TRUONG VIET NAM V0I CAC NlTfiC TIT BAN CHU NGHIA

01 TIM "Cdl NGUON" SIT KHAC NHAU GlOA THE CHE KINH T I TH| TRUONG VIET NAM V0I CAC NlTfiC TIT BAN CHU NGHIA

Bili Van Can TrUcing Dai hoc Kinh doanh vd Cong nghe Hd noi

Bui Minh Diic Trudng Dai hoc Tdi chinh ~ Qudn tri Icinh doanh Ngiiy nhan bai: 14/10/2019

Ngiy nhta bai sfla: 26/10/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 22/11/2019

Tom tdt: Kinh tethi trudng (KTTT) la Ihdnh tuu ciia vdn minh nhdn loat KTITiinh hudng xd hoi chu nghia (XHCN) la mot mo hinh Mnh id mdi cua Viet nam do Ddng Cong sdn Viet Nam thidt kd Muoi ndm trudc day khi ndi KTTT dinh hudng XHCN c6 y kien cho rdng: Bd li sif "bdo thd " Id "cd linh niu keo "cua Ddng cgng sdn cdm quyen. Vi Km vd CNXH Id hai dudng thdng song song khong the gap nhau. Thuc tidn vd ly ludn ddn nay cd thd khdng dinh pham trd KTTT dinh hudng XHCN id mgt pham tru kinh id rdt khoa hoc, cd idm tu tudng vuat th&i dai cua Ddng la.

Tit khoa: The che kinh id thi trudng. The che kinh tethi trucmg dinh hudng xd hgi chd nghta.

FIND THE "ORIGIN" DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAMS MARKET ECONOMY MECHANISM WITH CAPITALISM COUNTRIES Abstract: Market economy is Ihe achievement of human civilization. The socialist-oriented market economy is a new economic model of Vietnam designed by the Communist Party of Vietnam. Ten years ago, when talking about socialist-oriented economy, there was an opinion that it was "conservative " by Ihe ruling Communist Party. Because market economy and socialism are two parallel lines that can not meet each other. Practical and theoretical evidence so far can affirm the category Socialist-oriented market economy that is a very scientific economic category. Thinking beyond the era of our Party.

Key words: market economy mechanism, socialist-oriented market economy mechanism

Gidi thigu:

Kinh t^ thi trddng la thanh dlu cda van minh nhan loai, la ket qua phat trien lau dai cua qua tnnh td chdc sSn xuSi ciia xa hoi, phu hdp vdi sd phat Men cua Idc Iddng san xuat. San xuat cia xa hoi loai ngddi da di td thap den cao:

TO san xuat td cap td die den kinh tS' hang jioa gian ddn, rSi sati xuat hang hda Mn; kinh te thi nalSng va KTTT hign dai ngay nay. KTTT dinh hddng XHCN la mot mo hinh kinh te mdi^ cila Vi6t Nam do Ding Cong san Viet Nam thi6 ke.

La sd ddng gdp Mn vao kho tang li luan kinh te cua nhan loai. Mddi niim trddc day khindi KTIT dinh hddng XHCN cd y kiin cho riSng:

So 16 thang 12 nam 2019 28

Dd la sd "bao thu'Ua "cd tinh niu keo" cia Dang cpng san cSm quyen. Vi KTTT va CNXH la hai dddng thang song song khdng die gap nhau Da lii KTTT thi khong cd CNXH. Thuc din va ly luSn den nay co the khang dinh pham trii KTTT dinh hddng XHCN la mot pham trd Idnh te rat khoa hpc, cd tam td tudng vuot tiidi Jai cua DJng ta. Xin dddc biit dau ttt ly lua„ co ban vS KTTT, cd che KTTT, thg' che KTIT.

1. Kinh te thi tmimg, co che kinh tf thi trudng KTTT la kinh t«hiing hda da phat tri& J „:,:

dpan cao. Theo C. Mac kinh tJhimg hda " r?

dda trgn hai dieu kien: Su phan cong lao ^-^ ~ hpi vii chi dij td hdu ve dl Ua san xua't. KTrr

Tai chfnh-Quan tri kinh d„a„^

van dpng theo nhdng quy luat vdn cd cua kinh te thi trddng de ti:d ldi: San xuat cai gi? San xua't nhit the ndo? Sdn xuat cho ai? Nhiing qui luat cd bdn cua kinh te thi trddng nhd: quy luat gid tri; quy luat canh ti-anh; quy luat cung- cau v..v.

Quy ludt gid tri la quy luat kinh te can bdn cua san xud^t vd trao doi hang hda. Quy ludt gid tii yeu can viSc sdn xud't va trao d6i hdng hda phdi dda tren cd sd gia tii (tdc Id thdi gian lao ddng xa hdi can thiet). Sd boat dpng cua quy luat gia tri ddn den ba tac ddng: Dieu tie't sdn xudt vd Idu thong hdng hda; Kich thich Idc Iddng san xud't vd khoa hpc phdt trien; Binh tuyen cai tich cdc dao thai cai yeu kem, lac hau, phan hda giau, ngheo nong xa hpi. Quy luat canh tranh la quy luat kinh te dieu tiet mdt cdch khach quan mdi quan he ganh dua kinh te gida cac chu the trong san xuat va trao doi hang hda. Khi tham gia thi trddng, cdc chu thi sdn xuat, kinh doanh vda hpp tac vi£a canh tranh vdi nhau. Canh tranh la sd ganh dua gii3a nhdng chii the kinh te vdi nhau nham cd i£u the trong sdn xua't cung nha tieu thu, thdng qua do ma thu ldi nhuan tdi da. Quy ludt cung - cau la quy ludt kinh td diiu tiet quan he gida Cung (ben ban) va Can (ben mua ). Quy luat nay ddi hdi Cung - Cdu phdi cd sa thdng nhat. NS'u khong cd sd thdng nhat gida chung thi se cd cac nhdn td xuat hiSn dieu chinh chdng. Tren thi tradng Cung - Cau cd mdi quan hS hflu cd vdi nhau, thddng xuyen tac ddng vdi nhau va dnh hddng trdc tie'p ddn gia cd. XuySn sudt cua cac quy luat cua kinh te thi tnidng la pham tru gia cd. Gid cd thi tnrdng Id bieu hien bang tien cua gia tri thi tnrdng cua hang hda. Trong nin kinh te hdng hda, cd bao nhieu chu the san xuat hang boa thi cd bay nhiSu gia tri cd biet khac nhau. Gid tri ca biet do trinh dp tay nghe, tnnh dp qudn Iy, trinh dp ky thuat vd cdc diiu kiSn khac chi phd'i. Vi vay khi trao ddi hang hda tren thi trddng ngddi ta khdng the can cd vdo gid tri ca biet md phdi can cd vdo gia tri xa hdi. Gia tri xa hpi cua hang hoa la do thdi gian lao ddng xd hpi can thiit tao nen. Thddc do gid tri xa hpi ciia hang hda la thdi gian lao ddng xa hdi can thiet. Khi cd mdt hang hda ddc biet tach ra khdi the gidi hang hda dong vai trd thifdc do gid tri chung cho thd gidi hang hda dddc gpi la TEN. Vay gid cd la bieu hien bang tien cua gid tri hdng hda tren thi trddng.

Do vay cac quy luat ciia KTTT deu biiu hien sU boat dpng cua minh qua gia ca thi trddng. Nhd

sd van ddng cua gid cd tiii trddng ma diin ra sd thi'ch dng mpt each tij phat gida khdi Iddng va cd ca'u cua san xuat (tdng Cung) vdi khdi ttfdng va cd cdu nhu cau cua xa hdi (tong Cau).

Cd chd thi tiidng (CCTT) Id cd che td dieu tiet cua nen kinh te' thi trddng do sit tdc ddng ciia cdc quy luat vdn cd cua nd. Ndi mdt each cu thi hdn, cd chd thi trddng la he thd'ng biiu cd ciia sif thi'ch dng Idn nhau, tU diiu liS't Idn nhau cua cac yeu td gia cd, cung- cau, canh tranh...

tide tiep phat huy tac dung tren thi trddng, de dieu tiet nen kinh te tren thi trddng. Cd che' thi trddng la bd mdy tinh vi di phdi hpp mpt each khdng td gidc hoat dpng cua ngddi tieu dung vdi cdc nha san xuat. Co che thi trddng td phat sinh, phat trien cung vdl sd phdt trien cua KTTT. O dau cd sdn xudt va trao ddi hang hda thi d do cd thi trddng va do do cd cd chd thi trddng hoat ddng. Tin hieu cua cd che thi tnidng Id gid cd thi tnidng. Gid cd thi tnidng cd chdc nang sau:

a. Chiic ndng thong tin: Nhdng thdng tin vi gid ca thi tnidng gidp cho ngddi san xuat biet dddc tinh hinh sdn xudt, biet dddc tddng quan Cung - Can, biet dilpc khan hie'm ddi vdi cdc loai hang hda. Nhd dd cac chu the kinh tS'cd Hen quan ra dddc nhdng quyet dinh san xuat thi'ch hpp. Nhd vdy tiidng tin ve gia cd diiu tiet hddng sdn xuat va quy md san xudt. Td dd diiu chinh cd ca'u sdn xua't hang hda cho phu hdp vdi nhu cau cua thi ti-ddng

b. Chdc ndng phdn bdcdc nguon lUc kinh td:

Sif bie'n dpng cua gia cd se din de'n sil bien ddng cua Cung - Cau, san xua't va tiSu diing, ddn den sd bien doi trong phan bd cac ngudn Iitc kinh ti.

Nhdng ngddi san xuat se chuyen vdn td ndi cd gid cd tha'p, idi nhudn thap vi ndi cd gia cd hdng hda cao de thu ldi nhudn cao. Tdc Id nguon Idc se dddc chuyin den ndi ma chung dddc sd dung vdi hieu qud cao nha't, td do cdn doi tong Cung va tong Cau.

c. Chdc ndng thuc day tien bd ky thudt: De cd the canh ti-anh dddc ve gid ca, ngddi sdn xud't budc phai giam chi phi, gidm gia tn ca biSt den mdc tdi thieu bang each ap dung ky thuat vd cdng nghe tien tien vao san xua't. Do do thuc day ditdc sil tien bd cua ky thuat cdng nghe va sd phat trien cua lac Iddng san xua't.

Qua sd phan tfch tren ta thay, cd che thi tnidng boat ddng la khach quan. Id cdu canh cho sd phat Sd~16.l .thaH£^2 nam 2019 29 Tai chinh - Quan tri kinh doanh

01 TIM "cdl NGUON" SIT KHAC NHAU GlffA THE CHE KINH TE THj TRU0NG VIET NAM V0I CAC NlfOC TUf BAN CHA N G H I A

Biii Van Can Trudng Dai hgc Kinh doanh vd Cong nghe Hd ngi Bui Minh DiJc Trudng Dai hgc Tdi chtnh - QuAn tri kinh doanh Ngay nhta bai: 14/10/2019

Ngiy nhta bai sda: 26/10/2019 Ng^y duygt dang: 22/11/2019

Tom tdt: Kinh tethi trudng (KTTT) Id thdnh tuu cua van minh nhdn loai KTTT dinh hudng xd hgi chu nghia (XHCN) Id mgt md hinh kinh temdi cia Viet nam do Ddng Cdng sdn Viit Nam thiet kd Muoi ndm trudc ddy khi ndi KTTT dinh huOng XHCN cd f kien cho rdng: Dd Id su "bdo thd " Id "cd linh niu keo "ciia Ddng cgng sdn cdm quyen. Vi KTTT vd CNXH Id hai dudng thing song song khdng the gap nhau. Thuc lidn vd ly ludn ddn nay cd the khdng dinh pham trd KTIT dinh hudng XHCN Id mdt pham trd kinh terdl khoa hoc, cd tdm tu utdng vuat thai dai cda Ddng ta.

Titkhda: Thechdkinh id thi trudng, Thechdkinh tethi trudng dinh hudng xd hoi chii nghia.

FIND THE "ORIGIN" DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VIETNAMS MARKET ECONOMY MECHANISM WITH CAPITALISM COUNTRIES

Abstract: Market economy is the achievement of human civilization. The socialist-oriented market economy is a new economic model of Vietnam designed by the Communist Party of Vietnam. Ten years ago, when talking about socialist-oriented economy, there was an opinion that it was "conservative " by the ruling Communist Party. Because market economy and socialism are two parallel lines that can not meet each other. Practical and theoretical evidence so far can affirm the category Socialist-oriented market economy that is a very scientific economic category. Thinking beyond the era of our Party.

Key words: market economy mechanism, socialist-oriented market economy mechanism Gidi thieu:

Kinh te thi trddng la thiinh tdu cua van minh nhta loai, lit kg't quit phat trien lau dai ciia qua trinh to chdc san xuat cua xa hoi, phd hdp vdi sU phdt trien cua Idc Iddng sta xu^t. San xuiit cda xa hoi loai ngddi dii di td thiip den cao:

Ttt sta xuat td cap td tdc de'n kinh te hang hda gian ddn, roi san xuiit hang hda Idn; kinh Ie' thi tnidng va KTTT hien dai ngay nay. KTTT dinh hddng XHCN la mot mo hinh kinh te mdi cua Vigt Nam do Ding Cpng san Viet Nam thie't kg'.

La sd ddng gdp Idn vao kho tang ly luan kinh te cia nhan loai. Mddi nam trddc day khi noi KTTT dinh hddng XHCN cd y kien cho ring:

Do Ik sd "bio Ihd" la "co' tinh niu keo" cua Dang cpng sin cam quyen. Vi KTTT va CNXH la hai dddng thang song song khong the gap nhau. Da la KTTT thi khdng cdCNXH. Thdc liSn va ly luta dg'n nay cd the khang dinh pham tru KTTT dinh hddng XHCN la mpt pham tru kinh tg' rat khpa hpc, cd tarn tu Iddng vupl thdi dai cua Dang ta. Xin dupc bat dau ttt ly luan cd ban ve KTTT, cd chg' KTTT, Ih^ chg' KTTT.

1. Kinh tl^thi trUdng, cd che kinh te thi trudng KTTT la kinh tg' hiing hda da phat triin d giai doan cao. Theo C. Mac kinh te' hang hda ra ddi dda tren hai dieu kien: SU phan cong lao dpng xa hpi va che dp td hdu ve td lieu san xuitt KTTT So 16 thang 12 nam 2019 28 Tai chinh • Quan tri kinh doan

vSn ddiig theo nhiing quy ludt vdn cd ciia kinh tilhi Oildng di tii ldi: Sdn xuat cdi gi? San xuat nhil thi nao? Sdn xud't cho ai? Nhiing qui ludt cd ban cua kmh te thi Uildng nhd: quy ludt gid tri; quy ludt canh tranh; quy luat cung- cau v..v.

Quy luat gid tri Id quy ludt kinh te' can ban cua sdn xud't va tiao doi hang hda. Quy luat gid tii ygu cau viec sdn xuat va ttao doi hang hda phdi dua trSn cd sd gia tii (tdc la thdi gian lao ddng xahpi can thiet). Sii boat ddng cfia quy ludt gid tri ddn den ba tdc ddng: Dieu tie't sdn xua't va Idu thong hang hda; Kich thich Idc Iddng san xuat va khoa hpc phdt trien; Binh tuyen cai tich cdc dao thdi cai yeu kem, lac hdu, phdn hda giau, nghSo trong xa hpi. Quy ludt canh ttanh la quy luat kinh te dieu tiit mpt each khdch quan mdi quan he ganh dua kinh te giiia cac chii the trong san xuat vd ttao ddi hang hda, Khi tham gia thi tnidng, cac chu the san xuat, kinh doanh viia hdp tdc vda canh tranh vdi nhau. Canh ttanh la sa ganh dua giQa nhQng chu thi kinh td vdi nhau nham cd du the trong sdn xuat cung nhd tieu thu, thdng qua do ma thu Idi nhuan tdi da. Quy luat cung - cau la quy luat kinh te dieu tiet quan hS giiia Cung (ben ban) va Cdu (bSn mua ). Quy luat ndy ddi hdi Cung - Cdu phdi cd sd thdng nha't. Neu khdng CO sd thdng nhat giiia chung tbi se cd cac nhan to xuat hiSn dieu cbinh chung. TrSn thi tnidng Cung - Cdu cd mdi quan he hiiu cd vdi nhau, thildng xuyen tdc ddng vdi nhau va dnh hddng tnic tiep den gid cd. Xuyen sudt cda cac quy luat ciia kinh te thi tiildng la pham tiij gid ca. Gid cd thi tnidng la biiu hien bang tien cua gia tri thi tnidng ciia hang hda. Trong nen kinh te hang h6a, cd bao nhiSu chu the sdn xudt hang hda thi c6 bay nhigu gid tii ca biSt khde nhau. Gia tn cd biit do tiinh dp tay nghe, tiinh dd qudn ly, tnnh do ky thuat va cdc dieu kiSn khde chi phdi. Vi vdy khi trao ddi hang hda tren thi trddng ngddi ta khdng tiii can cd vdo gia tti ca biet ma phdi can cd vao gia tii xa hdi. Gid tii xd hdi cua bang hda la do thdi gian lao ddng xa hdi can thie't tao nen. Thddc do gia tti xa hpi cua hang hda la thdi gian lao ddng xa hdi can tiiiet. Khi cd mdt hdng hda dac biet tdch ra khdi thd gidi hdng hda ddng vai tro thddc do gid tri chung cho the gidi hang hda dddc gpi Id TIEN. Vay gid cd Id biiu hien bang tien ciia gia tri hang hda tien thi tiiidng.

Do vdy cac quy luat cua KTTT deu bieu hien sii hoat ddng ciia minh qua gia ca thi trddng. Nhd

sd van ddng cua gid cd tbi trddng ma dien ra sd thich dng mdt each ta phat gida khdi lapng va cd can cua sdn xuat (tong Cung) vdi khdi Iddng vd cd ca'u nhu can cua xa hdi (tong Can).

Cd chd thi tiildng (CCTT) la cd che tit dieu tiet cua nen kinh tS' thi tnidng do sii tdc dpng cua cac quy ludt vdn cd cua nd. Ndi mdt each cu thi hdn, cd che thi tnidng la he tiidng hOu cd cua sd thi'ch dng Idn nhau, td diiu tiS't Idn nhau cua cac yen td gia cd, cung- cau, canh tranb...

tnic tie'p phdt huy tac dung trSn Uii tnidng, de diiu tiS't nen kinh td tten thi trddng. Cd che thi tnidng Id bd mdy tinh vi de phdi hdp mdt each khdng td giac boat ddng cua ngddi tieu diing vdi cdc nha san xuat. Cd che thi trddng td phdt sinh, phat trien ciing vdi sd phat trien cua KTTT. CJ ddu cd san xua't va trao doi hang hda thi d do cd thi trddng vd do dd cd cd chd thi tnidng boat ddng. Tfn hieu ciia cd che thi tradng la gia ca thi tmdng. Gia cd thi ti:ildng cd chdc nang sau:

a. Chdc ndng thdng lin: Nhiing thdng tin vi gid ca thi tnidng giup cho ngddi san xudt biet dddc tinh hinh sdn xud't, biet ditdc tiidng quan Cung - Cau, bie't dddc khan hiem ddi vdi cac Ioai hang hda. Nhd dd cac chu the kinh te cd lien quan ra dapc nhiing quye't dinh san xudt thi'ch hdp. Nhd vay thdng tin ve gia ca dieu tie't hddng san xua't va quy md san xudt. Tit do dieu chinh cd ca'u san xuat hang hda cho phii hpp vdi nhu can cda thi tnidng

b. Chdc ndng phdn bdcdc nguon luc kinh td:

Sa bidn dong cua gia ca se ddn den sd bien ddng cua Cung - Can, sdn xuat va tieu dung, ddn den sa bidn doi ttong phan bd cac ngudn Idc kinh te.

Nhiing ngddi sdn xuat se chuyen vdn til ndi cd gia cd thd'p, Idi nhudn thap vi ndi cd gid cd hang hda cao de thu Idi nhudn cao. Tdc la nguon Idc se dddc cbuyen de'n ndi ma chung dapc sd dung vdi hieu qua cao nhat, td do cdn ddi t6ng Cung va tong Can.

c. Chdc ndng thuc day tien bo ky thuat: De cd the canh ttanh dddc ve gia cd, ngadi san xuat budc phdi gidm chi phi, giam gid tri cd biet den mdc tdi thiiu bdng each dp dung ky thudt vd cdng nghe tidn tie'n vao san xua't. Do dd thuc day dapc sil tien bd cua ky thuat cdng nghe va sd phat tiiin cua Idc ladng sdn xua't.

Qua sd phdn tfch tren ta thay, cd che thj tnidng boat ddng la khach quan, la cdu canh cho sd phdt S^16 thang 12 nam 2019 29 Tai chinh - Qu^n tri kinh doanh

tiien cja mpi nen kinh td, ttd tiidnh phddng tiidc thuc day van minh va tidn bd xa hdi, la cd chd td't nhat dieu tiet nen sdn xuat xa hdi.

Tuy vdy, cO che lanh tdthi trudng ciing cd nhieu khuyet tat von co do la:

Cd che thi tnidng chi tiie hien day du khi cd sd kiem soat ciia canh ttanh hodn hdo. Khi xud't hiSn canh ttanh khong hoan hdo tiii hieu lilc cua cd chd till tnidng bi giam. Khi xud't hien ddc quyen cac to chdc ddc quyen cd the thao tung thi trddng, gid ca... kim ham sd phat trien cua sdn xuat.

Muc dich boat ddng cdc doanh nghiep la ldi nhudn tdi da. Vi vay hp s5n sang lam dung tai nguyen cua xa hdi, gay d nhiim mdi ttddng sdng ciia con ngadi. Do do hieu qua toan dien kinh tS'- xa hdi khdng cao.

Phdn phdi thu nhdp khdng cdng bang, cd nhihig muc tieu xa hdi dii cd che thi tradng cd boat ddng ttdi chdy cung khdng the dat dddc.

Sd tac ddng cua cd che thi trddng se ddn de'n sd phdn hda giau, ngheo. Sd phdn hda giau ngheo qud dang se ddn den nhflng he luy xdu cho xa hdi nhd: Dao ddc xudng cap, tlnh ngddi tha hda, te nan xd hdi, gian ddi, chien ttanh v.v..

Mpt nen kinh td do cd che tiii ttildng diiu tidt thuan tuy khd tranh khdi nhflng thang ttam, khiing hoang kmh td va tiiat nghiSp.

Do cd che thi tnidng cd mpt loat Idiuyet tat vdn cd neu ttSn, nen trong thdc t i khdng ton tai cd che thi tnidng thuan tuy, ma thddng phai cd sit can thiep cua Nha nadc de sita chiia nhflng that bai cua thi tnidng.

2. The che kinh te thi trtftmg dinh hifdng XHCN c i a Vi§t Nam

Thi chd kinh te la mot Ioai the chdxa hdi, la he thdng cac quy tac dieu chinh cdc chu thi kinh te, cac hdnh vi san xua't kinh doanh va cac quan he kinh td Cd che kinh te'tiii tiiidng (CCKTTT) cd nhieu du diem da phdn tich tten, nhdng cung cd nhiiu khuydt tdt.

Vi vay cd che kinh td thi tnidng chi cd the phat huy mdt each hieu qud nhd't khi cd sd tac dpng, can thiep, diiu tiet cua ydu td chii quan cua con ngddi. Khi CCTT dddc tac ddng, dieu tiet,... bdi yiu td qudn I^ cda con ngiidi tiidng qua phdp ludt, chinh sach, quy chd.. Dd la the chd kinh tdthi ttddng (TCKTTT).

TCKTIT la mdt tong die bao gom: Cdc bp qui tac, luat le va hS tiidng thdc tiii, td chdc kinn tddadc tao lap nham dieu chinh boat ddng cua qud trtnh sdn xuat va tai san xud't ttSn thi ttddng.

TCKTTT cd vai ttd ra't quan ttong dd'i vdi cac boat dpng san xud't kinh doanh vdi nhiing chdc nang:

• TCKTTT gdn ket cac yeu td vdt chd't cua boat ddng kinh tS'. Do vdy, nd tao diiu kiSn buy ddng cdc nguon Idc cho sa phdt trien kinh td- xa hpi.

• TCKTTT cd tac dung diiu chinh, dieu tidt, dinh hadng cac mdi quan he kinh td ndy sinh, hinh thanh va phat triin theo nhiing muc tieu da dinh. Ndi each khac nd cd tac dung tao mdi trddng on dinh cho qua ttinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi.

• TCKTTT cd tdc dung kiim tra, phat hien de udn nan nhflng hien tddng "lech chuan" ttong qua trinh phat trien kinh te.

Trong qud trinh phat trien xa hdi, the chd ludn cd sil thay doi. Khi the chd phii hdp vdi trinh dd phdt triin ciia xa hdi tbi se cd tac dung thiic day sd phdt trien. Thdc te cho thdy, nhieu the che cu ttong qua tnnh phat trien da dan ttd nen lac hdu va do vay ddi hdi phai cd sd tiiay doi. TCKTTT do nhieu ydu td tdc dpng ttong do: TCKTTT dadc hinh thanh bdi nhd nadc va cac td chdc kinh te v..v; Trinh dp phat trien kinh te - xa hdi; Chidn lapc phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi cua mot dd'i nddc;

Tinh chat va thiet che cua nha nddc; Cd che quan ly kinh td; Trinh do cua dpi ngu can bp va y thdc chap hanh phap luat ciia ngddi dan.

Hiu het nin kinh td cua cac nddc ttin thd gidi ngay nay deu Id kinh te thi trifdng. Nhdng tuydac diem lich sd, kinh te, cbi'nb tri ma thi chd kmh tdthi ttadng dddc biiu hien khde nhau.

Ngudi ta thudng ndi tdi ba mo hinh the che kinh tethi trudng tieu bieu d cdc nudc phdt trien la:

a. Mo hinh TCKTTT tu do: TiSu biiu Id My, Anh... Md hinh nay cd dac diem la: Cd mdt CCKTTT td do thuan khiet hdn so vdi cac nen kinh tdkhac. Phiidng cham la "Thi ttddng nhiiu hdn, nha nadc it hdn". Trong mo hinh nay cac mdi quan he kinh te deu dapc gidi quyit thdng qua thi tnidng Id chinh. Sil can thiep ciia nha nadc rdt ban hflu. Do dd, mpi sd ba't cap that bai cua nin kinh ti diu do nguyen nhan chd ydu til sd tmc ttac hay sd phat triin thie'u ddng bd cua thi tnldng.Trong md hinh nay, thi tnldn^ lao dpng cd ti'nh linh hoat cao va cac luat IS vl tin

So 16 thang 12 nam 2019 •'^n tri kinh doanh

mifing lao dpng deu ttuen ve viec bao hp ngddi chu til ban hdn la ngddi lao ddng lam thue.

b. Ud hinh thi che kinh tethi trudng xa h$i.

Tigu bieu la cac nUdc Bac Au va Cong hda liSn bang Diic. Ddy la md lunh bidn the ciia md hinh Idnh ti thi Uildng til do. Nd gan ket mpt each hdp ly gifla cac mdt kinh td - xa hdi va chinh tri tren cd sd thi ti:ildng.

c. Mo hinh thi che kinh tethi trudng nha nudc phdt trien. Tieu biiu la Phap, Nhdt Ban. Chdc nang chu yiu cua nha nddc ttong md hinh nay la flilic day va tang tnidng kinh td dai han. Do do, nhd nildc phdi chii ddng thdc hien chinh sach chuyin djch cd ca'u kinh te theo hddng tidn bp tren cd sd nhiing thdnh tdu cua cdng nghiSp hda dila v^o tri thdc. Nham thich dng vdi bidn ddng nhanh chdng cua nhu cdu thi tiildng de ludn tao ra nhfing Ipi flii so sdnh mdi, nang cao sdc canh tranh, khdng thu ddng chap nhan sd phan cdng lao dong qudc te dila tten nhiing Idi the cd sdn. Nha nildc khdng chi quan tam den ludt chdi cua nen kinh ti thi tradng, ma cdn di sdu hddng ddn, chi dao, diiu tiet ca phddng hiidng, ndi dung ciia boat dong kinh te nhim thilc hien chdc nang phat ttien c6a nha nddc. Khu vdc doanh nghiep nha nddc luon chiem vi iri quan ttpng ttong nen kinh td.

Ben canh nhiing sil khac biet cua mdi md hinh nhil da neu tten, 3 md hinh nay cung cd nhflng diem tddng dong ra't cd bdn.

+ Ca 3 md hinh TCKTT neu tten deu dddc xay dung dila tten 4 nguySn tac cdt Idi la: Sd hflu tu nhan; Ldi ich ca nhan; Canh ttanh tiii tnidng va td do dan chCi tiieo kiiu phddng Tdy.

_+ Nhiing thi chd, chinh sdch tmdc ddy dddc coi la phi kinh te nhd chlnh sach gido due - dao tao, khoa hpc, cong nghe trong nhflng tiidp nien gan day da frd thanh nhiing ddng Idc ttpng ydu cda tdng tnidng va phat trien kinh td Cbi'nh nhd

% tnmg nhiing khoan dau td Idn cho phdt triin giao due- dao tao, khoa hpc cdng nghe ma My 3S ttd thanh nadc dang ddn dau trong cac nganh mdi, hien dai vd fliu dddc nhdng nhiiu khoan m nhuan kech sd til cdc nganh cdng nghiep ban tian, may tinh, in td ne't, cdng nghe smh hpc.

Qua SII phdn tich tten cd tiii nit ra mdt sd nhan sinh sau day:

^•M^^ i^^ ^^^^ ^^^ sd dung rdng rai sa quan ly, aieu tiet vi md ciia Nhd nadc. (tuy miic dd can thiep ciia Nha nddc vao kmh te cd khde nhau).

Mdi^md hinh TCKTTT deu cd du viet ciing han chd khiS'm khuydt riSng chda cd md hinh nao tdi du...

Tii khi md Mnh CNXH Lien Xd va cac nddc Ddng Au sup do, Nga va nhieu nddc XHCN Ddng Au dd tidn hanh chuyen ddi td cd chd kd hoach boa tap tinrng sang cd chd thi trddng.

Nhung cd nhdng nadc do viec chuyin doi mdy mdc, cau tha, vdi vang nen da phdi tta gid dat.

Tren thdc te If ludn vd thdc tiSn ve md hinh TCKTTT phong phu, da dang vd phdc tap khdng thi dp dung mdy mdc theo nddc ndy, nddc khde.

M6i qudc gia phdi cau thi, khiSm tdn, ket hdp ndi Idc vdi ngoai Itlc tim tdi, sang tao tim md hinh phu hdp vdi dat nddc minh.

Phdt tiien nen KTTT djnh hddng XHCN la dddng ldi chidn Iddc nha't quan cua Dang CS ViSt Nam. TCKTTT dinh hddng XHCN la nen kinh td van hdnh theo cac qui ludt cua thi tnidng, dong thdi gdp phan hadng tdi tdng bade xac Idp mdt xa hdi ma d do dan gidu, nddc manh, dan chii, cdng bang va van minh; Cd sd dieu tiit cua nha nddc do Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam lanh dao.

Dinh hddng XHCN dapc cu the hda:

• Ve muc tiiu: Phdt trien liic lapng san xuat, xay dilng cd sd vat chat ciia CNXH; nang cao ddi sdng cua nhan dan, thdc hien "Dan giau, nddc manh, ddn chu, cdng bang, van minh"

• v i quan he sd hiiu va tiianh phan kinh te:

La nen kinh teed nhieu hinh thdc sd hihi, nhieu thanh phan kinh te, ttong do kinh te nha nadc gid vai ttd chu dao, kinh te td nhan la mdt ddng Idc quan trpng. Kinh td nha nddc, kinh t i tdp the ciing vdi kinh tdtd nhan la ndng cot di phat ttiin mdt nen kinh te ddc lap td chu.

• Ve quan he quan ly nin kinh td: Nha nadc quan ly va thac hanh cd che quan Iy Id nha nadc phap quyen XHCN ciia nhan ddn, do nhdn dan va vi nhdn dan dddi sd lanh dao cua Ddng cdng san..

• Ve quan he phdn phdi: Thilc hien nhieu hinh thdc phdn phdi trong dd: Phan phd'i theo lao dpng va hieu qua kinh td, phan phdi theo phdc Idi la nhdng hinh thdc phan phdi quan ttpng nhdt.

• Ve quan hi gifla gan bd tang trddng kmh td vdi cdng bang xa hdi: Phat triin kinh tddi ddi vdi phat trien van hda - xd hpi; Thilc hien tien bd va cdng bdng xa hpi ngay trong tdng chmh Sfi'lS thang 12 nam 2019 Tai chinh - Quan tri kinh doanh

sach, chidn Iddc, qui hoach, kd hoach va tiing giai doan phdt tiien cua kinh tdthi midng.

Mpt cau hdi ban khoan ve mdt ly luan ddi vdi idiiJng ngddi tin yeu Ddng va Chu nghia xa hpi rang "Vdy thdc chd't TCKTTT cua Viet Nam cd khde gi TCKTTT cac nddc TBCN.." ? 3. "C6i nguon" srf khac nhau giiJa TCKTTT Viet nam vdi cac nudc T« ban

D i cd sdc tiiuydt phuc ve md hinh TCKTTT cua Viet Nam hien nay, chung ta ddng tnldc hai cau hdi:

Mot Id: ICinh tdthi ti:aldng Viet Nam cd khac gi kinh td thi tnidng cdc nddc til bdn?

Hai la: Dinh hadng XHCN dadc hieu nha die nao vl biSn nay CNXH la md hinh chda hien thilc?

Tra ldi cau nay nhieu ngadi cho rang: Kinh td thi ttildng Viet Nam vdi dinh hddng XHCN la " Ddn gidu, nadc manh, ddn chii, cdng bing, vdn minh"... Cau tra Idi nay DUNG nhdng chaa du sdc thuydt phuc. Vi, thac cha't cac nddc khde ttSn thd gidi theo ta ban chii nghia deu phdn dau ddn giau, nadc manh...

Thd gidi ngay nay vdi cudc each mang 4.0, Id tiie gidi PHANG. Cdc nddc phat tiiin kieu TBCN nha Xanh- ga- po, Thdi Lan, hay nhU Thuy Dien, Ca na da w... chinh quyen cua hp cung tim mpi each cho dan giau, nadc manh...

Va ndi cdng bang hdn, do diiu kien kinh t i tdt hdn, do phat triin kinh tdthi ttildng sdm hdn, nhd cd sd vat chd't hien dai hdn nen xet vi cac tlSu chi cu the de "Dan gidu, nddc manh.. v..v" cdc nadc nay cd nhflng tiSu chi vddt xa chung ta. Mdt sd that la, Viet Nam dang p h ^ ddu de thdgidi cdng nhdn la nddc cd nen kinh tdthi ttildng. (Hien nay My va LiSn minh chau Au chda cdng nhdn Viet Nam la nddc cd nen kinh tdthi trddng).

Ndi "Dinh hfldng XHCN" nhdng CNXH hiSn tai chda hiSn thdc. Chang ban tiifdc ddy, Viet Nam xay ddng CNXH theo md hinh cua Lien Xd. Vdo thdi diem do, md hinh Lien Xd cd tiiat, hien hiiu. Nhdng tide thay md hinh do da sup dd!. Tai thdi diem nay chda cd md hinh XHCN cu the nao de nddc ta hpc tap, dinh hddng.

Ttt nhflng Idp luan trSn cho tiiay "coi ngudn"

sd khac nhau gifla TCKTTT dinh hildng XHCN cia Viet Nam va cac nddc TBCN la d MUC TIEU dSu tiin vd MUC DICH cudi ciing.

Xet ve MUC TIEU ddu tien

Nha chung ta da bidt chu nghia Td Ban ra ddi bang con dddng tfch luy nguyen tiniy va tac ddng cua quy luat gid tii. Tich liiy nguyin thiy la sa bdc lot da man ndng ddn ttong nddc va cdc ddn tdc nhd, yeu. NghTa la, ngay til khi ra ddi den qua trinh phdt triin nhieu ttam nam sau do, muc di'ch tmdc hS't, ttSn hdt va d^u tien cua giai cd'p ta san la bdc lot gia tri thang dd. Hpc thuyet gia tri thang du ciia C.Mdc ra ddi chinh tii sil mo xe ban chat nen kinh td til ban chu nghia. Bac Ho ciia chung ta vi mudn Ddn thoat khdi canh bi bdc lot nang ni, thoat khdi sii h6n ngheo cia mpt ddn tdc md^t nddc dd di tim dddng cdu nddc bang each de'n nhflng ndi dddc cho la van minh nhdt, phat triin nha't cua chii nghia Td Bdn dd la nddc Phap, nddc My v..v vd nhieu ndi khde tten the gidi. Nhdng den ddu Bac cung chdng kien canh dp bdc, bdc lot va bat cdng ciia chu nghia til bdn.

Trai lai, muc tiSu dau tien ciia nhdng ngddi cdng sdn, cua CNXH: Trddc hdt, tren he't la cho dai da sd nhdn dan lao ddng va ca dan tdc. Muc tieu cua each mang vo sdn Id Idt dd xa hdi dp bdc, bd't cdng, gidnh lai til do, cdm no, ao a'm cho dai da sd ngddi lao ddng. Ngay khi Dang ta chda cd chinh quyen, cddng linh dau tiSn ciia Dang nam 1930 da chi rd muc tiSu gianh dpc lap cho dan tpc, am no hanh phuc cho toan dan. Ke tfl nam 1945 khi Dang ta cd chinh quyen. Dang da phan ddu, xay ddng mot nfldc Viet Nam hda binh, ddc lap, dan chii va giau manh. Muc dich xuyen sudt cua Dang dapc khai quat d Nghi quydt dai hdi toan qudc lan thd 12 la: Xay ddng mdt Viet Nam ddn giau, nddc manh, xa hdi dan chi, cong bang, van minh.

Xetvi MUC DICH cudi cimg

Cac hoc gia td sdn chdng minh CNTB da va se phat trien cao nhat, tdi uu nhat, ton tai vinh viSn. CNTB cd khd ndng w diiu chinh di thich nghi, de phu hdp vdl sii phat ttiin cua san xudt ciia cudc each mang cdng nghiep, vdi cac hoaii cdnh tien hda ciia nhdn loai.

Trai lai, hpc thuydt C.Mac cho ring CNTB chi la mdt ndc tiiang tidn hda cua xd hdi loai ngddi. Chung ta thda nhan chu nghia Td Ban da ddng gdp va cdn ddng gdp cho nhan loai nbilu tiidnh ttni cd y nghia to Idn. Nhdng mot thdc te, ttong qua trinh phdt triin cia CNTB da bdc

So 16 thang 12 nam 2019 ••^n tri kinh dggnh

^ Uiayi'i *•$• QiOii AL' la: Phan hda giau ngheo; B^t binh ding gifla cac qudc gia, chidn tranh, tieu cUc va te nan xa hdi...Vi le dd, loai ngUdi se c ^ cd mdt xa hdi tdt dep hdn thay the CNTB. Den ddy, can hdi dat ra la "Xd hpi cao hdn CNTB la gi? Thdc ra nhflng npi dung cot loi ve mpt xa hdi tddng Iai cd the khai quat nhiing dac trdng ma C.Mdc da dd bao tfl the ky 19 d6 la: Mot xa hdi Idc Ifldng san xuat da phat trien trinh dd rat cao; Tao rdt nhiiu cia cdi; Nin sSn xuat phdt trien cd kd hoach theo ldi I'cb tdi da ctia xa hdi; Xa hdi khdng cdn giai cap, mpi ngildi bmh dang.. . xd hdi tiS'n ddn vao vddng quoc cia td do ttong dd lao dpng la nhu cau, la niem vui, mpi ngddi tU giac vd tU do lao ddng;

lam theo nang lilc va hfldng thu theo nhu cau V..V. Dd Id xa hdi se thay thd CNTB va dd cung la xa hdi md dinh hddng cho con dadng phat triin ciia kinh te thi tnidng ViSt Nam - Kinh td thi tmdng dinh hfldng XHCN.

Ye dinh hddng td tddng dao ddc hay chiSm nghiem chdn Iy qua dinh hfldng til tddng giao ly cia Phat Giao. Sd di Phat Gido da ton tai va phat tiien fren 2500 nam, va ngay nay cang thu hiit dddc sa chu y, quan tam va noi theo cia

hang tram trieu ngddi, la vi giao ly cia nha Phat hfldng hanh ddng cua con ngddi tdi Chdn, Thien, My, la phan ddu cbo mdt xa hpi hda binh va an lac. La giai thoat cho con ngddi mpi khd dau. La qua trinh tdng bddc ta tu luyen de chie'n thang cdi xau, cai dc trong chinh minh, Id qua tnnh tieu diet tham, sdn, si trong moi con ngddi.

Chfnh dinh hddng tdt dep dd ve gid tri dao ddc va ve mdt xd hdi binh dang, hanh phuc cia Phat Gido ddi vdi sd phat trien cua Ioai ngadi nSn dapc nhieu trieu ngddi tdn vinh, phd'n da'u vd hfldng theo.

Tdm Iai, dinh hddng tddng lai cua xd hdi Cpng san, giai doan dau cua nd la Chu nghia Xd Hdi ma C.Mac da dii bdo, la mdt xd hdi tdt dep hdn nhieu lan so vdi nhflng gl ta dang tha'y d CNTB hien tai. Thd gidi ngay nay khi ma CNXH d Lien Xd dd sup do, khi md CNTB vdn cdn cd nhieu du diem ma Dang ta da nhin xa, trdng rdng Ianh dao xay ddng nin kinh td thi tradng Viet Nam dinh hddng Xd hdi chi nghia.

Hien nay, ViSt Nam dang cd vai ttd ngay cang Idn va uy tin tren the' gidi: Dan gidu hdn, Nddc manh hdn... Dd tam cao tri mS vadt thdi dai cua Dang cdng san Viet Nam.

Tai Ueu tham khao

D. C. Nordi (1991), "Institutions", Journal of Econonuc Perspectives, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 97- 112

Ddng Phong (2009), "Phd rao" ttong kinh td vao dem trddc ddi mdi, NXB Tri Thdc Gido tiinh Kinh td chinh tti Mac- LSnin, 1999, NXB Chinh tri Qud'c gia. Ha Ndi Gido frinh qudn Iy Nha nddc tren cdc ITnh vdc kinh td, 2013 NXB Khoa hpc va Ky tiiudt K. Stephen, and P. Keefer (1995), InstiUitions and Economic Performance: Cross-Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures, Economics and Politics, vol 7,207-227,1995 Nghi quydt dai hdi Dang toan quoc lan thd: 6; 7;10;11 ;12

Nguyin Dinh Cung (2014), Doi mdi til duy va tiiao bd nut that thi che de chuyin manh nin kinh tinadc ta sang kinh tdthi trddng day di, hien dai. Da dn Hd trp tai co ca'u kinh tdnang cao nang lUc canh ttanh Viet Nam.

Nguyen Van Giau, NguySn Van Phuc, Nguyin Dinh Cung (2015), The che phdp luat kinh td mpt so qudc gia tten the gidi.

Tran Binh Trpng (2010), Giao ttinh Cac hpc thuydt kinh td, NXB Tnidng Dai hpc Kinh te Qudc ddn.

ViStNam sau 30 nam ddi radi (2016), Hpi tiiao Qudc tdVlSt Nam 30 nam Doi mdi: Thanh tou, bai hpc va triin vpng.

https://www.kas.de/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=a822eb58-6b84-437f-0450' 70daf3589379&groupld=252038

Sdl6 thang 12 nam 2019 33 Tai chinh - Quan tri kinh doanh