TRONG THO TRAO PHUNG TRAN TE XUONG

TRUCfNG BAI HOC T H U BO HA NOI

NHONG BIEU HIEN CUA YEU TO TU sir

TRONG THO TRAO PHUNG TRAN TE XUONG

B6 Thi Ngoc Quygn Tnrdng Bai hoc Supham Hd Ngi

Tdm tat: Xu hudng luge bdt nhirng tin hieu biiu cdm Plfc tiep Pong tim ta tao dieu kiin cho sir thdm nhap ciia chdt tu su vdo tha. Mot trong nhiing tdc gid ddu tien the hien jir tdi mdi nhu thi trang tha la Trdn Te Xuang. Mdi bai tha cua dng tuac vi nhu mgt can chuyen cd cdt truyen, cdc nhdn vgt diu tugc ggi ten cu the. Vd tgc bi4t, thcri gian, khdng gian trong tha Tit Xuang mang nhirng tgc diim cita thdi gian, khdng gian U-ong vdn xudi Tirkhod: TiiXuang, bieu hien chdt tusu, tha Pao phiing.

I . M 6 D A U

Tha ca von dugc coi la mpt hinh thuc to chuc ngon tii nghe thu3t giau nhac dieu, giau hinh anh, giau cam xiic va co tinh da nghia. Nguai viet cimg nhu nguoi dgc den voi tha de chia se sir dong dieu trong tinh cam, cam xiic. Cho nen, n^u tra tho vh vai ban chSt nguyen thuyi ctia no thi se thiy: dir no co nhiSu khoang trSng hem van xuoi nhimg no lai At giau tiSm nang biSu cam nho nhiing than tir, nhitag can hoi tu til, nhung tinh tir hay trsing til biSu cam... Nhung, theo thai gian, cang ngay tho cang khong dua nhilu vao than tir dS thi hien cam xuc cua nhan vat trii tinh nOa. Xu huang luge bat nhitag tin hieu biSu cam true tiep trong tha da tao dieu kien cho su tham nhap cua chit van xuoi vao tha. Chim di trong su len ngoi cua su kien, cua c5t chuyen, va cua ngon ngii huong ngoai, thiSt nghi, lai la mot huong di hay cho nhan vat trir tinh trong each t h i hiSn cam xiic. Mgt trong nhiing tac gia dau tien the hien su doi mai nhu thi trong tho la Trin T l Xuong. M6i bai tho cua ang dugc vi nhu mot cau chuyen co cit truyen, cac sir kien, nhan vat d i u dugc ggi ten cu thi va dac biet, thai gian, khong gian trong tha Tu Xuang mang nhimg dac d i l m cua thoi gian, khong gian trong van xu6i.

Nhan b&i ngay 15,05.2015; giji phan bien va duyet d5ng ngay 24 05 2016 Lien he tac gia: D6 Tin Ngoe Quyen: Email: dongocquyenbxl@gmail.eom

TAP CHI KHOA HOC - SO S/2D1B

2. N O I D U N G

2.1. M o i bai tho" la mot cau chuyen ke co cot truyen

Khong the phu nhan rang hucmg tiep can cuoc song trong trang thai ciia van xuoi lam cho cam xuc trong tha Tu Xucmg co them y ngliia de ton tai. cho dii do co the la nhimg xuc cam CO phan tieu cue. bi quan. Hay noi each khac, sir chan thanh ciia xuc cam trong tha Tii Xuong duac hinh thanh tir su hien dien ciia cai loi su that. Tu Xucmg tai hien trong tha birc tranh loan canh ciia xa hpi buoi giao thai, nai nhimg du chan \ a n hoa phuang Tay dang lam x6 lech di mpi gia tri dao due. Hai moi quan he lam ruong cot ciia dao ly: tinh phu - tir, nghia phu - the da tro nen nhem nhuoc v6 cimg, Da> la mpt trong rat nhieu cau chuyen cua thai dai ay;

Cd ky sao md dd chet ngay?

O hay. trdi chdng ne dng Tdy!

Gdi ta di lay ldm hai ho, Ndm mdi vira sang dirac mdt ngdy.

Hdng phd khdc bdng cdu ddi do.

Ong chdng thirang den cdi xe tay!

Gdm ghe cho nhimg cd con gdi.

Md vdn dua nhau Idy cdc thdy!

'Mi'mg hai tet rieng co ky)

Bai tha. ngay tir dau da mo ra moi quan he ta> ba phiic tap giira co k\. thay kV va quan Tay. Boi le. co k\ chet nhung tac gia khong to y thuang co, cung khong phai thay ky ma lai buong lai than tiec ong Tay. Cau chuyen den day mdi dugc \ a le: Thay k\' \ira lam trong cong sa. \"ira ma mpt hieu cho thue xe ta\. De tien cho \'iec lam an. thay ta lay mpt CO \ p hai rat tre roi cho co di "giao thiep" \ di \ ien cam T a \ . Co nhien. vien cam Tay mac ke my nhan vh de tha\' ky budng kha nhieu qu>en lai. N'hung nii thay. co k>' Iai chet Nha van N'gu> en Tuan. \ i the. \ iet: "ngirdi ldm iho co nhdc den mot dng Tdy vd mdi cdi xe tay.

Tdi cho rdng hai hinh anh dd mdi Id cdi himg vi chinh cua bdi tha hien thirc mdi cdch mia mai ndy" [I. n. 304]. Ldi than van "O hay trai chdng ne dng Tdy" cua Tii Xuang mang y cham biem. thuang cho ong Tay mat mpt thir do chai. Nhung chua dimg iai a do. tinli chat hai hudc cua cau chuyen con dupe da\ len den miic cay dpc: co ky chet vao ngay mimg hai tet. nga>- do ngudi ta con mai \ui vdi mem \ u i nam mdi cua minh. nao co ai quan tam d^n cai chet cua co. Thuc te thi. ngudi chet cii chet. ngudi an tet cii an tet. Ngay ca den ong chong Cling chi thuang den cai su nghiep xe ta>- tir da> dang da \ i khong co co Moi quan he giua con ngudi \di con ngudi sao ma nhat nheo. bac beo Su .su> thoai dao dire nay sa

70 II T R U a N B BAI HOC T H U B O HA Nfi

dl bit diu tit thai d6 coi trong dSng tiln ctia con ngiroi trong xa h§i do, Vi tiln ma nhflnj ke lam ch6ng sSn sing dem vg minh ra dl dinh d6i liy chiit lod danh, Tmh nghia phu thi don giin chi li mfit vu hgp tac dl lim an sao cho thiiin ti&i. Nhi van Nguyen T i ^ ciiag CO y kiln ttrong ttr: "Trong cdi quan he nam nit nay, trong cdi quan he Phdp - Nam ndy, trong cdi quan he bg ba ndy co sd chinh id gi? La tinh thtrang u? Ld tinh yiu u? KJidng dgng ca chinh id cdi xe tay (...). Dgng ca td tien, dong tiin buon bdn giira luc Tdy ma tinh"

[l,tr,304],

Su tliam du oia ylu t6 vin xu6i vio tho g6p phin dang kl trong viec gia giim eft cung bic kliac nliau ciia tieng cuoi trong tha trio phting Tii Xuang. Trong nhiing c^

chuyen d&i, chuySn nguoi dugc nhi tha tai hi?n khSng phii liic nao tilng cuoi cung bi phin, chit chiia, dim nuac mit, D6i khi, d6 chi l i nhiing loi trio tilu nhe nhing nhu t&

tio, b6ng diia di dom mi vin du dl nguoi doc de dang theo doi dugc diin biln ciu chuySn cung nhu tinh cim mi tie gii gui gim:

Dim qua anh din chai ddy, Gidy gidn anh dgn, 6 tdy anh cdm

Rgng ngay, sang trdng canh nam, Anh ddy, em hdy con ndm tra tro.

Hdi 6, 6 mdt bao gid Hoi em, em cut dm d khong thtra.

Chin e rdy gid mai mua Ldy gi di sam vi trua vdi tinh?

(Bi hdt mdt 6)

Nhin vi^c mOt nhi nho (c6 nguoi cho ring nhi tho Diic€)mh) len tinh choi hat a ^ c6 cai o d?p bi CO diu ning mit, tile ciia 1^ bvc mmh, ong niy nha Tii Xmmg lim bii tho da kich nha hing do, Ciu chuySn vl viec mit 6 dugc kl ty mi, chi tilt: mit d dau, mSt trong truemg hgp nio, va co thi doin dugc nguai an cip can eft vio thai do "dm a khom thua" diy nghi hoje: "Cdu chuyin ki lgi bdng tho it ldi nhtmg du str viic tinh tiit khom ketn gi ldi van xuoi. co thi ldm thod mdn duoc mgt ang quan tod dt, thdm. va co thi Um tnducho mat cdch gidng van d mdt lap vdn ndo". Ylu t6 trir tmh trong bii c6 IS chi duoe the luen ro 6 hai ciu tho culi. Nhung ciing chi cin hai ciu tha cu& mi ctiu van duoc ca mgt d o ^ tran d6 khong bi&i no thinh van xu6i. Nai nilm cua nhan vat trir tmh trong l | l l "«- 1 " ' " , " " " ' " ' ' " " ^ ' " " « '^' ' ^ ^ * ' ^ - y khuyln sang mOt hudj aac^ Bataanotgto lin tir hai cdu cudi cung. Tu mgt cdu chuyen dn cdp dS vdt, ddng If ch, gay no, mgt chut tiec cita, Tu Xuong trang trgng nang nd lin thdnh mot nSi niim hii

TAP CHI KHDA HDC - SO S / Z D I S || 71

hop xot thirang ciia nhimg cap Tmh nhdn mudn Thud (...) Ben cdi tuc tdn. Nguyen Tudn long mgt net thanh, Tii Xirang lay cdi trong trdng md gan loc di cdi vdn due vd hiit nd len theo vai tha minh" [1, tr. 67]. Bai tha. sau khi duac luu truyen da khien lac gia cua no chang nhung dupe nha hang xin loi ma con dupe boi hoan lai tien. Di nhien. nha tha Tii Xuang lai la ngudi \ iet ldi phiic dap bang mpt bai tha theo loi lay Kieu khac.

Nhu vay. khi chat van xuoi da tham nhap \'ao tha ca no se tao cho tha co kha nang cua nhimg ky su, phong su: ghi chep nhiing ngudi that, viec that khien tha liic nao ciing mang hoi thd nong hoi ciia cupc song. Trong tha trao phiing ciia Tii Xuong. tinh lich su. cu the.

chan thuc cua nhiing biic tranh ngudi thuc. \iec thuc chinh la mpt dac trung tieu bieu cua tha ong.

2.2. S y kien, con ngudi m a n g tinh lich sir - cu the, chan thirc va sinh dong Cac nhan \at. su kien trong tac pham cua Tu Xucmg nhu budc thang tCr cupc ddi vao trang sach. Cho nen. trong tha ong chat nhua tir cupc ddi liic nao cung nong hoi hoi bai nhirng ten ngirdi, ten viec cu the. Ngudi ta khong kho khan de tim kiem tu lieu ve cupc ddi.

su nghiep. than the. nai an chon d eua hp, Tac gia Vuang Tri Nhan cho biet: "Theo ghi nhdn cua nhd vdn Nguy en Cdng Hoan. mgl ngirai ndi tieng co ti'i nhd tot va dd cd mot thdi gian ddi dgy hoc a Nam Dinh, thi hdu het cdc nhdn vgi dtrgc nhdc tai Irong iha Tii Xirang cd dia chi that a ngodi dai. Cdc bdi tha hinh thdnh nhir mdt cdch de ldc gid ddnh ddu nhirng girang mat md minh limg biet vd phai chung sdng" [L tr. 371]. Dieu do khong nhiing khong lam phuang hai den hinh anh nhan \at ong mieu ta ma con giiip ong bpc 16 ro hon thai dp. tinh cam tdi nhan \ a t do.

Trong nhiing bai tha trir tinh nhu Giri dng thu khoa Phan. ta thay ong gpi ten hp de bay to su kinh trpng, nguong mp. Trong tho trao phung. ong gpi ten nhan \ a t de bay to su than mat. suong sa va ca long yeu men \ d i ngudi duac nhac den trong bai. Chang han trong bai Ban dng dm Diem nha tho da choi chii "dm" de diia treu ngudi ban cua minh:

.4m khdng ra dm. dm ra ndi.

Am chay loang qiidng. dm chdng ngdi.

Chen ca dd chuyen cimg chen mdu Ludc gid. ndu ihii. lai do xdi.

Am von ia danh hieu de chi con quan Ong am Diem \dn que o Thira Thien. gia canh sa Slit mdi ra Nam Dinh lam an, nha ciing o pho Hang Nau. Hoan canli ra ddi bai tho na>

theo nhu nha tha dan giai trong ban chii Nom .AB-194 la. "iJng dm Diim uang ngdi chai vdi la. mdt chdc bdng thdy con be con Id ngudi nhd bd Hai Dich idi goi Ong dm ai. dng ve gdi hd hd idi vdi cdi gid. Ong dm lay ldm budn cudi hoi mdi thi hod ra chu nhd nd -^ui

72 II TRLjCtNG BAI HOC T H U B O HA N^|

ng ggi thdng dm, nhtmg nd nghe nhdm ra ang dm. Budn cudi qud ta mdi bdn ong dm". Bai tho, nhu vay, dugc vilt dh trio tilu cho vui. Nha tho ciing chS gieu cai danh hieu ciu Sm cua ban bing each lii no sang nghia chi cai am la dung cu pha tri. Buon cuoi hon ii nlu do la dung cu pha tri thi hiy con quy sang. Nhimg am "noi" nay lai khdng danh bgn voi cic thli chen, tach niia ma chuyen sang lim vi^c ninh nau cua noi. Am ciing chang con ra a m n ^ .

Bai Vinh cd Cdy cha Rong cung dugc viet theo loi hii huac do. Nhi tho ciing dung each choi chfi ten co de luan ra ca mgt hg hang nha cay:

Ai dep han ca Cdy chg Rdng iMinh cd thi mgt, cha thi ddng.

Gidi con be dd, tuy ngang dgc, Ngudi phdi cua ddu, chd hdi himg.

Budn Pieng nhirng toan ki cira Id So cong chdng ddm dgng chdn long.

Hdi ai thien hg, ra citng rac Yem trdng nhu cd phdi chgn chdng

Theo nha nghien curu Nguyin Tiln Doan trong bai Them mgt tu lieu vi tha Tit Xwong, cu ndi cua 6ng da timg cimg Trin Nhu IChe va Tii Xuang din chg Rdng xem mat co Cay.

Nhan sac cua co dugc cu diln ta bing nhOng tvr nhu "tiiu kiiu tuyet xinh", "tuyet thi", 'Tai Pang ciing thdy me hdn".. NguySn co Cay nguoi ling Phii 6c (ngoai thanh Nam Binh) ban gao o chg Rong. Co nay dep nen hay bi bgn con trai treu gheo. Nhung co cung rit gh6 gom nen thuong cu lai. Nha tho, tuy co dimg chS cua, cay dl trSu diia ten co nhung vin to ro su thien cam trudc mgt hr each doan trang, manh bao.

Tuy nhi6n, phin da cac nhan v$t dugc Tu Xuong chi mat ggi ten trong thg diu bi tac gia bay to thai Sis khong thien cam, tham chi khinh bi, cam ghet, cam phin. Co le khi goi ten cac nhan vat nay Tii Xuang mai thi hien mgt quan niem khi ph5 biln trong dan gian xua: nguai ta thuang reo tan ten tue ra dl chui khi muln to ra khong ton trong ai do (Nguyin Trai cung da dimg each niy khi ggi giac Minh li giac Ngo trong Dai cdo bitOl Ngo). Tho trao phiing eua Tii Xuong vi thi dugc vi nhu ban cao trang chi diing nguoi, dung to. ven nhihig ke vgi vang chay theo phong trao Au hoi din 16 lang, kech com, hoac bat nhan, hoac tha hoa vi dao diie, hoac bit chip tit ci chi vi tiln... Dang noi la s6 luong nhan v^t nay kha nhieu. TTieo tie gia Trin Thi Tram trong bai Tu Xtrang - nhirng phong sit bang tho. eo den 45 nhan vat trong sing tie eua Tu Xuang bi 161 dich danh ten eung com ra ma reo ggi. Tir mu Tuan Quang, mu B 6 Cao ling lg nhung dong vai minh phu die hanh, den Am Ki, Do MT, chii Tilu Long phi, mit nit, quen thoi giang hoa; tii cu thuong

TAP CHI KHDA H C C - SD S/2D1B

73

Cao, quan Cir Nhu, tri phu Xuan Truong, Thanh Phao, cue Thang d6n Huan MT, tu Tay Ho, ong Bat, Le Tuyen... Nao tay Tho nhu nhuac dk vg choi nhang, 6ng Han ph6 hang Song, Vu Tuan, L6 SI Nghi, tranh nhau cai thu khoa nam Canh Ty; nao co Ky vi co nghiep cua ch6ng ma thuc hien ki my nhan, r6i iSo Han bi vg doa bo. Nao ong Iang Xang, chii Tiieu Chdu, nao ba Hanh Tu... [1, tr. 365], Ching h ^ nhu:

Cir nhdn: cau dm Ky Tu tdi: con dd My

(Than su thi) Sa khdo khoa nay bdc cu Nhu.

Thuc ra vim dot lgi vica ngu (Ong cir Nhu) Ndm nay do rat phirong hay chit Kia bdc Le Tuyen cUng thu ba.

(Khoa Canh Ty)

Va con bao nhiSu ke xSu net; ke moi phat, rdm ddi, trudng gia hpc lam sang nua.Tii Xuong la mdt nha tha Idn bdi ong la ngudi d i u tien gop cho lich sir dan toe nhirng phong su bang tha vo gia qua nhihig cau chuyen v6 ngudi thuc, viec thuc nhu the.

2.3. T h o i gian v a k h o n g gian cu the

Lam nen tinh chan thuc trong npi dung phan anh cua tha Tii Xuang con phai ke den su ho tra ciia lUiihig tii6ng s6 than gian, khong gian cu the. Co rat nhieu bai tha cua ong neu chinh xac, cu the dia diem, thdi gian den miic ngudi dpc hom nay co the can cii" vao do d§

tra cuu nhu thg m6t tu lieu lich sit. Doc nhiing bai tha nhu: Ddt Vi Hoang, Pho Hdng Song, Tu cuai minh, Le xirang danh khoa Dinh Dau, Phu hong thi khoa Canh Ty..., ta thay rang, van xu6i thuc su da eo mat trong nhung dong tha ay de dinh vi chinh xac hoan canh cua nhSn vEtt trii tinh. Nhimg yeu to nay tren thue te da kim ham it nhieu tinh chat lang man, bay bong thudng thay ciia thi ca. The nhung nhimg cu lieu chan xac tren eiing dong thdi tao dung dugc niem tin eho ngudi dpc ve thu cam xiic co that bimg phat trSn cai loi su kien CO th^t.

Noi ve thdi gian, neu nhu cac nha tho trung dai cam nhan thdi gian cua cupc ddi con i^udi thudng ngin ngui, chong tan ddi lap vdi thdi gian vu tru tinh tai, bit bi8n co tinh chung chtmg thi Tii Xuang lai cam n h ^ vk thdi gian bing nhiing diu m6c cii t h i Ngoai ra, thdi gian trong tha ca trung dai con chiu su quy dinh cua quy luat cam thu toan ven, nhin moi su vdi toan bp qua trinh nhu sir tuin hoan eua thdi gian thien nhien qua ngay

74_L

T R L J G I N G B A I H D D THLI D D HA NOI dem. qua bdn miia, qua su s6ng. cai c h ^ . Vdi each cam nhan nhu vay, cac nha tho tnmg dai thudng co \ niem ly tudng hoa thdi c6 xua. Tii Xuang thi khac, thdi gian trong tho Tii Xuong la thdi gian hien tai. N§u co la qua khir thi do cung la qua khii rat gan thuc tai va d^

lam ro cho con ngudi hay su kien dang d thuc tai ma thoi. Ngay nhan de cua bai tho, tac gia da ghi diu lai khoang thdi gian cho cu tha do; Mdng hai tet viing co Ky, Hdng thi khoa Quy Mao. Li xirang danh khoa Dinh Ddu Trong bai tha, n l u do khong phai la mpt thin khic cu th8 thi cimg lim cung la dem qua, dem nay, xudn ndy, ngdy nay. hay thdi gian let gin vdi mpt su viec. con ngudi cu the dang dien ra.

Sdch den hoc tap ndm Minh Menh (Ong ldo) Tel nhdt ndm nay kheo thdt Id

(Sdm let) Dgo hoc ngdy nay chdn ldm rdi

(Than dgo hoc) Tien si khoa ndy dd mdy ngirdi

(Ong tien .sf mdi)

Tinh chat phong sir. dua tin cua cac bai tho con giiip ong phan anh duac dien bien ciia nhimg cau chuyen ngay khi no vira xay ra. Vi vay, ong khong hoai niem nhieu ve dt vang nhu chiing ta thudng thay trong tha ciia cac nha tho thdi trudc, Ngay trong bai tho co ten Vi Hoang boat cd ta ciing thay tac gia cam su bien doi hon la nhd tiec. Cai thdi hoang kim cua mpt viing dat "phong van, ddt nhieu quan" cht duoc dua ra de so sanh vdi nhiiiig doi thay ciia con ngudi. ciia canh vat hom nay. Vdi y nghia thdi gian do qua cac bai tho, Til xmmg da lam doi mdi quan niem \'e thdi gian trong tha trung dai.

Trai kiu xui khien sdng nen bdt Ai kheo xoay ra phd nira ldng Khua miia trdng chieng chiia vdn nirc Xi xeo torn lep cha hdu tan

(Vl Hoang hodi cd)

\ e khong gian. mo hinh khong gian nghe thuat ca ban trong tho trung dai la khong gian \ u tru trong do da lan luat xuit hien khong gian nhan lan an dat, khong gian hoang dai tieu dieu bien dich. khong gian luan lac. tha phuang... Thoat khoi tinh udc le truyen thong, tho Til Xuong khong hudng d^n \ u tru. khong dang cao viin vong... ma hudng nhirng dudng pho. nliimg .x6m co diu. nhimg mom song, nhtrng ngoi nha. cao lau... Tii Xuang

TAP CHI KHDA HDD - SD 5 / 2 0 1 6 || 75

hudng ngudi dpc tdi mpt khong gian mang tinh the su, khong gian cua ddi song thudng nhat hang ngay, noi do dien ra bao nhieu van de nho nhat cua cupc song ca nhan nha tho va nhirng ngudi xung quanh ong nhu: pho hang Song, xa Vi Xuyen, cha Rong...

Ophd hdng Song that ldm quan (Phd hdng Song) Ao mil dn ngoi xa Vi Xuyen

(()ng ldo) Chg Rong chg Ben dgo xa choi

(Thi cam rirou)

Mpt dieu khac biet nua la. neu khong gian trong tha co thudng tinh tai, thi ngudi ta lai thay trong khong gian trong tho Tu Xuong on ao. soi dpng. dong diic va ngon ngpn chat song ciia ddi song pho thi. Con ngudi trong tho ong vi the khong co ve thung dung, nhan tan i e chiem nghiem. tu lu kieu "mot manh linh rieng ta v&i la". Hp khong co thdi gian cho nhiing suy nghi rieng tu thi phai vi dang bi cuon vao guong quay hoi ha, hon dpn va cung khong kem phan bat an ctia cupc song dang trong giai doan thi dan boa

Am oe quan tncang mieng ihel loa

(Le xirang danh khoa Dinh Ddu) Khdch ndm ba ke bi bd noi

(Khen ngirdi hdng Sdt) Xi xeo Idm lep chg hdu lan

(Vi Hoimg hodi cd) Thdy khod lir Immg nhdp nhdm ngdi

(Than dao hoc)

Do thuc su !a khong gian cua ddi song tran tuc. Mpt kJiong gian nhon nhao. xo bo. am 1. chat chpl. ngpt ngat. Cai dang nhap nhom ngoi ciia thay khoa tai hien tu the bat an ciia ca mpt ldp ngudi ti-ong xa hpi song da\' ray nhiing tinh toan thuc dung cua nhung ke ham tien.

ham sac. Da\ diing la hien thuc ciia xa hpi thi dan Viet Nam cudi ihk ky XIX diu th^ k\

XX- Tii XuoTig liet ke ra 39 cai ten dia danh chi trong cai thanli Nam nho xiu cua tac gia co le ciing ngam the hien >' na\-. NhCrng cai ten- Nam Dinh. N\ Xu\cn. \'i Hoang. Hang Song.

Hang Nau. Hang Thao. pho Gia>. Trang Lac. Vien Lai. non Coi. song Vi. cha R6ng. chp B^n... da lam song lai mot thcri. lam tha ong nhu mot hire tranh sinli dpng mang hoi tho thdi k> ba: nliao A - Au lan Ion. cii mdi giao tranh? Ong da giai thieng tit ca nhirng gi thupc \ e \< luong. khuon ihudc mau muc de tra \ e diri sdng cai \ e neoai tran tuc nliu no

76 II T R U d N B OAI HOC THlIl B D HA NQI

v6n CO. Triin Thi Tram nhan xet: "Ong xung ddng Id nhd tha tiin phong vd cUng Id nhd tha tiiu biiu nhdt trong viic viit vi ngudi thuc, viec thuc, ong dd dua nghi thuat trd vi vol cudc song thirdng nhdt ciia con ngudi" [ I , tr. 369].

Cu6i cung, khi noi v l dac diem khong gian, thai gian trong tha Tii Xucmg, chiing toi xin mugn loi ctia giao su Nguyin H u i Chi lam y khai quat: "Tha Tii Xuang dd cd nhirng ddi moi vi khdng gian, thdi gian. Bd cdng chinh Id yeu to ldm cho tha ong mang ddm chdt tir su" [1, tr. 368]. Neu so sanh voi tha co dien ro rang khong gian trong tho Tii Xuong co syr d6i moi va each tan theo huong hiSn dai hoa rS rang. Day chinh la nhiing dong gop rit ion cua Tii Xuang tren con duong each tan tho truyen thong.

3 . K E T L U ^

Nhu vay, su tham gia cua y i u to ty su trong qua trinh sang tac da tao nen eho tha trao phiing Tii Xucmg mgt dien mao khac biet. M5i bai tha ong vilt d i u nhu mgt cau chuyen kl trong do cae nhan vat, su kien deu dugc khdc hoa cu t h i , ro rang. Tii Xuang da pha va nhttng khudn vang thuoc nggc thuoc v l tinh quy pham, chuin muc ctia van hgc trung dai de dua tha trao phiing tro ve g i n voi Men thvtc hon. N g l m lai trong van chuang, d l dugc luu truyin hau thi phai la cai gi do that tton tria, that luu loat, hoac la cai gi do that kho rap san sui. Cho nen, ehi'nh cai gigng trao long cimg vol sir each tan tao bao d6i voi tha treyin thong 1^ hap dan dgc gia, lam eho tho Tii Xuong tra thanh mgt hien tugng dac biet.

T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O Nhieu tac gia (2001), Trdn Te Xuang vi Idc gia, tdc phdm, Nxb Giao dgc.

Nhilu tac gia (1999), Tha Nom Tii Xuang, Nxb Hgi nha vSn Vi?t Nam.

3. Nguyen Lpc (1999), Vanhoc Viet Nam nira cudi thi ky XVIII - hit thi ky XTC'Hylo Qiia due.

4. Iran Nho Thin (2009), Van hoc u-ung tgi Viet Nam. Nxb Giao due Viet Nam.

T H E A U T O B I O G R A P H I C A L E L E M E N T S m E P I G R A M M A T I C P O E T R Y O F T R A N T E X U O N G Abstract: Skipping direct expression in poem facilitated the entry of autobiograpbictj elements Tran Te Xuong (another name: Tu Xuong) was one of the first poets who did such innovation in his works. Each of Us poems porpayed a real story, which in c'''>racter was named specifically Especially time and space in poems of Tu Xuong were also featured by time and space of prose.

Keywords: TuXuongpoet, autobiographical, epigrammaticpoeny.