some contents such as the time of effectiveness must specify the date, month and year; is it possible to specify the time of effectiveness as detailed as minutes, seconds and is it possible to change the effective date that has been specified in the normative documents... are the enquiries that need to be flirther reviewed and addressed.
1. THM diem co hieu Ivc cua van ban quy pham phap luat theo quy dinh hien hanh Khoan 1 Dieu 156 Luat Ban hanh van ban quy pham phap luat (VBQPPL) nam 2015 quy djnh, VBQPPL duoc ap dung ddi vai hanh vi xay ra tai thdi diem ma van ban do dang cd hieu luc. Day chi'nh la nguyen tie chil dao trong viec ap dung phap luat d- nuac ta. Vide xac djnh dugc thdi didm co hieu lire ddng vai trd quan trpng trong danh
gia thudc tinh ciia mdt VBQPPL. Tir do nguai thuc hien phap luat mdi cd can cu lira chgn van ban de giai quyet cho tinh huong phap ly ciia minh.
Thdi diem cd hieu lire ciia toan bo hoac mgt phan VBQPPL dugc quy djnh tai van ban do nhung khdng sdm hofn 45 ngay kd tir ngay thdng qua hoac ky ban hanh ddi voi VBQPPL cua ca quan nha nudc trung uong; khdng sam han 10 ngay ke ttr ngay , NGHIEN CUU I i|4 So 12(388)76/2019 V _ L A P P H A P l ^ '
ky ban hanh ddi vai VBQPPL cua Hdi ddng nhan dan (HDND); Uy ban nhan dan (UBND) cap tinh; khong sdm han 07 ngay ke tir ngay ky ban hanh ddi voi VBQPPL ciia HDIMD, UBND c4p huyen va cip xa.
Tuy nhien VBQPPL dugc ban hanh theo trinh tu, thu tuc rut ggn thi eo the cd hidu luc ke tir ngay thdng qua hoac ky ban hanh.
Trong truang hgp nay, VBQPPL ddng thcri phai dugc dang ngay tren Cdng Thdng tin dien tir cua ca quan ban hanh va phai dugc dua tin tren phuang tien thdng tin dai chung;
dang Cdng bao nudc Cdng hda XHCN Viet Nam hoac Cong bao tinh, thanh phd true thugc trung uang cham nhit la sau 03 ngay ke tir ngay cdng bd hoac ky ban hanh'. Tir quy djnh tren, ed 3 van de dat ra sau day:
Thir nhdt, ve thdi diem cd hieu luc cua toan bd hoac mdt phan VBQPPL duge quy dinh tai van ban dd.
VBQPPL cd the cd hidu luc toan bg vao cung mgt thdi diem hoac cd hieu lire timg phan vao cac thdi diem Idiac nhau. Ddi vdi cac VBQPPL cd pham vi didu chinh rdng thi viec cho phep cd hieu lire vao nhieu thdi diem la can thidt. Cac quy djnh can cd thcri gian dd tuyen truyen, pho bien hoae can cd thdi gian cho viec td chuc thuc hien thi cd the cd hieu luc mudn hem so vdi cac quy dinh da day du ca sd trien khai. Luat Xu ly vi pham hanh chinh (VPHC) nam 2012= eo hieu luc thi hanh tir ngay 01/7/2013 nhung doi vdi quy dinh lien quan den vide ap dung cac bien phap xir ly hanh chinh do Tda an nhan dan (TAND) xem xet, quyet djnh thi cd hieu lire kd tir ngay 01/01/2014^ Trudc dd, cac bidn phap xu ly hanh chinh dugc Phap
lenh Xu ly VPHC nam 2002 sira ddi, bd sung nam 2007, 2008 quy dinh giao cho Chii tich UBND cd tham quydn ap dung tiiy theo bien phap. Nay cac bien phap xu ly hanh chinh cd tude di quyen ty do cua ca nhan bao gom dua vao trudng giao duong, dua vao co sd giao due bat budc, dua vao ca sd eai nghien bit budc do TAND cdp huydn cd thim quyen ap dung. De bao ve duge lgi ich cua Nha nuoc, quyen va lgi ich hgp phap cua ca nhan, bao ve quydn con ngudi, Tda an cin nhieu thdi gian chuan bj nham giup cho viec td chiic thuc hien dugc tdt hem. Cung la bien phap xu ly hanh chinh nhung quy djnh vh bien phap giao due tai xa, phuang, thj tran cd hieu lire trudc dd vao ngay 01/7/2013 do tham quyen van giu: nguyen cho Chu tjch UBND cap xa theo khoan 1 Didu 105 Luat Xirly VPHC nam 2012.
Thu hai, VBQPPL dugc tu quy dinh ngay cd hieu lue nhung ciing khdng qua sdm.
Le tit ydu, ca quan, td chuc va ca nhan la ddi tugng chiu su tac ddng ciia VBQPPL ndn hg cd quyen dugc tidp cSn vai ngi dung ciia nd. Chi trir nhirng trudng hgp nhit dinh nhu ndi dung van ban thudc pham vi bi mat nha nuac, cdn neu khdng thi nd cin phai dugc cdng khai, phai dugc phd bidn rdng rai. Theo dd, VBQPPL eua trung uang co hieu luc khdng sdm hon 45 ngay kd tir ngay thdng qua hoae ky ban hanh; VBQPPL cua CO quan nha nudc d dja phuong cd hieu lire khdng sdm han 10 ngay ddi vdi cip tinh, khdng sdm han 07 ngay ddi vdi cip huyen, cap xa kd tir ngay ky ban hanh.
Ba la, hieu luc trong trudng hgp VBQPPL giai quydt vin d6 khin cip, cin thidt.
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Dieu 151 LuatBan hanh VBQPPLnSm 2015.
Luat nay dir^c sua d6i, b6 sung nam 2014 bcri Luat Hai quan va sira doi, bo sung them mot l^n vao nSm 2017 boi Luat Thuy san. Tuy nhien cac npi dung sira doi 6 hai lan nay dSu khong c6 lien quan dkn van de duac dg c3p 6 day Dilu 144 Luat Xu-ly VPHC nam 2012.
I N G H I t N CUU , I L A P P H A P V S6 12(388)16/2019
BAN VEDITANLUAT VBQPPL dugc ban hanh theo trinh
tu, thii tuc riit gon thi cd thd cd hieu luc kh tir ngay thdng qua hoac ky ban hanh. Didu 146 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 quy djnh cac truang hgp xay dung, ban hanh VBQPPL theo trinh tu, thii tuc riit ggn bao gdm: (i) Truang hgp khin cip theo quy djnh cua phap luat vd tinh trang khin cip;
trudng hgp dot xuat, khan cap trong phdng, chong thien tai, dich benh, chay, nd; trudng hgp cap bach de giai quyet nhiing vin dd phat sinh trong thurc tien theo quydt djnh cua Qudc hdi; (ii) Truemg hgp de ngung hidu luc toan bg hoac mdt phin eua VBQPPL trong mdt thdi han nhat dinh; (iii) Tnrdng hgp cin sita ddi ngay cho phu hgp vai VBQPPL mdi dugc ban hanh".
Tuy nhien, Luat cung quy djnh them didu kien bd sung trong truemg hgp VBQPPL dugc phep cd hieu luc sdm la van ban phai dugc dang ngay trdn cdng thdng tin dien tir eiia ca quan ban hanh va phai dugc dua tin trdn phuang tien thdng tin dai chiing; dang Cdng bao nudfc Cdng hda XHCN Viet Nam hoac Cdng bao tinh, thanh phd true thugc trung ucmg cham nhat la sau 03 ngay ke tir ngay cdng bd hoac ky ban hanh.
Hoat dgng ban hanh VBQPPL cua cac ca quan cd tham quyen hien nay tuan theo Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 khi quy dinh vd thdi didm cd hieu luc. Cdn ve phuang dien ap dung, eac van ban cd gia trj thuc hien khdng ehi bao gdm cac van ban duge ban hanh theo Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 ma bao gdm ca cac van ban dugc ban hanh truac ngay 01/7/2016 theo Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2008; Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL 1996 sua ddi, bd sung nam 2002; Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL cua HDND va UBND nam 2004; va cac van ban trudc dd niia. Dd la ehua kd den eac trudng hgp khi giai quyet, xir ly eac van de xay ra trudc day phai su dung cac VBQPPL dang cd
hieu luc vao liic biy gid ma nay da hdt hieu luc. Tir dd cho thay, viec nghien euu thai didm cd hieu luc khdng chi dimg lai theo quy dinh cua Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 ma cdn phai van dung cac Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL trudc do. Trong bai vidt nay, chung toi phan tich va kien nghi ddi vdi Dieu 151 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015.
2. M6t s6 van de dat ra vl thdi diim c6 hieu Iwc cua van ban quy pham phap lugit 2.1 Cdn quy dinh ro ngdy, thdng ndm cd hieu lire cua VBQPPL
Khoan 1 Didu 151 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 quy dinh "thdi didm cd hieu luc cua toan bg hoac mdt phan VBQPPL dugc quy dinh tai van ban do...". Thuat ngii dugc lira chgn su dung trong quy djnh nay la "thdi diem". Khoan I Didu 38 Nghi dinh sd 34/2016/ND-CP quy djnh "Ngay eo hieu luc cua VBQPPL phai dugc quy dinh cu the ngay trong VBQPPL theo quy dinh tai Didu 151 va Dieu 152 cua Luat. Ca quan chii tri soan thao phai du kien cu the ngay cd hieu lire cua VBQPPL trong du thao VBQPPL tren ea sd bao dam du thai gian de cac ca quan, td chuc, ca nhan cd dieu kien tiep can van ban, cac doi tugng thi hanh c6 dieu kien chuan bi thi hanh van ban".
Vdi dien dat cua hai van ban nay thi khdng rd ngay cd hieu ly:e ciia VBQPPL cd phai ghi cu the la vao ngay, thang, nam nao hay khdng. Hay van ban cd the quy djnh nguyen tac va tir do ngudi dgc cd the tu hieu hay tu tinh toan dugc mdt each chinh xac thdi diem do la ngay nao cd hieu luc. Vi du, tai Quydt dinh sd 24/2016/QD-UBND ngay 11/7/2016 ciia UBND tinh Tra Vinh quy djnh ve dieu kien, tidu chuan chuc danh lanh dao, quan ly cap phdng thude Sd, Ban, nganh tinh va UBND huydn, thj xa, thanh phd cua tinh Tra Vinh, Dieu 2 Quyet dinh nay quy djnh
"Quyet djnh nay co hieu luc thi hanh sau 10 ngay ke tir ngay ky". Cd quan didm cho
S6 12(388)16/2019 ^ -LAP PHAP
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rang, ngay cd hieu luc cua Quyet dinh nay la ngay 22/7/2016 do ngay dau tien trong thai han 10 ngay la 11/7/2016 khdng duge tinh vao thdi han theo nguyen tac chung"*. Tuy nhien eung cd quan diem cho rang, viec ap dung tuang tu phap luat khdng dugc chap nhan trong quan he phap luat hanh chinh nen khdng thd diing Bd luat Dan su de giai quyet van de thai han d day. Do dd, neu bam sat tren cau chii thi Quyet dinh nay cd hieu luc vao ngay 21/7/2016 vi den ngay nay thi da thda man dieu kien sau 10 ngay ke tir ngdy ky ban hdnh la ngay 11/7/2016.
Ngoai ra, ve ca sd phap Iy, Dieu 23 Nghi quydt sd 351/2017/UBTVQH14 ngay 14/3/2017 ciia Uy ban thucmg vu Qudc hgi (UBTVQH) quy dinh vd thd thirc va ky thuat trinh bay VBQPPL cua Qudc hgi, UBTVQH va Chil tjch nudc quy djnh ve hieu lue thi hanh phai xac dinh eu the ngay, thang, nam cd hieu lire thi hanh eua van ban. Dang tiec rang, pham vj dieu chinh cua Nghi quyet nay chi bao gdm van ban eiia Quoe hgi, UBTVQH va Chu tjch nuac. Tir y nghTa thuc tien cua van de va mdt sd ca sd phap ly nhu vay nen hau het cac quan diem deu cho rang "thdi diem" cd hieu luc eua van ban la mdt ngay cu thd can phai ghi ro dd la ngay may cua thang may, nam may. Khdng dugc quy djnh ve nguyen tac de phai suy luan nhu Quydt dinh sd 24/2016/QD-UBND cua UBND tinh Tra Vinh. Theo chiing toi, nhu vay la hgp ly va can thiet dd tranh nhung tranh cai phap ly va thong nhat hon trong viec ap dung phap luat. Thiet nghT, Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL can quy djnh chi tiet ban ve ndi dung nay.
2.2 Chira chi tiit dirac thdi 0im cd hieu lire cda timg logi VBQPPL
Thdi ban dd dam bao eho viec tiep can ciia co quan, td chuc, ca nhan va viec td chuc tuyen truydn, thuc hien cua Nha nudc la khdng sdrm hon 45 ngay, 10 ngay, 07 ngay tuy vao tung cip. Luat cung quy djnh cac thdi diem bat dSu dd tinh thai ban nay. Theo do, van ban do ca quan cua trung ucmg ban hanh sir dung thdi didm duge thdng qua hoac ky ban hanh; van ban do ca quan dia phucmg ban hanh su dung thdi diem ky ban hanh. Ddi vdi quy djnh nay chung ta can lam rd radt so van de nhu sau:
Thu nhdt, ddi vdi van ban cua dja phuong Van ban cua dja phuang ehi cd hai loai la nghj quyet cua HDND va quyet djnh cua UBND. Ddi vdi ca hai loai van ban nay, Luat deu sii dung thai diem ky ban hanh lam can cit de tinh khdng sdm ban 10 ngay, 07 ngay. VBQPPL do UBND ban hanh co giai doan Chu tjch UBND ky ban hanh la bat huge nen quy dinh nay khdng vudng mac.
Tuy nhidn, ddi vai nghi quyet cua HDND thi trinh tu dugc quy djnh tai cac Chuang VIII, X, XI Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015.
Theo dd, sau khi HDND thao luan va bieu quyet thong qua du thao nghi quyet thi se den giai doan ky nghi quyet. Khoan 3 Dieu 126, khoan 3 Didu 137, khoan 4 Dilu 143 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 ggi giai doan nay la Chu tjch HDND ky chimg thuc nghi quyet. Nhu vay nghj quyet eua HDND khdng cd giai doan ky ban hanh.
Vide ky chimg thuc nghi quydt cua HDND tuong tu vdi giai doan ky chiing thuc van ban cua Qudc hdi, UBTVQH.
Trudc day, Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL cua
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Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 khong quy dinh ve each tinh thcri han, then hieu. Chiing la cung khong co Lu?it chung cho cac quan he h^nh chinh (cy th^ la khong co Luat Hanh chinh hay Bp luat Hanh chinh do Quoc hpi ban hanh).
v e each tinh thin han, ihifi hieu dugc quy dinh tirong d6i diy dii trong Bo luat D ^ su nSm 2015. Moi trong nhflng
•k^ r.u. >;^i. .L..^ I — i\.!^ k.A.. tii.>,% n,,^, A,r.h r-i'io R n luat n a v \a r\oa\ d a u tien t r o n e then b a n . thiVi his.. „ _ •_.
nguyen tic khi tinh then han, thiri hi?u theo quy dmh ciia Bg lu^t nayja ngay dau tien trong thin h xay ra sir kien khong dirpc tinh ma Iinh vao ngay tiep theo lien ke (DiSu 147).
I NGHICH CUU I I LAP P H A P ^ So 12(388)16/2019
1, thiri hieu, i
BAN VEDITANLUAT HDND va UBND nam 2004 cung quy djnh
viec ky chiing thirc nghj quyet ciia HDND chii khdng phai la ky ban hanh^ Tuy nhien, Luat nay khdng sir dung thdi diem ky chiing thuc lam can cir de tinh thai gian cho viec tuyen truyen, td chiie thuc hien ma quy djnh van ban cua HDND cap tinh co hieu luc sau 10 ngay ke tir ngay HDND thdng qua trir trudng hgp van ban quy djnh ngay cd hieu luc mudn hem*. Do dd, viec Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 khdng chgn thai diem nghj quyet dugc thdng qua ma chgn thdi diem ky ban hanh la mgt quy dinh mdi.
Chiing ta khdng nen suy doan nghj quyet cua HDND khdng eo giai doan ky ban hanh nen phai hieu "khdng sdm ban 10 ngay kd tu ngay dugc thdng qua".
Cung can phai ndi them rang, viec "ky"
trong Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 r4t da dang. VBQPPL cua Qudc hgi, HDND thi dugc ky chiing thuc, cua Chu tich nudc, Chinh phu, Thu tudng Chinh phu... thi ky ban hanh. VBQPPL cua UBTVQH hay ciia Hgi ddng Tham phan TAND tdi cao thi chi don thuan la ky ma ciing khong ggi la ky chung thuc hay ky ban hanh. Dieu 151 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 quy djnh, ky nghj quydt cua HDND la ky ban hanh.
Vi vay, nen thdng nhat hieu nghj quyet cua HDND cd hidu luc khong sdm ban 10 ngay hoac 07 ngay ke tii ngay ky (chiing thyc), khdng nen hieu la khdng sdm ban 10 ngay, 07 ngay ke tir ngay thdng qua vi khdng cd ca sd phap ly cung nhu ly luan.
Thuhai, ddi vai van ban cua trung ucmg VBQPPL ciia ca quan trung ucmg bao gom nhieu loai: bd luat, luat, nghj quyet cua Qudc hgi^; phap l?nh, nghj quydt
cua UBTVQH; nghi quydt lien tjch giiia UBTVQH vdi Doan Chu tieh Uy ban trung uang Mat tran Td quoc Viet Nam; lenh, quyet djnh cua Chu tjch nuac; nghi djnh cua Chinh phu; nghj quyet lien tjch giiia Chinh phil voi Doan Chii tich Uy ban trung uang Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam; quyet djnh cua Thu tudng Chinh phu; nghj quyet cua Hgi ddng Tham phan TAND tdi cao; thdng tu cua Chanh an TAND tdi eao; thdng tu cua Vidn trudng Vien kiem sat nhan dan (KSND) tdi cao; thdng tu cua Bg tnrdng, Thu trudng ca quan ngang bd; thdng tu lien tjch giiia Chanh an TAND tdi cao vdi Vien trudng Vien KSND tdi cao; thdng tu lien tich gifta Bg truemg, Thu trudng ca quan ngang bo vdi Chanh an TAND tdi cao, Vien trudng Vien KSND tdi eao; quyet dinh cua Tdng Kiem toan nha nudc (khoan I den khoan 8 Didu 4). Trong khi do, Dieu 151 chi su dung mdt trong hai thdi didm la thdi diem van ban dugc thdng qua hoac thdi diem van ban duge ky ban hanh de lam can eir. Vay ddi vdi van ban nao thi tinh khdng sdm hon 45 ngay ke tir ngay thdng qua cdn ddi vai van ban nao thi tinh khdng sam hon 45 ngay ke tir ngay ky ban hanh khdng dugc Luat nay lam ro. Xet ve trinh tu xay dung va ban hanh VBQPPL thi mdt van ban ed the ehi ed thdi diem thdng qua ma khdng cd thdi diem ky ban hanh hoac ngugc lai; ciing cd trudng hgp van ban cd ca thdi diem thdng qua va thdi diem ky ban hanh.
Cac van ban ehi cd thdi diem thdng qua ma khdng ed thai diem ky ban hanh bao gdm van ban cua Qudc hdi va UBTVQH.
Giai doan ky ddi vdi cac van ban nay la "ky chimg thuc", hoae chi la "ky" theo khoan 9 Didu 74, didm e khoan 3 Dieu 75, khoan 5
Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL cua HDND va UBND nSm 2004.
D i k 51 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL ciia HDND v^ UBND nam 2004.
Ci day khong de cap den Hien phip do Hien phip khong thupc ph^m v VBQPPL nam 2015.
dilu chinh theo DiSu i ciia Luat Ban hanh
Dieu 76, didm e khoan 2 Didu 77 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015. Ddi vdi trudng hgp nay, mac nhien sir dung thdi diem van ban dugc Qudc hdi hoac UBTVQH thdng qua. Cach hieu nay cung phii hgp vdi quy dinh trudc day ciia Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2008. Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2008 quy djnh van ban ciia trung ucmg ed hieu luc khong som han 45 ngay kd tir ngay cdng bd hoac ky ban hanh^. Trong dd chi cd van ban cua Quoc hdi, UBTVQH moi cd giai doan cdng bd ma cu the la Chii tich nudc ky lenh cdng bd^. Vi vay, quy dinh nay dugc hieu rang, ddi vdi van ban eua Quoe hdi va UBTVQH thi can cii vao thdi diem cdng bd, tuong iing nay hieu la thdi diem van ban dugc thdng qua. Ddi vdi cac van ban khdng cd thdi diem thong qua, ma cu the la cac van ban duge ban hanh vdi tu each ca nhan nhu van ban ciia Chu tjch nudc, Thu tudng Chinh phii, Chanh an TAND tdi cao...
thi se chgn thdi diem ky ban hanh.
Cac van ban vita cd giai doan thdng qua, vira co giai doan ky ban hanh cd the ke den nhu nghj dinh ciia Chinh phii. Luit khdng quy dinh khi xay ra tinh trang nay thi giai doan nao dugc lira chgn. Ddi vdi cac van ban loai nay, thdi diem tap the bieu quydt thdng qua la mgt trong nhiing dau mdc quan trgng ddi vdi van ban. Tuy nhidn, khac vdi Qudc hgi la quyet nghi tap the chi dugc thuc hien tai cac phien hgp thi Chinh phil dugc td chuc lay y kien bang phieu lay y kien. Trong trudng hgp nay, viec xac djnh ngay nao la ngay van ban dugc thdng qua la khdng dan gian. Ve mat ky thuat, thdi diem ky ban hanh van ban dugc xac djnh dd dang ban. De thuan lgi, nen lay thdi diem van ban dugc ky ban hanh de lam can cir xac dinh khdng sdm han 45 ngay. Nhung nhu da trinh
bay, nghj quydt cua Hdi ddng ThSm phan TAND tdi cao cd thii tuc "Chanh an TAND tdi cao ky nghi quydt cua Hdi ddng Tham phan TAND toi cao" chu khdng phai la ky ban hanh hay ky chimg thuc. Xet thiy viec xac djnh thdi didm thdng qua la khd khan, nham cd each hidu thdng nhdt khi quy dinh, chiing tdi cho rang ddi vdi nghi quyet ciia Hgi ddng Tham phan ciing nen chpn thdi diem ky nghj quyet de tinh khdng sdm han 45 ngay.
2.3 Quy dinh gid cd hieu lire
Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 quy djnh thdi diem cd hieu luc ciia van ban tuy nhien khong giai thich rd thuSt ngii thai didm. Ddn Nghj djnh sd 34/2016/ND-CP, thdi diem dugc giai thich tai Dieu 71:
"2. Trudng hgp thdi diem dugc xac djnh bang giay, phiit, gid, ngay, tuan, thang, quy, nam thi thcri diem dugc trinh bay bSng sd chi thdi diem va don vj thdi diem.
3. Don vi thdi ban, dan vi thdi diem dugc the hidn bang chir va dugc trinh bay lien sau so chi do dai ciia thdi han, sd chi thdi diem".
Theo quy dinh nay, thdi diem trong Iuat CO the quy dinh la ngay, tuan, thang, quy, nam. Tuy nhien, thdi diem cung cd the cu the hem dd la giay, phiit, gid. Thong thudng, neu VBQPPL cd hieu luc dam bao nguyen tac khdng sdm ban 45 ngay, 10 ngay hoac 07 ngay thi viee quy dinh van ban cd hieu lyc cu the den mgt gid nao do trong ngay la khdng cin thidt. Xet d khia canh thcri gian, ndu quy dinh cu the cd hieu luc vao mdt ngay thi thdi digm bat d4u la liic 00 gid 00 phut. Vi du Luat siia doi, bd sung mdt sd didu ciia Bd luat Hmh su (BLHS) nam 2017 cd hieu luc vao ngay 01/01/2018 cd nghTa la nd se cd hieu luc vao
Khoan 1 Dieu 78 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2 Di6u 57 Luat Ban h^nh VBQPPL nSm 2008.
MQ I NGHIEN CUU . ' • O I L A P P H A P - V S 6 12(388)16/2019
BAN VE DU" AN LUAT liic 00 gid 00 phiit ngay 01/01/2018'". Tuy
nhien, VBQPPL cd thd cd hieu lue sdm, tham chi cd hieu luc tir ngay thdng qua hoac ky ban hanh trong trudng hgp dugc ban hanh theo thu tuc nit ggn.
Thir nhdt, viec cho phep cd hieu lyc vao ngay ky ban hanh hoac ngay thdng qua chua dugc hieu mgt each thdng nhat. Dieu 147 BLHS quy dinh ve thdi diem bat dau de tinh thdi ban. Theo dd, khi thdi ban dugc xac djnh bang ngay, tuan, thang, nam thi ngay dau tien cua thdi ban khdng dugc tinh vao thdi ban ma tinh tir ngay tiep theo lien ke ngay duge xac dinh. Khi thai ban bat dau bang mdt su kien thi ngay xay ra su kien khdng dugc tinh ma tinh ngay tiep theo lien ke ciia ngay xay ra sy kien do. Nhu vay quy dinh ve viec van ban c6 hieu luc cd the tir ngay thdng qua hoae ky ban hanh duge hieu la ngay ngay dd hay phai ngay hdm sau thi can dugc lam ro. Vi du, van ban duge ky ban hanh ngay 01/4/2018 thi cd dugc quy dinh cd hieu lyc vao ngay 01/4/2018 hay khdng.
Chiing ta thay rang, van ban chi cd hieu lue vao thdi diem thdng qua hoac ky ban hanh khi nao dugc ban banh theo thii tuc nit ggn.
Trong khi dd, thu tuc nit ggn thuc hidn trong trudng hgp cap bach, can thiet nhu phdng, chdng thien tai, dieh benh, chay, nd... Do vay yeu cau van ban phai chd den bat dau ngay hdm sau mdi cd hieu luc la chua thich hgp, khdng giai quyet duge van de mang tinh khan cap.
Thir hai, neu eho rang VBQPPL cd hieu lyc ngay ngay ky hoac thdng qua thi phat sinh van de ve hdi td. Lay vi du, Dieu
2 Nghi dinh sd 13 8/2016/ND-CP ngay 01/10/2016 cua Chinh phu ban hanh quy che lam viec cua Chinh phu quy dinh: "Nghi dinh nay cd hieu luc thi hanh tir ngay ky ban banh, thay thd Nghj dinh sd 08/2012/ND-CP ngay 16/02/2012 cua Chinh phii ban hanh Quy che lam viec cua Chinh phu".
Nghi djnh nay cd hieu luc thi banh tur ngay 01/10/2016, cdn vide thdng qua hay ky VBQPPL dugc thuc hidn vao ban dem hay khdng thi hien nay khdng co quy dinh. Tuy nhien, neu vide nay la dugc phep thi ciing khdng ed nhieu tren thuc te, vi binh thudng, cac ca quan ban hanh van ban se lam viec de thdng qua van ban hoac ngudi cd tham quyen se ky van ban vao gid lam viec hay cdn ggi dd la gid hanh chinh. Ndu Nghj djnh nay dugc ky vao gid lam viee ciia ngay 01/10/2016 thi viec nd cd hieu lyc vao 00 gid 00 phut ciia cimg ngay la trai quy dinh ve hieu lue thdi gian. Dieu nay vi pham nguyen tic ca ban cua viec ap dung phap luat la luat phai e6 trudc de dieu chinb, chi it luat eiing phai cd cimg mdt luc xay ra quan he. Viec sir dung mgt van ban ap dung cho mot hanh vi xay ra trudc thdi diem nd ra ddi chi khi nao dap iing day du cae quy djnh chat che ve hieu lyc trd ve trudc theo Dieu 152 Luat Ban hanb VBQPPL nam 2015.
Cd mdt sd dan chimg vd viec ghi gid ddi vdi VBQPPL". Didu 112 Hidn phap nam 1959 ghi nhan: "Ban Hien phap nay da dugc Qudc hdi nudc Viet Nam dan chu cgng hoa khoa thir nhkt, ky hgp thir 11, nhat tri thdng qua trong phien hgp ngay 31 thang 12 nam 1959, hdi 15 gid 50 phut". Didu 147 Hidn
10 Nghi quygt S6 41/2017/QH13 ngay 20/6/2017 ciia Qu6c hpi khoa 14 vg viec thi hanh BLHS S6 100/2015/QH13 da diroc siia d6i,b6 sung mpt s6 dilu theo Luat 12/2017/QHI4vg hieu luc thi hanh ciia Bp luat T6 tung hinh SLT 101/2015/QH13.
LuatTd chijc Co quan diSu tra hinh su 99/2015/QH13, LuttThi hanh tam giif, tam giam 94/2015/QH13 quy dinh- "Tat ca cac digu khoan cua BLHS nam 2015 duoc dp dung dg khoi t6, diSu tra, truy t6, xet xii va thi hanh an doi voi ngudi thuc hien hanh vi pham toi tir 00 gicr 00 phiit ngay 01/01/2018"
11 Hign phap nam 1980 cung quy dinh vg gio, phut ma HiSn phap nay diroc thong qua a Digu 147.
So 12(388)16/2019 NGHIEN CUU I n -LAP PHAP I '*'
phap nam 1980 ciing ed ngi dung tuang ty'^.
Chiing ta thay rang, ca hai van ban nay cd ghi gid nhun^ dd la gid Qudc hdi bieu quydt thdng qua. Ve hidu lyc, ca hai van ban deu ed hieu lyc vao ngay sau ngay dugc thdng qua. Cu the Hien phap nam 1959 cd hieu lyc vao ngay 01/01/1960, cdn Hien phap nam 1980 ed hieu luc vao ngay 19/12/1980. Day la mdt tien le de chiing ta cd the tham khao.
Neu van ban da cd the ghi den thdi diem cu the la dugc thong qua vao gid nao thi ciing nen nghi den viec nd cd hieu luc vao gid nao khi can thidt.
Chiing tdi cho rang, viec xac djnh van ban dugc cd hieu lyc ngay tiic thi la can thiet nhung cung can quy djnh ehi tiet ban ve thdi didm nay. Cu thd la Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 hoac nghi dinh hudng dan khi quy dinh thdi diem cd hieu luc thi dugc quy dinh den gid cd hidu luc.
2.4 Thay doi thdi Mem bdt dau co hieu lire VBQPPL dugc ban hanh theo trinh tu rat chat che tu vide de xuat, lay y kien, quyet dinh xay dung van ban, soan thao...
nen chat lugng VBQPPL ngay cang dugc nang eao. Tuy nhien, vdi hang chuc ngan VBQPPL phap Iuat tir trung ucmg den dja phuang dugc ban hanh hang nam thi viec ed mdt sd van ban khdng dam bao chat lugng la hoan toan cd the xay ra. Van ban da dugc ban hanh eoi nhu nd da qua dugc khau tien kiem la lay y kien, eho y kien gdp y, tham djnh, tham tra... Sau khi van ban duge ban hanh rdi thi viec kidm tra van ban van dugc tiep tue thuc hien (hau kiem). Vdi quy trinh kiem scat chat ehe nhat cd the ciing vdi su tham gia phan bien xa hgi cua td chiic, ca nhan, cac quy dinh khdng phii hgp rat de bi phat hien. Thuc te eho thay, cd mgt sd van ban bj phat hien sai sdt d thdi diem ma nd sap cd hieu luc. NghTa la cac van ban dang trong giai doan da dugc thdng qua hoac ky
ban hanh, t h ^ chi da phat hanh, cdng bd chinh thitc, chi cdn cha ddn ngay cd hieu lyc thi hanh. Chiing ta cd thd thay rang, BLHS nam 2015 la mdt vi du didn hmh (cd sai sdt d 141 Didu). Trudc do, chimg ta cd mgt su viec tuang tu ddi voi Luat Bao hidm xa hgi nam 2014. Sau khi Luat nay dugc thdng qua va cdng bd thi vkp phai nhidu y kien khdng ddng thuan eiia nhieu chuyen gia va ngudi lao dgng ve chinh sach hudng bao hiem xS hgi mdt lan d Dieu 60.
Van de dat ra d day la each xir ly ve mat hieu lyc ddi vdi hai van ban nay.
(i) Ddi vdi BLHS nam 2015, Nghi quydt sd 144/2016/QH13 ngay 29/6/2016 ciia Qudc bdi quy djnh: "Lui hieu lyc thi hanh ciia BLHS sd 100/2015/QH13,... tu ngay 0I/7/20I6 den ngay Luat sira ddi, bo sung mdt sd dieu cua BLHS so 100/2015/
QH 13 cd hieu lyc thi hanh, tru quy djnh tai diem a va diem b khoan 4 Dieu nay."
(ii) Ddi vdi Luat Bao hiem xa hdi nam 2014, Qudc hdi khdng tien hanh siia ddi Luat nay ma ban hanh Nghj guyet so 93/20I5/QH13 ngay 22/6/2015 de hudng dan cho Dieu 60 quy djnh ve ehinh sach hudng bao hiem xa hdi mdt Ian ddi vdd ngudi lao dgng, nhung ngi dung cua nd lai khac ban so vdi ndi dung ciia Bieu 60. Qua day, chiing ta thay cd hai each iing xir trudc mgt van ban ed sai sdt khi chua cd hieu luc.
Cach thii nhat la lui thdi ban ap dung de chd van ban sira ddi bd sung, each thii hai la tien hanh sira ddi ngay. Chgn theo each thii nhat hay thii hai tuy thudc vao vide ca quan cd tham quyen cdn nhieu thdi gian khdng kbi phat hien ra van ban cd van dd. Ddi vdi truang hgp can ke ngay ed hieu lyc nhu ddi vdi BLHS nam 2015 thi vide tidn hanh sua ddi la khdng kha thi. Tuy nhien viec lui thdi han ap dung ciia BLHS cung khdng cd can cir phap ly do Luat Ban hanh VBQppL nam
"Ban Hien phap nay da dupe Qu6c hpi niroc Cpng hoa XHCN Vigt Nam khoa VI, ky hop thu 7, nhat tri thong qua trong phien hpp ngay 18/12/1980, h6i 15 gio 25 phiit".
M
l HCHlfeN CUU , I L A P P H A P ^ So 12(388)76/2019BAN VEDITANLUAT 2015 khdng co quy dinh vd vSn de na;^. Day
chi la mdt giai phap mang tinh tinh the.
Quy djnh cd lien quan den van de nay trong Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 la viec ngung hieu luc cua VBQPPL. Theo dd, VBQPPL ngung hieu lyc toan bg hoac mgt ph^n khi bj dinh chi vide thi hanh theo quy djnh tai khoan 3 Didu 164, khoan 2 Didu 165, khoan 2 va khoan 3 Dieu 166, khoan 2 va khoan 3 Didu 167; hoac ca cjuan cd tham quydn ban hanh VBQPPL quyet djnh ngung hieu luc ciia van ban do. Tuy nhien, Luat cung khdng quy dinh ro each thiic dinh chi hay ban hanh van ban ngung hieu luc mdt vSn ban khac; khdng quy djnh rd cd dugc dinh chi thi hanh ddi vdi cac van ban chua cd hieu lye hay khdng. Theo suy luan thdng thudng, viec ngung hieu lue ehi dugc thyc hidn khi van ban da co hieu lye, cdn neu van ban chua cd hieu lyc thi ra mgt quyet djnh lam cho nd ngung hieu lyc khong phai la mdt phuong an tdi uu.
3. Ket luan va kien nghi
Cd the thay, ngoai nhiing ket qua dat dugc, quy djnh ve cd hieu luc ciia VBQPPL van cdn mgt sd khiem khuyet do ehua xay dung dugc nguyen tac ma tir dd co the ca the hda den tung loai van ban. Ben canh do, mgt sd quy djnh can tiep tuc hoan thien bao gdm viec quy djnh ro van ban nen cd hieu luc den ngay, thang, nam; trong trudng hgp v5n ban ed hieu lye som khi ban hanh theo thu tyc nit ggn ed the quy dinh cu the den gid cd hieu lye; bd sung quy djnh ve viec lui hieu luc khi van ban chua ed hieu luc. Cu thd, Didu 151 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 nen sua ddi theo hudng sau:
1. Thdi diem cd hieu lyc cua VBQPPL dugc quy djnh cy the theo ngay, thang, nam ducmg ljch trir tnidng hgp quy dinh tai khoan 3 Dieu nay.
2. Thdi diem ed hieu lue cCia toan bg hoac mgt ph^n VBQPPL dugc quy djnh tai
van ban do nhung khdng sam hon 45 ngay ke tir ngay Qudc hdi, UBTVQH thdng qua hoac ngdy ngudi cd thdm quyen ky ddi vdi VBQPPL ciia ca quan nha nude khde a trung ucmg; khdng sdm han 10 ngay ke tir ngay ngudi cd thdm quyin ky ddi vdi VBQPPL cua HDND; UBND cap tinh; khong scmi han 07 ngay ke tir ngay ngudi cd thdm quyin ky ddi vdi VBQPPL cua HDND, UBND c4p huyen va cap xa.
3. VBQPPL dugc ban hanh theo trinh ty, thii tuc nit ggn thi ed the ed hieu luc ke tir ngay thdng qua hoac ky tuang img vdi quy dinh tgi khodn 2 Dieu ndy; Trong trudng hpp cdn thiet, ca quan ban hdnh VBQPPL dugc cdn nhdc quy dinh VBQPPL ed hieu luc vdo gid, phut, gidy cu the ciia ngdy thdng qua hodc ky. VBQPPL cd hiiu lue sdm han thdi hgn theo quy dinh ndy ddng thdi phai dugc dang ngay tren Cdng thdng tin dien tir cua co quan ban hanh va phai dugc dua tin hren phuang tidn thdng tin dai chiing; dang Cdng bao nudc Cdng hda XHCN Viet Nam hoae Cdng bao tmh, thanh phd tryc thudc trung uong trong vdng 04 ngdy ke tir ngay cdng bd hoac ky.
4. Trong trudng hgp phat hien VBQPPL CO ndi dung trai vdi Hidn phap, luat, van ban cua ca quan nha nudc cap tren hoac khdng cdn phii hgp thi cbinh co quan cd thSm quydn da ban hanh VBQPPL hoac ca quan ed tham quyen dinh ehi, bai bd van ban nay dugc ban hanh VBQPPL dh liii thdi ban ap dung. VBQPPL bj liii thdi ban ap dung khdng qua sau thang trir truemg hgp ckn ban hanh van ban sira ddi, bd sung hoac thay thd thi thdi ban nay la khdng qua mdt nam kd tir ngay cd hieu luc theo quy djnh trong VBQPPL da ban hanh trude dd'^a
13 Cdc n$i dung in nghigng la npi dung nguoi vigt dg xuit be sung vao Digu 151 Luat Ban hanh VBQPPL nam 2015 , NGHIEN CUU I J i n S6 12(388)16/2019 ^ L A P P H A p l *•*•
