NGHIEN cuu
Hop tac thmmg mai Viet - Trung trfen "Hai hanh lang, Mot vanh dai" : Co hoi va thach thuc
NguyM Bich Thiiy Dai hoc Thuong mai
Sang kidn xiy dung "Hai hanh lang, mdt vinh dai" duoc Viet Nam dua ra thang 5/2004, Uong chuydn thim Trung Qude ciia cd Thu tudng Phan Vin Khai. Dd li hai hanh lang kinh td "Cdn Minh - Lao Cai - Hi Ndi - Hai Ph6ng", hinh lang "Nam Ninh - Lang San • Ha Ndi - Hai Phdng" vi mdt "Vinh dai kinh te vinh Bie Bd". Diy la ni6t s ^ kidn hpp tic ed tinh lien vting va xuydn quoc gia, nhim tan dung va khai thie hidu q u i tidm nang vi loi th^ ciia eae dia phuang m i "Hai hinh lang mot vanh dai kinh te" di qua, ddng thdi phit huy vai Ud lan tda eiia no ddi viii cic dia phuong khae Uiudc Tiy Bic, Ddng Bic, dong bing Bic Bd Vidt Nam va vting Tiy Nam Trung Qu6c.
1. ThiTG tien va nhimg van de dat ra
Nha nghien cim Luu Tri ciia Tmng Qude timg md ta: "Md hinh niy gin vdi tam giic ting tnrdng, trong hai hinh Icing bd cue hinh chu "Y", vdi Cdn Minh, Nam Ninh, Quing Ninh li 3 diu, Hi Ndi la didm giao thoa.
Vinh dai vinh Bic Bd bao gdm toin mien Bic Viet Nam va 3 tinh ctia Tmng Qude la Quang Tiy, Quang Ddng, Hii Nam.Trong dd chu the ciia" hai hanh lang, mdt vanh dai" ddu thude khu vye ehua thyc su phat tridn, song deu ed uu the rieng, md hinh niy d i tao nen mit bing co chd de thu hiit nhidu hon cic yeu to sin xuit vi nguyen lieu tii ben thir 3.
Vinh dai kinh td Vinh Bae Bd thuc ehit la tuyen lien ket kinh te theo hinh vdng cung m i trpng tim hop tic Ii Vjnh Bie Bp. Cic tinh, thanh phd ciia Viet Nam v i Tmng Qud'c n i m xung quanh Vmh la nhimg chii the trye tiep tham gia hpp tie kinh te vi khai thie loi ieh kinh te ttr Vmh Bic Bp. Nhung hpp tic vanh dai kinh td khdng chi gidi ban d eac chii \hi true tiep ma kdo theo la su tham gia ciia cac tinh, thanh phd hai ben nim siu trong npi dia. Cu thd, hing hda xuit nhip khau Met - Tmng khdng chi gidi han d hang hda do eac tinh va thanh phd nim tren vinh dai Vinh Bie Bd sin xuat ra, m i nhieu khi phin Idn hang hda trao ddi giira hai ben lai do cac ti'nh va thanh phd ciia hai nude nim ngoii khu vue nay sin xuat. Hang hda vin chuyen qui canh giua hai ben theo eic tuyen Hii Phdng - Phdng Thanh, Hai Phdng - Tram Giang, Hai Phdng - Hii Khau... cung phin Idn phuc vu eho cac tinh n i m sau trong ndi dia ciia Tmng Qude. Bdi vay, vinh dai kinh td Vinh Bic Bp dupe hinh thinh se done vai trd quan trpng trong viec diy manh quan he hop tie thucmg mai Viet - Tmng.
Vanh dai kinh te Vjnh Bic Bd dupe xay dyng, ddns nghia vdi viec hinh thinh mdt khdng gian kinh td md chung CLia khu vyc duyen hii Vjnh Bie Bp d hai ben
bien gidi Viet - Tmng, tao didu kien thuan lai cho doanh nghidp hai nude trien khai bpp tic khai thcic l(;n ich kinh te bien nham xiy dyng vi phit tri^n vanh kinh te Vinh Bie Bd trd thanh diem sing mdi trong tang trudng vi phit trien quan hd hpp tic thum^ mgi giua hai nude. Do dd, vinh dai niy ddng vai tr6 quan trpng trong vide thiie diy hpp tic Uiuang mai (thuong mai hang hoi, thuong mai dich vu vi hpp tic dau lu) giira eie tinh vi thanh phd etia hai nude noi rifing, giua Viet Nam va Tmng Quoc ndi ehung. Vanh da khdng nhung cd the tao nen su lidn kdt kinh te giua mien Nam Tmng Qude vdi midn Bic vi mien Tnjng Viet Nam, nhim thiie diy sy phit tii^n ctia khu vyc nay, m i cdn ed tiid trd thanh eau ndi thiie diy hop tac thuong mai giua hai nude.
Hanh lang kinh td Cdn Minh - Lio Cai - Hi N6i - Hdi Phdng vi Quing Ninh v i Hinh lang kinh te Nam Ninh- Lang Son- Ha Ndi-Hai Phdng va Quing Ninh la mOt bO phin quan trpng trong chid'n lupe hpp tic kinh t^ cila hai qude gia Viet Nam va Tmng Qude.
Tren 02 tuyen hinh lang kinh te niy, Ipi th^ phat tridn thirong mai cila Vidt Nam d i duoc khing djnh, do li: lai tiie ve vi tri dja kinh td, lai thd cua mdt thj trudng gan thi tmdng Idn, Ipi thd thj tmdng trung chuyen giua hai khu vyc tbi trudng Idn Tmng Qu6c- ASEAN. Nhu viy, nhtrng loi ich thuong mai ma Vi^t Nam cd the khai thie duoc trong hai hanh lang kinh t^
khdng chi til viee tham gia tnrc tidp vao cac dong luu chuyen hang hda va dich vu, ma cdn ttr khi nang ph^t hien nhtrng nhu eau mdi cua bai thi tnrdng Trung Qude - ASEAN dd khai thae e i c loi thd ve san xu^t hang hda vi dieh vu, cung nhu thdng qua eic d6ng hang hda va dich vu ciia tuydn hinh lang ma ttwic ddy su phat trien thuong mai cua c i c khu vye ngoai tuy^";
Nhtrng Ipi ich thuong mai cua Vidt Nam dupe khai thae ttr hai tuydn hanh lang kinh te mdt mit se g6p
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l)hin vao ting tiirdng kinh te, thiic diy chuyen djch co ciu kinh td theo hudng xuit khiu cOa cie tinh/thinh phd tham gia ndi ridng vi eiia Vidt Nam ndi ehung, mit khic.giup c i e tinh midn niii Tiy Bic thue hidn xda ddi giim ngheo, phit tridn bdn vOng.
Nhung tic ddng tii bdn ngoii cung nhu su hinh thinh va md rpng vd khdng gian vi dmh hudng phit tridn kinh td - xa hdi ciia bai tuydn binh lang kinh td trong giai doan tdi dit ra nhtrng y^u ciu phit trien mdi vd sd luong, chat lugng dich vu cOa nganh thuong mai ciing nhuvd co cau, qui md, phuong Uiiie kinh doanh, hinh dp td chiic v i phin bd hii hoi, trit tu ciia cic loai hinh td ehiie thuong mai, ciia cie he thdng phan phdi hang hoi, ciia cic khdng gian thi trudng va kdt eiu ha ting eiia nginh thuong mai trong mdi quan hd chit che giiia cic tinh/thinh phd trong v i ngoii tuyen hanh lang kinh td.
Nhu vay, ed rit nhidu didu kidn v i ydu td mdi dang va se tie ddng ddn sy phit trien cua thuong mai trdn 02 tuydn hinh lang kinh td, gin lien mit thiet vdi sy phit trien cua vung Kinh te Upng diem Bac Bd v i c i vimg Tmng du midn nui Bic Bp.
2. Thuan Iffi va kho khan trong hov tac phat trien thuong mai tren "Hai hanli lang, Mot vanh dai"
2.1. Thuin loi va co hdi:
- Nhimg nam gin diy, ndn kinh te hai nude Tmng - Vidt ndi chung vi eie tinh thuydc tuydn hanh lang ndi ridng phit tridn nhanh ehdng, eung ciu hing hda vi djeh vg tren thi trudng khdng ngung dupe md rdng, dat CO sd tdt eho quan hd hpp tic kinh td thuong mai.
- Hai nude Vidt - Tmng ed tmydn thdng hiiu nghj ttr liu ddi vi khdng ngimg phit trien. Cie doanh nghidp vi eu din ben gidi thudng xuyen cd quan bd tiiuong mai, budn bin, li ddi tic vi li ban hang tin ciy cua nhau.
- He thdng phin phdi bing h o i Udn 02 tuyen hinh lang da ed bude phat trien. He thdng phan phdi c i c loai hing hoi thude Uid manh ciia cie tinh bude d i u da dupe dinh hinh vdi su tham gia ddng d i o ciia c i e loai hinh thucmg nhan thude mpi thinh phin kinh td.
Mang ludi kinh doanh thucmg mai tidp tye dupe md rdng tren c i ba cip dp cua cac thanh phd, thi xi, thi trin va ndng thdn. Td cbiic vi phuang thirc kinh doanh, phuang thiie mua bin ngay cing ddi mdi, phong phu vi linh boat hon nhu dai ly, tiy thae, tri gdp, tri ehim...
- Hoat ddng xuit khau eiia eae tinh cd nhieu ehuyen bidn tdt, kim ngach xuit khiu ting lidn tuc va cd tdc dp ting binh quin nim kha eao. Sin phim xuit khiu qua chd bidn, cd him lupng edng nghd va gii tri tang them eao hon so vdi nhung nim trudc. Qui md sin xuit hing xuit khiu ciia cie doanh nghiep dupe diu tu md rdng. Di xuat hien mdt sd nhi miy che bidn hing xuit khiu cd qui md Idn vi thiet bi hidn dai dupe xiy dung vi di vao boat ddng.
Vide nhip khiu tip tiung eho phit trien sin xuat va phyc vy ddi sdng nhan din ddi vdi nhimg m$t bang thidt yeu. Hing nhip khau qua eie n i m chu ydu Ii miy mdc, trang thiet bi, nguydn, phy lieu phye vu sin xuit hing xuit khiu.
- He thdng td chiie kinh doanh Uiuong mai d i bude d i u hinh tbinh va md rdng, phit trien theo hudng ehuydn nghidp vi tien bd, die bidt la cd sy phit tiidn manh md ctia eac ea sd ban le hidn dai trdn dia ban cic tinh. Ngudn vdn xa bdi tham gia vao boat ddng thuong mai tang nhanh, sd lupng ngudi tham gia boat ddng thuong mai ngay cang ddng dio.
2.2. Kho khan va thach thiic:
- Co sd ba ting chua diy du vi ddng bp-Cho den nay didu kidn ha ting giao thdng ndi lidn eic tinh, thinh phd tren tuyen hinh lang vin cdn nhieu khd khin,diy l i mdt trong nhimg ydu td ban ehd su phit trien kinh te, thuong mai va diu tu trdn dpc tuyen hanh lang kinh td.Cic dieu kidn co sd ha tang tai cac ciia kbiu chua diy du vi ddng bd ndn khdng dap img mdt cieh tdt nhit nhu ciu van chuyen, luu giii, bao quan va tieu thy hang hda tai khu vuc etra khiu.
- Quan hd hpp tic kinh te ehua tuang ximg vdi tidm ning san ed vi nd lyc ciia hai phia. Hop tic kinh td chua di vao chieu sau, mdi khai thie dupe loi the sin cd. Hop tie kinh td nhung thye ehit hpp tic thuong mai li chii yeu.
- Viet Nam chua tin dyng dupe co hdi de khai thae Ipi the ve dia kinh td, tii dd phit tridn cic linh vyc it bi canh tranh ban nhu du lich, van tai qui cinh, kinh te bidn. Cic dich vu logistic vdn li tiie manh ciia Vidt Nam nhd vj tri dja ly ehua dupe khai thae diing miie.
- Vidt Nam chua khai thae td't co hdi hop tie vdi Tmng Qud'c tu eie Hiep dinh thuong mai khu vye vi da phuong.
- Khung khd phap ly cho hpp tic ngay eing hoan thidn nhung van edn mdt sd vudng m i c cin thio gd nhu thu tuc thdng quan, quy dinh vd kiem tra chit lupng hang hda xuit nhip khiu, cie vin de ve thanh toin, uu dii diu tu...
3. Giai phap cho thvi gian toi
Thyc thi chidn lupc "Vanh dai, Con dudng" ehic chin se gdp pban tao lap ndn ting cho viee duy tri ti Id ting tm-vdng kinh te eao,chuyen ddi eo eiu vi phat trign x i hpi d nhidu (nhu-ng khdng phii tit ca) qude gia tham gia vao sing kien niy. Nhin chung, xuit phit tir vi tri dia ly, sy phit trien kinh td trong nhtrng nim vira qua, cd thd dy b i o : Vdi y tudng " Vanh dai, Con dudng", cie quan he trao ddi kinh te se ting Idn theo thdi gian va tidm lyc kinh td.
Trong thdi gian tdi.ean chii trpng :
- Phat huy Ipi the so sinh de dn dmh vi phat tridn thupng mai.thi tnrdng theo hudng hda nhip vdi thi
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NGHIEN CUU
RES£.\RCH
trudng khu vyc , hdi nhip vdi thi trudng qude te, thi trudng Tiy Nam — Trung Qud'c.
- Xuit phit tii vi tri dia ly thuin loi nen cin chii Upng vio vide phit tridn thi trudng viing bidn gidi Ud thinh thi tiudng trung chuydn.Tip trung chii yeu vao viee thu gom vi ehe bidn hang xuit khiu nhu: tam nhip — tii xuit, chuydn kbiu, qui cinh v i cie dich vy phyc vy boat ddng xuat — nhap khiu nhu thdng tin thuong mai, hdi cha tridn lam hing hda, vin phdng giao dich, khich san...
- Uu tien d i u tu tap tmng cho he thdng ha tang co sd khu vyc cira khiu phuc vy trye tidp cho thirong mai, djch vu, du lich, nhir dudng giao Uidng, didn, nude, trung tam thucmg mai, chp, kho hang, trudng hoc, benh vien, Uam y td. Cd cic chinh sich thu hiit cic ngudn vdn d i u tu phit tridn cho khu kinh td ciia khiu, nhit la ngudn vdn trong din eu, vdn ciia cie nha diu tu Uong vi ngoii nude nhim xiy dung va phit tiidn eic khu KTCK Ud Uianh Uung tam thuong mai, dieh vy, du lich ciia Vting, dau mdi quan Upng cua tuyen binh lang kinh td.
- Tiep tyc eii tien cic thii tuc hinh ehinh tai cie eiia khiu, nit ngin thdi gian thdng quan, tao thuan Ipi cho ngudi, phuong tidn, hang hda van ehuydn qua bien gidi nhim thu hiit du khich vi nbi dau tu.
- Phit tridn vi lien kdt boat ddng vdi eic khu kinh te md, khu thuong mai ty do, khu cdng nghiep, khu che xuit... eiing vdi he thdng giao thdng ddng bd ndi lidn cic cang, sin bay, ga dudng sit, ben xe... vdi vting hau phuong. Bdn canh dd, can cd cic chinh sich, co chd d cap vi md dd hd Up, didu tiet vi quin ly phii hpp, nhim tao thuin Ipi cho cie doanh nghiep Uong he thdng khai thie hieu qui tidm ning kinh td bidn cua Hii Phdng vi Quing Ninh ndi rieng vi Iinh vye eang bien Uong c i nude.
- Cic tinh Uen tuyen hanh lang can khai thie mot cieh tridt de va hcrp ly loi thd ve vi tri dia ly de quy hoach xiy dung he thdng ket eiu ha ting thuong mai dong bp va bien dai nhu tmng tam tmng ehuyen va kho van, tmng tam bin budn, ehp ban budn, eic tmng tim mua sim.... cung nhu he thd'ng dieh vy phu trp nhim hd Up tdi da hoat ddng luu chuyen bing hda Uong tuyen vi qua tuydn. Die bidt la d eic diem dau, eud'i eung nhu e i e diem tmng ehuyen quan trpng ciia tuyen hinh lang kinh td.
4. Kien nghj
- Cac doanh nghiep can ehti ddng md rdng cic binh thiie boat ddng kinh doanh nhu tam nhip tii xuat, ehuyen khiu, luu kho ngoai quan, ting cudng khi ning thim nhip thi trudng.Ddng thdi ein sdm chuin bi c i c dieu kien dd gia ting boat ddng d cac khu kinh te cira khau.
-Thidt lip c i e kdnh phin phdi nham vuon tdi nhung khu vuc thi tiirdng nim sau Uong linh thd
Tmng Qude .Thim nhip kenh phin phdi b i n budn tiidng qua vide thidt lip cdng ty lidn doanh vdi doanh nghiep Tmng Qude. Thim nhip thi trudng Tmng Qude qua kgnh phin phdi ban Id.
- Ri soit lai nbiing Hiep dinh giua hai bdn dd ed nbiing dieu chinh phu hpp cung nhu ning cao tinh hidu luc ciia cac didu khoan d i cam kdt;
- Dieu ehinh va bd sung cac chinh sach giiia Viet Nam v i Tmng Qude Uieo hudng tao co chd md hon nira cho hoat ddng thucmg mai U6n c i e hinh lang;
- Hoan thidn chinh sich Uiue,h6 up ba ting ky tbuit,tao mdi trudng thuin Ipi cho thuong mai v i dau tu nhu CO ehe xuit, nhip cinh; ap dyng ehinh sach uu dii tai chinh ddi vdi viing kinh td ciia khau; eii thien he thdng thanh toin, tang cudng sy phdi hap trao ddi dinh ky cic bidn phip quin ly vi giim sit budn bin bien gidi.
- Quy hoach hd thdng kho bii tip kdt, bao quin hing hda, nhat l i hd thdng kho Ianh vdi dung lupng Idn dd d i m b i o cho vide b i o quin hing ndng sintucri tai cac etra khiu Idn dd giiip doanh nghiep xuat khiu cd didu kidn tap ket ngudn hing v i b i o quin chat lupng khi xuit Idiau sang Tmng Qude.
- Phit huy vai trd c i c hiep hpi nganh hing Uong viec td chiic qui trinh phin cdng vi hpp tic giiia cie doanh ngiiidp, thucmg nhin cung nginh hang nhim phit trien quan he thuemg mai gitra Viet Nam vdi Tmng Qudc-
- Md rdng v i ning cao ning luc boat ddng eua Didn din doanh nghidp Viet - Tmng dd Didn din niy thuc sy l i ciu ndi htru hidu cho doanh nghidp hai nude, d i e biet la eic doanh nghiep xuat khiu.
Phat trien, md rdng hpp tic quan he kinh td, thuong mai Vidt - Tmng — mdt dinh hudng chidn lupc Uong the ky 21, cd the ndi dd chinh la " kim ehi neim"
de Viet Nam cd thd nit ngin eon dudng phat tridn cua minh ma lieh sii the gidi phii Uii qua hing Uam nim mdi cd. Diy ciing cd thd xem l i "Idi md" hap quy luat ddi vdi Viet Nam trong bdi cinh hien nay./.
Tai lieu tham khao
Nguydn Qude Trudng (2014). "Hpp tic kinh te Vinh Bic Bd md rdng: Chang dudng da qua, tiiuan Ipi mdi, khd khin mdi". Tap chi Nghidn ciiu Tmng Qude, sd 3.
Han Khang (2007), Khu kinh te Vinh Bie Bd - Cue ting tiudng Uiu tu eua Tmng Qude, Nxb Kinh td then bao Tmng Qud'c, Bie Kinh.
- Nguyen Vin Lich: Hai hanh lang va mdt vinh dai kinh te • Tu y tudng ddn hi e n thyc.
(http://wvvw.tapcbieongsan.org.vn/show_content.pl) - Trin Dinh Thidn (2006): Gii til chien lupc eua
"Hai hanh lang mdt vinh dai" kinh td Viet - Tmng.
Nghien ciiu Tmng Qude, sd 2.
