KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
DAC DIEM DAIVI VA VI SlIMH VAT TRDIMG DAT TROIXIG DUA LEG DUOi: TUOI IXIUOC THAI SAU TUi U KHi 5IIVH HOC
Nguyen Cdng Thuan', Nguyln Phuong Thao', Nguydn Hoang Duy', Dang Thanh Thao', Bui Thi Nga' T6MTAT
Nghien cuu nay danh gia dac diem cua dam amon va niuat, mat sd vi sinh vat hidu khi, ham luong Colifornis va E. co/i trong ddt udng dua leo duoc tiroi vdi nuuc thai sau tui ii khi smh hoc nhdm danh gia kha nang sii dung nuoc thai sau tiii u khi smh hoc nhu phan hiru co long de Udng dua leo. Thi nghiem gdm nghiem thirc 1 nhu nghiem thirc doi chiing (luoi nuoc kenh), nghiem Ibiic 2 (bon phan hoa hpc vcn ham luong dam nhu khuyen cao) va nghiem thuc 3 (tuoi nuoc thai sau (lii ii khi sinh hoc voi ham liRmg dam tuong duong 75% luong dam d nghiem thuc phan hoa hoc). Ham tuong N-NH,'. N-NO,. tong mat so vi sinh vat hieu khi trong dat duoc xac dinh d cac then diem Inroc khi gieo hat gidng dua leo, 15 ngay sau khi gieo (NSKG), 30 NSKG. 45 NSKG va sau khi thu hoach dira leo. Mat so Cohfonnsva E. roitrong ddt chi duoc xac dinh a thoi diem truoc kbi gieo va sau khi thu hoach. Ket qua cho thay, niing susit dua leo giua nghiem Uiiic bon phan boa hoc va luoi niroc thai khac biet khong y nghia. Ham tuong N-NH,' va N-NO," co khuynh hucmg cao hon trong dat duoc bon phan hoa hoc so vol dat ducrc tuoi nuoc thai. Ham lupng N-NH,* trong dat bidn dpng liiy theo thoi diem tang tnicmg ciia dua leo va co khuynh huong thap d then diem sau khi thu hoach. Ham lugng N-NO3 co khuynh huong lang dan theo thoi gian trdng dua leo va co su tich luy sau khi thu hoach. Tdng mat sd vi sinh vai hidu khi a nghiem thuc bon phan hoa hpc khong cao hon c6 y nghia so voi nghiCm thirc luoi nuoc thai. Mai sd Coliformsva E colia nghiem thiic tirui nuoc thai cao ban co y nghia so vol nghiem thiic bon phan hoa hpc. Mat so vi smh vai hieu kbi, Coliformsvii E. colico khuynh hu6ng gia tang theo ihm gian trong dua leo, do do, nen v& sinh dat Uong dira leo sau khi thu hoach dd lam giam mat sd Colifoimsvk E coli. Dua tren cac dac diem ve nang suat va dam Uong dai dii su dung nuoc thai sau tiii u khi sinh hoc dd trong dua leo 6 quy mo nong hp la kha thi.
Til khda: Coliforms, dua leo, E. cob. ntwv thai tui ti biogas, vi sinh vat hie'u khi.
18], dau bdp 19] vd dua leo [10]. Cdc nghidn cuu nay , , ehi dimg lai d- ddnh gid kha nang sii dung nirdc thai Xir ly chat thai chan nudi heo bang he thdng khi i, - ..i, -' 1 L • • L 1, i -• ^ •! u • .1. u
•' 1- - u- - \' sau he thong khi sinh hoe de trong hoa mau thay cho phan hda hpc. Cac nghidn cuu nay chua nghien cuu 1 . GIOI THIEU
sinh hoc duge xem Id mot trong nhiing gidi phap
hieu qua gop phin lam giam 6 nh.Sm moi tnitag do ^„^ ^_..^ ^^^ 1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^, ^^ ^^. ^^^^^ ^.^^ j _ ^ . chan nudi heo gay ra 1], 2 , [3 . Tuy nhien, khi so , , . , .- ... ,, , ;. , .^ , . • . ,
\. . ^ .- . . • u- dang dam cay trong hap thu, nham hieu biet ro hon sdnh vdi Quy chuan ky thuat Qudc gia vd nude thai
chan nudi (QCVN 62-MT:2016/BTNMT). nude thai kha nang cung cdp dam lir nude thai sau he thdng khi sinh hoc eho dat de cay trdng hap thu. Su chuydn sau he thdng khi sinh hoc van cdn chua ham luong , , . , , . . , „ ^ , • ^- •. - u • \
• , ^ . , • , , ; hoa tu dam huu co sang NH^ (qua tnnh amon hoa) COD, tdng chat ran lo ung, tdng dam va tong , , ,. , . .- xri.t ^i,- u \\f\ i - . • u ' ^ . 7 \ 4 - va su chuyen hoa hi N H / thanh NO-i (qua tiinh Colifonns cao hon gia tri tdi da cho phep ddi voi •.. •. i, • \ ^ i--^ t ^u u - i.^^ • u -»
^ • • r 1 mtrat hoa) trong dat duoc thue hien boi vi smh vat, uuoc thai Chan nuoi kh. xa ra nguon tiep nhan 41, ^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^. ^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^_ ^.^^ ^.^ ^.^^
151. Do do. thay vi thai nuiyc tha. sau he thong kh, ^ ^^^^ _^^,_^ Nttrosonwnas chuyen hoa NH.' sinh hoc ra moi tiorcmg va thuc hien cac bien phap xu ^^^^^ ^ ^ . ^^^ ^^^^ Mlrobaeter chuyen hoa XO,"
ly hep theo. mot vai nghien cim da thanh cong trong ^^^ ^^:^^^^^^ ^^,^ ^ . ^. ^^^^ ^,^ ^. .^ ^ . ^^^^
Viee sir dune nude thai sau he thdng khi sinh hoc .,.. ^ . * • - ] • - *-• u i * - • *^ " - d a t duoc mong doi co hen quan den ham luong dam nhu phan huu co dang long thay the phan hoa hoc . , , , , . ^ ^ j-v • i- - L u - .*-•
^ • ^ ^ , , , , , NH. va NO-j trong dat va qua do anh huong den trong eanh tdc cdi xanh va xa lach (6 , van tho 7 , ot ^ .• . ^ .• ,.,. , . , , . ^ .. ,.
^ nang suat eay trong. Van de khac can quan tam Id nude thai sau he thdng khi sinh hgc van cdn chua ' Khoa MOI inrung \;i Tai nguyen Thien nhien. Truung Dai ham lugng eao Coliforms {b mire lO*" CFU/mL; [11)) va E. coh(W - 10-' MPN/mL; [11]), vi vay, tijoi nuoc thai sau he thdng khi sinh hoc cd gay d nhidm hoc Can Tha va E. coU (W - lO'' MPN/mL; [ 11 ]), vi vay, tijoi nuoc Email: ncihua[[email protected]
W A M C uriUIFP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020 25
KHOA Hpc COI
Coliforms va E. coh cho dat hay khdng can dugc kiem chung.
Nguyen Phuong Thao va ctv, 2017 [10] da budc dau nghien cuu thanh cdng viee sir dung nuoc thai sau tin u khi smh hoe de trdng dua leo. Nghien cuu cho rdng nghiem thuc tudi nucrc thai sau tui u khi sinh hoc vdi ham luong dam tuong duong 75% luong dam eua phan hda hoe cho nang suat dua leo tuong duong nghiem thuc phan hda hoc. Tuy nhidn. nghien ciru chua thao luan nguyen nhan cho ket qua nhu tren. Cung nhu nghien cuu chi danh gia mdt ldn cho thd] gian trdng vdo ddu mua mua; nghien eim chua danh gia eho cdc thdi gian trdng khae nhu mua kho.
Do dd. nghien cuu nay tap trung danh gia dae diem dam NH/, NO,,", mat sd vi smh vat hieu khi, ham luong Coliforms va E. coli trong dat ti"dng dua leo duoc tudi nude thai sau tiii li khi sinh hpc dd cung edp thdng tin day du hon ve kha nang sir dung nude thai sau tui ti khi sinh hoc nhu phan huu co long de trdng dua leo.
2. PHUONG PHAP W H O CUU
2.1. Tlidi gian, dia di^m, nguyen vat Heu nghidn cuu
Nghien ciiu duoc thuc liien tai ho ba Tran Thi Hdng Ngoan b thanh phd Cdn Tho, noi ed tui u khi smh hgc vdi nguyen heu nap la phan heo, vao miia kho til 01/2018 den 03/2018. Dua leo gidng dugc su dung trong thi nghiem la gidng dua leo lai Fl 114 do Cdng ly TNHH Nong nghiep Chanh Phong sdn xuat.
Phan hda hgc dugc sir dung bao gdm phan ure (duoc san xual lii Cong ty TNHH Ba Con Cd vdi thanh phdn dam (N) 46,3%), phan KCI (dugc sdn xuat tii Cong ty TNHH Ba Con Cd voi thdnh phan kali (K.O) 61%), phan NPK (16-16-8) (duoc sdn xudt tiJ Cdng ly Phiin bdn Viet Nhat - JVF vdi thanh phan dam (N) 16%, lan (P,O,0 16%, kah (K.O) 8%,) va phan DAP (duoc san xudt tir Cong ty Phan bdn va Hda chat Dau khi - PVFCCo vdi thdnh phdn dam (N) 18%, lan (P,Os)46%).
2.2. B6 til thi nghidm
Thi nghiem dugc bd tri khdi hodn loan ngau nhien voi 3 nghiem thirc va mdi nghidm thiic lap lai 3 ldn (Bang 1). Dua leo dugc trdng tren cae hdp cd dien tieh klioang 10 m- (rdng x dai x cao = 1,4 m x 7,2 m X 20 - 25 cm). .Mdi hep ti-ong 2 hang vdi khoang each trdng la ddi x ngang - 0,8 m x 0,4 m dd dam bao cho dua leo phat tiien tdt nhat [12] va cac
hep cach nhau 0.7 m. Moi hd gieo 2 h$t gion.c 131 •.
mdm.
Bang 1. Nghi&m thuc thi nghiem _ _ „ - — Nghiem I i 5 I Cach t\\\K bon phan thuc \ hieu hoac ur(njiuocjhai_____
lu vm niroc Icenli Nghiem
thuc 1 Nghiem I thirc 2 j Nghidm i thiic 3
NTl • Tuoi
iAo}^ '-"''1'^1K'__——^—
NPJ • Bon VOI ph;m hoa hoc
• vol ueu Immg dam nhir I khuyen cao _—
NT3 I Tudi voi nude tliai sau
• tui ii khi sinii hoc vol ' lidu lugng dam luoiig I duong lb% luong tlam I cua phan hda hoc bon d
NT2
Ghi chu: Ham lirong dam a NVi duov tinh toan nhir nghiin cihi ciia Nguyen Phuong Thao va ctv (2017) [10} (nghiin ciru cho rdng nghiem Ibiic tiiw nuoc thai sau tiii li khi sinh hoc voi ham luong daw tuang duong 75% luong dam ciia plain hoa hoc cho nang sua! dua leo tuong duong nghiem lliuc phan hoa hoc).
Trudc khi gieo hai gidng mot tudn, dat lr6ng clira leo (tat ea cae nghiem thue) dugc bdn Idt vdi phan NPK vdi lugng 40 g/m'^ [12]. Dua leo duoc tudi nirdc kenh hai lan mdi ngdy (sdng vd chidu), trir cac budi bdn phan hda hoe hoac tudi nude thai. Lugng niroc la 30 lit eho mdi ldn tudi eho mdi jiep eho tat ca cac nghiem thirc. Theo Nguyen Phuong Thao va ctv (2019) [13], N-NH.f trong dat duge ti'dn voi than td ong da hap thu NH,' Irong nmJc thai sau tiii ii khi smh hgc de trong dua leo giam dang ke sau 5 ngay phdi tron, nen thi nghiem nay cung chgn lum nuoc thai (cung nhu bdn vdi phan hda hoc) cho dira leo sau moi 5 ngay.
Luong phan hda hgc bdn cho dua leo duoc the hien bang 2. Luong phan bdn eho tung giai doan tang trudng dugc tinh todn dua tren khuyen cao ve each trdng dua leo eda Tran Thi Ba [12]. Phan hoa hoc dugc hda vdi nude kenh bdn cho dua leo. Do ham lugng dam trong nude kenh rdi thap (Bang 6) nen khi tinh lucmg dam bdn b NT2 khdng bao gdm ham luong dam trong nude kenh. Phan hda hgc chi bdn 1 lan/ngay (budi sdng) vao thoi diem can bdn (vaciinff vdi thdi diem tudi nude thai d' NT3).
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TDIPN NONG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020
KHOA HOC CONC NGHE
Bang 2. hians phan hoa hoc bon cho Giai doan
5 - 1.S ngay sau khi gieo (NSKG) 20 - 35 NSKG
4 0 - 5 5 NSKG
dua leo Urong phan (g/m-") DAP 1 Ure
5 ! 5 1
! 5
Kali M'K oNT2
Luang dain (N) (g/nrt 0 3.2 10
30 30
4,8 7.1
.So ldn bon (5 ngay/lan)
3 4 4 Ghi chii: - Lupng dam phan hoa hoc bon cho dua leo theo cacgiai doan duac tinh nhu sau: 5g DAP/ nr bao gom 0.9gN/m2; 5g ure/nr bao gom 2,3 g N/ nf: 30 g NPK'' irr bao gdm 4.8gN/ nr.
Luong dam cdn bdn dugc bdn nhieu lan cho mdi giai doan tang trudng ma khong bdn tap trung (mdt lan cho moi giai doan) de tranh thiia dam vi dua leo de man cam vdi lugng phan cao [12].
Lugng nude thai tudi eho dua leo ducrc trinh bay d bang 3. Nude thai duoc do mgt ldn trudc khi trdng
Bang 3. Thg tich nude thai tirdi dua leo d- NT3
dua leo va hai ldn sau ti'dng dua leo dd kidm Ira tinh dn dinh chat lugng nude thai cho viec xde dinh ndng do dam, sau dd xac dmh the tich tudi. Nghiem thue nude thai chi tudi 1 lan/ngay (budi sdng mdi ldn tudi).
Nghiem thiic
NT3
Giai doan 5 - 1 5 NSKG 2 0 - 3 5 NSKG 4 0 - 5 5 NSKG
Luong darn can cung cap (g/nrO
2.4 3,6 5,3
So lan tuoi (5 ngay/lSn)
3 4 4
The tich nuac thai can tuoi (L/mVljin)
1,8 2,03 3
Ghi chu: Thi tich nuoc thai duoc dnh theo cong diuc: V=ni /JVf. Trong do, V (L) la the tich nuoc thai can cho moi ldn tudi, in la luong dam (tinh tlieo N) can diing cho moi lan ttmi d NT2. M la lupng dam (tinh theo gia bi tdng dam - TN) co trong nirdc thai sau tiii u khi sinh hoc {.Wguyin Phuong Thao va ctv, 2017).
2.3. Phuong phdp thu vd phSn tich mdu 2.3.1. Phuong phap thu vaphan tich mau nuoc Nude thai duoc thu gom true tiep tir dau ra ciia tin li khi sinh hoc sau khi ve sinh chudng khoang 10 phiit. Nude ao dMoc thu b dd sau each mat nude 20 - 30 cm. Mau duoc bao quan lanh eho ddn khi phan lich. Tdng nito (TN), long lan (TP), dam amon (N- NH|0, phot phdt (P-PO,'-) va Kah (K') ldn lugt dugc phan tieh theo phuong phdp Kjeldahl. Acid ascorbic, Indophenol blue, Acid ascorbic va quang phd hdp thu nguyen tu.
Bang 4. Phucmg phdp phan tich mdu ddt
2.3.2. Phuong phap thu vaphan tfch mau dat Mdu dat duge thu b cac thdi diem, ddu vu (trudc khi gieo 5 ngay), 15 NSKG, 30 NSKG, 45 NSKG va eudi vu (sau khi thu hoach. 55 NSKG). Mau dat dugc thu trudc khi bdn phan hda hoc hoac tudi nmVc thai.
Cde chi tieu theo doi bao gdm N-NH,,*^ va N-NOv. Dat duge thu mdu b do sau tir 0 - 20 cm bdng khoan ddt.
Mdu ddt duge thu b 5 diem xung quanh gdc, trdn ddu thu khoang 0,5 kg dat (bao qudn trong hgc ni Idng), duof: bao quan lanh cho den khi phan tieh. Phuong phap phan tieh mau ddi dugc trinh bay d bang 4.
Chi tieu N-NH,* (mg/kg) N-NO,,- (mg/kg)
Phuong phap phan tich , Trich bdng dat turn va dung dieh tiieh KCI 2M ti le dat: KCI = 1:10. NH,' •
duoc phan tich bdng phuong phap so mau Indophenol blue Trich bang ddt tuoi va dung dich trich KCI 2M ti le ddt: KCI = 1:10. NO3 dugc phan tich bdng phuong phap so mau Hydrazine Sulphate 2.3.3. Phuong phdp xac dmh vi sinh vat hiiu khi,
Colifonns va E. coh
Dat sau khi tliu (nhu md ta b phdn thu mau dat d- tren) dugc bao quan ti-ong tiii ni Idng va chuydn den phdng thi nghiem de xir ly cho phan tieh. Dinh lugng
mat sd tdng vi sinh vat hieu khi dua vao phuong phap ddm sd te bao sdng tren mdi truong thach [14|. Mat sd vi sinh vat Colifonns va E. coh dugc dinh luong theo phuong phap MPN (Most Probable Number).
M O M ^ MfiHiFP VA PHAT TRIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020
KHOA HOC COI
2.4. Phucmg phdp xac djnh nang suat dua leo Sd lugng trai mdi day dua leo la gia tn trung binh eua 10 day d mdi Uep. Khdi lugng trai (g/trai) la khdi luong trung bmh cua 10 Q-ai 6 mdi hdp. Nang sudt trai la khdi lugng toan bd trai hai duoc o mdi liep.
2.5. Phuong phdp xii ly sd lieu
Su dung phdn mem SPSS 20.0 de thdng ke su sai khac gia tri trung bmli sd lugng trai moi day, khdi luong ti-di, nang sudt, ham lugng N-NHj', N-NO^' va mat sd vi sinh vat hieu khi, Coliforms va. E coli trong ddt giira cac nghiem thirc va giira eac thdi diem d muc y nghia 5% (sii dung kiem dinh One-way ANOVA vdi phep thii Duncan cho du heu cd phan phdi chuan va su dung kiem dinh phi tham sd vdi phep thir Mann Whitney U cho dir heu khdng cd phan phdi chuan).
3. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN
3.1. Sd trai, khdi lugng trdi, vd nang sudt dua leo Ket qua do dac eho thdy, sd trai tren mot day va khdi lugng trai b nghiem thiic tudi nude thdi Id cao hon cd y nghia so vdi eac nghiem thiic khde, trong khi sd ti-di tren mdt day vd khdi luong trai d- nghiem thirc tudi chi nude kenh thap nhdt (Bang 5). Nang sudt dua leo b nghiem thuc bdn phan hda hoc va tudi nude thai khac biet khdng cd y nghia, nhung cao hon ed y nghia so vdi nghiem thiie tudi chi vdi nude kenh (Bang 5). Ket qua vd nang sudt dua leo la phii hgp vdi nghien cim eua Nguyln Phuang Thao va ct\- (2017) [10] rdng dua leo dugc tudi nude thai vdi lugng dam tuong duong 75% luong dam phan hda hge cho nang sudt tuong duong dua leo dugc bdn bdng phan hda hoe. Nang suat dua leo d' nghidn cuu ndy thap hon so vdi nghien ciiu cua Nguydn Phuong Bang 6. Ndng do dam, lan vd kali mioc
Thao va ctv (2017) (5.19 kgfnr). Didu ndy co the la do thdi gian ti'dng vao mua khd d' nghien ciiu naV khdng phii hgp nhat cho phat trien ciia dua leo [I'^i so voi trdng vao miia mua nhu nghien cuu cua Nguyen Phuong Thao va ctv (2017).
Mac du, lugng dam trong nude thai tudi cho fiira leo chi 75% so vdi lugng dam phan hda hoc duoc khuydn cao, nhung nang suat giua hai nghiem tliwc la tuong duong nhau. Nhu vay ndu sir dung nuoc thai sau tui li khi sinh hgc dd tudi cho dua leo thi luong dam cdn su dung la 2,4 kg/1000 m- eho giai doan 5 - 15 NSKG, 3,6k g/1000 m- cho giai doan 20 - 35 NSKG va 5.3 kg/1000 in- cho giai doan 40 - 45 NSKG. Neu ham lugng dam trong nude thai klioang 486 mg/L (Bdng 6), thi did tieh nuoc diai ldn nhJit cdn cho moi lan tudi la 3 mVlOOO nr. \'ai tan suat tudi 5 ngay/lan vd vdi luong nude thai cdn turn nhu vay thi rat kha thi de ndng hd dp dung.
Bang 5. Sd trdi/day, khdi lugng trii va nSng suat a cdc nghidm thuc
Nghiem thiic
NTl NT2 NT3
Sd trai tren mOt day (trai/day) 5.M±0.3I' 9.00±().30"
10.00+0,72'
KhOi luong trai trung binh (g/trai) 76.71 ±0,15'
97,47+1,1°
100,45+0,51-' Nangsu^t
te/m')
0,73+0,04' 2,17lfl,18"
2,16±0,33' Ghi chu: So heu dupc trinh bay dang tmng binh
± do lech chuan, n - 3. Gia tri trung binh giua cac cot CO kf tir gidng nhau (a, b, c) khac biet khong co y nghia.
3.2. Dilc di^m nuoc thai sau tiii li khi sinh hpcvd nudtkenh
thai sau tiii u khi sinh hgc vd nude kdnh chi tieu
N-NH/
TN P-PO,*
TP K-
Don VI
mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L
Nuoc thai sau tiii u khi sinh hoc 326.33+20.98 486.00+37.58 167.33+1.15 189,67±1.53 140,33+5,03
Nuoc kenh
0,07+0,01 3,88±0,68 0,04±0,0I 0,37+0,04 1,94+0,04
QCVN 62- MT.2016/BTNMT
(Cot B) 150
- -
Ghi chu: Sdlieu ifupr tnnh bay dang Trung bmh + do lech chuan (n =3).
NOng do darn, lan va kah trong nuoc thai sau tiii MT:2016/BTNMT cot B (Quy chuan ky thual Qnj,.
khi sinh hgc cao. khong dat so vm QC\-N' 62 g"^ ve nuoc thai chan nuoi khi xa ra „g„6„ „„^^
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TPIEN NONG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
khdng dimg cho muc dieh cdp nude sinh boat) (Bang 6). Day la ngudn giau dmh duong tiem nang cd the diing de tuoi cho dua leo. Hdm lugng dam ti-ong nude thai chii yeu d dang NH^" (khoang 67% tdng dam). Ham lugng lan trong nude chu ydu Id dang PO,,'*- (khodng 88% tdng lan). NUf va P04^ va K' la ede dang md cay trdng cdn va hdp thu duoc. Nhin chung, ndng do dam, lan, va kali nude thdi dao ddng khdng Idn qua cae dot thu mau (the hien qua do lech chuan. bang 6) do sd lugng heo dn dinh trong thdi gian ti-dng dua leo. Ndng do dam, lan, va kah nude kenh rdt Ihap so vdi nucie thai (Bang 6).
3.3. Ndng do N-NH^^ va N-NOa" trong dat trdng dua leo
3.31. Nong do N-NH;
Ddi vdi cdc nghiem thiic bdn phan hda hgc hay nude thai (NT2, NTS), N-NH.,* b cac thoi diem 15 NSKG. 30 NSKG va 45 NSKG cao hon cd y nghia so vdi giai doan ddu vu vd eudi vu (ngoai trii thdi diem 30 NSKG d NT3) (Bang 7). Bdi vi, cdc giai doan 15, 30 va 45 NSKG dat dugc bd sung N H / tii phan hda hgc hoac nude thai. N-NH/ b thdi diem eudi vu la (hap nhdt so vdi eac thdi didni khac (Bang 7). N-NHj*
Bdng 7. Ndng dd N-NH/ h-ong ddt
ogiai doan 30. 45 NSKG dcde nghiem thuc deu giam so vdi giai doan 15 NSKG Id do d- thoi diem 30, 45 NSKG cay trd hoa va cho ti'di nen phai hap thu nhieu dam dang N H / de cung cap chat dinh duong cho eay [12]. N-\H.- d thdi diem 30 NSKG thap cd the la do d' giai doan nay eay smh (rudng manh (nay chdi, de nhanh, trd hoa) nen cdn lugng dam ldn, vi vay cay da hap thu nhieu NH^' d thdi diem nay. Sg bidn ddng N- NH/ khdng theo mdt kliuynh hudng cu the. cd the la do cac giai doan tang trudng dira leo khac nhau thi nhu cdu hap thu NH,* eua dua leo khac nhau.
Ddi vdi NTl, N-NH/ cd khuynh hudng giam dan theo thdi gian. Didu ndy cd the ly gidi la do NH/
trong dat bi mat di do cay hap thu hoSe ehuydn hda thanh eae dang kliae theo thdi gian (nhu NH3 hay NO-)"), trong khi dat ehi duoc bd sung lugng nhd NH/ til nude kenh. N-NH,f b NTl thdp hon cd y nghia so vdi NT2 va NTi la do dat khong duge bd sung them nhidu dam, chi ludi vdi nude kenh (ndng do N-NH/ rat thdp; bang 6). O cac thdi diem 15, 30 va 45 NSKG, N-NH,,' d- NT2 cao hon cd y nghia so vdi NTS (Bang 7). Nguyen nhan la do lugng dam bdn O' NT2 eao hon N'H.
trdng dua leo d cdc nghidm thiic
Don vi: ingN/kg Nghiem
thirc NTl NT2 NTJ
Thoi diem DSu vu
5.28+0.20'"
5,05+0,12"
5,24+0.21-"
15 NSKG 6,26+0,04"' 16,07±0.99''>
9,63+0,15"'
30 NSKG 4,39+0,04"
10,07+1.34"
4,35+0.14'"
45 NSKG 2,72+0,06'™
10,76+0,30'"
8,29+1,07™
Cuoi vu 1,9I±0,14'"
3,22^,14'"
3,60+1,07"- Ghi chu: So lieu duoc binh bay dang trung binh ± do lech chuan, n=3. Cac ky tu (a, b, c) trong ciing mot cot gidng nhau hoac cac ky ttr (x, y, z, w, v) trong cimg mot hang giong nhau thi hien cdc gia tri trung hinh trong cimg mot cot hoac mot hang khac hiet khongy nghia.
3.3.2 Nong do N0_;
N-NO;," b eae nghiem thiic bdn vdi phan hda hge hay tudi vdi nude thai (NT2, NTS) cd khuynh hudng tang theo thdi gian (tii ddu vu den eudi vu) (Bdng 8).
N-NO3" d tlidi diem ddu vu thdp hon so vdi cdc thdi diem bdn phan hda hge hoac tiidi nude thai (Bang 8), chimg td cd su chuyen hda tii dang dam NH/ sang NO;," va NO3" duge tich luy theo thdi gian dan den ndng dd N-NOj eao b thdi diem eudi vu. N-NH^"" d cdc nghiem thuc thdp b thdi diem eudi vu, trong khi N-NO;]" 0 cac nghiem thirc cao b thdi diem cuoi vu chiing td qua trinh mtrat hda trong ddt da dien ra.
O cde thdi diem 15, 30, vd 45 NSKG, N-NO,; d NT2 cao hon cd y nghia so vdi NTS (trir d thdi diem 45 NSKG). Dieu nay cd the la do su ehi phdi chu yeu bdi qud trinh mtrat hda khi N-NH4' cao hon d' NT2 ddn ddn N-NO3" cao hon NT2 so vdi NTS. N-NO-j b thoi diem 30 NSKG thap tuong ling vm N-NH,,* thap b giai doan nay. Do dd, su thap N-NO-/ d thdi didm 30 NSKG cd the do bi chi phdi bdi qua tnnh nitrat hda.
N-NO; d ede NT2 va NTS ddu eao hon cd y nghia so vdi NTl d' cde thdi diem sau khi bdn phan hda hgc hay tudi nude thai (Bang 8). Dac bidt, d then didm cudi vu N-NO., d- cae NT2, 3 cao hon NTl tu 3,6 ddn 3.9 lan. chiing td da cd su lieh luy NO," Irong ddt . M/^uicD \/A DU AT TDICM M O N G THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020 29
KHOA HOC cot hong dira leo khi bon phan hoa hoc hay hroi nuoc thai.
Bang 8. Nong dO N-NOj- trong dat tr6ng dua leo theo th6i gian Nghiem
thuc NTl NT2 NT3
Dau vu 1.75±0.06''"
1.62+0.27"' 1,12+0.93'"
Tlidi di^m 15 NSKG
9,97+0.13"
67.90+8.99''>
18.13+1.23*
30 NSKG 4.74+0.09'"
26.76+12.11'"
12.6/±1.15"
45 NSKG 5.02+0.06-'"
28.73+1,72"' 24,99+4,90""'
Pcrii1:i"K __CuorM_-—
7.31±0.12l_
28.42+1.7j/l_
28.76+2,80""
rs.ke
Ghi chii: So lieu duoc trinh bay dang trung binh + do lech chuan, n=3. Cac ky ttr (a, b. c) trong ciiii^i^^^
cot giong nhau hoac cac ky tu (x. y. z. iv. v) trong cung mot bang giong nhau th^ hien cac gia ai trvng bin^
trong ciing mot cot hoac mot hang khac biet khongy nghia
Phan tich mdi Urong quan N-NH,- va N-NO,- cho '™1S N-NH,' va N-NO,,- hong dit khong chi bi anh thay, N-NH,- va N-NO,- hiong quan khong CO y nghia 'i™"^ chu yeu boi qua trinh nihat hda ma con co d cac nghiem thiic (Hinh 1). Dieu nay cho thay, ham fl"^ """"'i '**': "'l" ^V hap thu cua dua leo.
N T l y - 0 1318.\+5.216
„ R = 0077. p = 0902 f 15 1
t i o .
^ •
V 5 •••'•••«Z 0 4 , .—S-T , 2 0 2 4 6 8
N-NHj- (lugAg)
NT2 y.3.7i;6x-2.863
„ R = 0.79-5. p . 0.108
» 8 0 - Heo • 3,40
rl
0 5 10 15 20N-NH,- (mg'kg)
NT3 y = 3 7136x -2.8 .JJ JJ ^ R = 0 . 1 i 6 , p . 0 8 5 2
£.20 -
'/.
0 5 10 15N-NH,-(mgftg) Hinh 1. Tuong quan giira N-NH4*
Nghien cuu cho thSy ca hai dang dam NH," va NO,- d nghiem thuc tudi nude thai d6u thap hon so vdi nghiem thuc bdn phan hda hoc, nhimg nang suat dua leo d hai nghiem thuc khac biet khong y nghia.
Vi vay, nt^u su dung nude thai sau Un ii khi sinh hoc de Uidi cho cay trong khong nen sir dung luong nude thai du thtra vi dira leo d^ man cam vdi phan cao [12]
va cd the dan de-n du dam NO^ va Uch luy NO,,- nhi^u trong dat, dan d^n cd tlie gay 6 nhilni NO, cho nuoc mat hay nude ngdm d khu vuc trong dua leo. Mac dii cd su tich luy NO,- cao trong dat, nhung theo nghien cuu Ciia Nguyen Phuong Thao va ctv (2017) luong NO,- trong dua leo thap hon nnic gidi han tdi da cho phep ciia NO,- hong san pham rau theo Quyet dmh 99/2008/QD-BNN (Quy dinh quan ly san xuat, kinh doanh rau, qua va che an loan). Vi vay, sir dung dua leo duoc trdng bang nude thai sau tui u khi sinh hoc van an toan vk nihat,
3.4. Mat sd vi smh vat hi^u khi, Coliforms vi E.
coli
,3.4.1. Mat so VI sinh vathieukhi
v4 N-NO3- trong dSt trong dua leo
Tong mat sfi vi sinl, vat hieu khi cd khuynh hudng tang tir dau vu d6n cuoi vu o cac nghiem thirc (Bang 9). (J Ihdi diem dju vu, dat sau khi len Ugp khong duoc tuoi nude lam cho am do thdp anh hudng den sinh tnrdng va phal tnen ciia vi sinh vat Sau khi dat duoc cung cap phan hda hoc hay nude thai va am do dat Uing do turn nujc hang ngay nen vi sinh vat hieu khi gia lang mat do theo thoi gi-an Phan vo CO cd tac dung thiic day qua hinh smh trudng va phat U-ien cua vi sinh vat dat vi no cd cac nguyen td N, P, K, VI luong rat can thiet cho vi sinh vat 1151 Phan him co duOT sir dung nham cai diien tinh ch-'t dat, cung cap duong chat cho cay trdng va tsii„ t
Ciru nay cho s<> VI sinh sd Vi sinh vat trong dat [16], Nghien
thay viec tudi nude thai ciing lam lang mat vat hieu khi dat.
Mat sd vi sinh vat hieu khi d cac nghiem thirc NT2 va NT3 cao hon cd y nghia so vdi NX] m.
Didu nay cd the la do cac NT2, \-T3 d y ^ ^^ ^ • dinh dudng (dam, lan) nhieu him so vdi Nrf '^^'^
gulp vi sinh vat phat trien nhieu hon. \'h L ^^^
cac didi diem bdn phan hda hoc hay tuiV, ^^^' ^ tdng mat sd vi sinh vat hieu khi n ni/hi...., I'^ ^^'>
*• '""ttocbdn .10 NONG NGHIEP VA Wi'r ™ 6 M NONG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG
2/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
phan hda hpc khdng cao hon cd y nghia so vdi nghiem thiic tuoi nude thai.
Bang 9. T6ng mat sd vi sinh v§t hi^u khi trong dat trdng dua leo theo thdi gian
Don vi: iCCFU/g Nghiem
thirc NTl NT2 NT3
Thdi gian (ngay sau khi gieo) Dau vu
10.1+0.6"
7,6±0.3""
9.6+0,4"
15 NSKG 18.6+0.7*
21.6±0.l"' 24.2+0.2'"-
30 NSKG -35.4±0.3- 42,0+0.2""
44.8+0.1"
45 NSKG 35.6±0.3"
43.9+0.2"' 44.2±0.l"'
Cudivu 34.3±0.3"
79.7+0.2'"
67.9± 0.2'"
Ghi chii: So Ueu duoc binh bay dang trung binh ± do lech chuan, n=3. Gia b-i trung binh giira cac cot co kf ttigiong nhau (a, b, c), gida cac hang co ciing ki tu (x, y, z. w) khac biet khong co y nghia.
3.4.2. Mat so Conforms vaE. coh se la ngudn dam cho vi sinh vat thugc nhdm Coliforms va E. co//phal trien. De h ^ che su phat tnen Coliforms va E. coh cdn lai trong dat, sau khi thu hoach dat nen duoc ve sinh. Ben canh dd, cd thd nghien cuu bien phap lam giam mat sd ciia Coliforms va E. cohtxang nuac thai sau tui ii khi sinh hpc trudc khi tudi.
Trong ciing nghiem thiic, mat sd Coliforms va E.
cob a thdi diem cudi vu eao hon cd y nghia so vdi b thdi diem dau vu (Bang 10). Dieu nay eho thay viec trdng dua leo da lam tang Coliform va E. coh trong dat eanh tac. O thdi didm cudi vu, Coliform va E. coh b nghiem thiie tudi vdi nude thai eao hon cd y nghia so vdi nghiem thiie tudi nude kenh va bdn phan hda hgc (Bang 10). Dieu nay la do trong nude diai cd chiia san ColEorms va E. coh ndn khi tudi vao dat se bd sung ham luong Colifoim va E. coh trong nude thai vao dat. Vide tudi nude thai vao dat lam eho mat sd Coliforms va E. coh trong dat trdng dua leo tang len, do dd, can luu y viec xii ly Colifonns va E. coh trong dat dugc tudi nude thai, (j thdi diem sau thu hoach, ham lugng N-NO:t" duoc tich lOy cao trong dat
BanglQ.Matsd 6'oM?/msva£'. CQi?"trongdattr6ngdualeo
Mac dii ham luong Cohformsvk E. coUcza trong dat, nhung dua leo dugc trdng theo phuong phap gian nen kha nang Coliforms vz E. coh trang dat tidp xiic vdi dua leo eung han che. Nghien eiiu eua Nguydn Phuong Thao va ctv (2017) [10] cho rang mat sd E. coh trai dua leo (dua leo dugc tudi nude thai sau tui li khi sinh hge) dat QCVN 8-3: 2012/BYT (Quy ehuan ky thuat Qude gia ddi vdi d nhiem vi sinh vat trong thuc pham).
Nghiem thiic NTl NT2 NTS
Colilorms (MPN/g) Dau vu
352.67+36.07'"
356.67+49,33°' 342,33±10,79-'"
Cudi vu 929.33+22,19"' 849,67±25,40°-' 1262,33+25,74"
£ CO/;-(MPN/g) Dau vu
3,33+1,53"
5,67+3,06"
4,67+2,52"
Cudi vu 11,67+1,00'"
17,00+1,00"' 33,00±2,65"
Ghi chii: So heu duoc binh bay dang trung binh ± do lech chuan, n^3. Gia b'l trung binh giira cdc cot co kf tu giong nhau (a, b, c). gida cac hang co cung ki br (x, y) khac biet khong co y nghia thong ke.
4.KETLUANVAKIB\II\IBH!
4.1. Kdt luan
Trdng dua leo bang each bdn phan hda hgc (theo hdu luong duge khuyen cao bdn cho dua leo) va frdng dua leo bang each hrdi nude thai sau tiii u khi sinh hoc vdi lugng dam tuong tuong 75% luong dam eua phan hda hge cho nang suat tuong duong nhau.
Ham lugng N-NH4' trong dat bien ddng theo timg giai doan tang trudng ciia dua leo va ed khuynh
hudng thap b thdi diem sau thu hoach. Ham luong N- NO3" cd khuynh hudng tang dan theo thdi gian trdng dua leo va cd su tich luy cao trong dat d' thdi diem sau thu hoach.
Tdng mat sd vi sinh vat hieu khi b nghiem thiic bdn phan hda hgc khdng eao hon cd y nghia so vdi nghiem thiie tudi nude thai. Mat sd Coliforms va E.
coh 0 nghiem thiie tudi nude thai eao hon cd y nghia so vdi nghiem thiic bdn phan hda hpe. Tdng mat sd vi sinh vat hidu khi, mat sd Colifonns vz E. coh cung
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020
KHOA HOC CO.-
trdng dira leo khi bon phan hda hoc hay tudi nuoc thai.
Bang 8. N6ng do N-NO3- trong dat trong dua leo theo thdi gian
Nghiem thuc
Poniijl'ji •S'kg Thdi dieni
Dau vu 15 XSKG 30 NSKG
NTl 4.74+0.09"
NT2 67.90+8.99" 26.76+12.11
NTS I2+0.93-' 18.1,3+1.2.3" 12.67±1.15"
_i5NSKG 5.02+0,06"
Cudivy_- 28,73+1,72""
24.99+4.90"" 2s72±jjfl 2S."6+Ts?^
Ghi chii: So lieu duoc trinh bay dang trung bmh + do lech chuan. n=3. Cac ky tu (a, h. c) trong ciiog m^^
cot gidng nhau hoac cac ky tu (x. y. z. iv, v) trong awg mot hang gidng nhau th^'hien cac gia tii tmng binh trong ciing mot cot hoac mot hang khac biet khongy ngiiia
Phan tich moi tuong quan N-NH,- va N-NO, cho '"^^S N-NH," va N-NO,- h-ong dat khdng chi bi anh thay, N-NHj- va N-NO3- Urong quan khdng cd y nghia ^udng chu yeu bdi qua d-inh nitrat hda ma cdn cd d cac nghiem thirc (Hinh 1). Diju nay cho diay, ham 1"* •'"'"•' ''hac " ' " su hap thu ciia dua leo.
NTl f 15 ,
j i o - i 0
y = 0.1jl8x -5.216 R = 0.077, p . 0.902
• •
•
2 4 6 8 N-NH,- una kg)
NT2
"^80 n
•3,60 • S 4 0
- 2 0 - 2 (
y - 3 7136x-2863 R = 0 795. p = 0.108
•
5 10 15 20 N-NH.-dug.tg)
NT3
•=£40 1 3.20 g 0
y=3.71.36.\ -2 863 R = 0.116. p = 0.8.52
•
» 5 10 15 N-NH,-(mg/kg) Hinh 1. Tuong quan giiia N-NH^
Nghien ciiu eho thay ea hai dang dam NH.," va NO3" d nghiem thiie tudi nude thai deu thap hon so vdi nghiem tlnic bdn phan hda hoc, nhung nang suat dua leo b hai nghiem thiie khac biel khdng y nghia.
Vi vay, neu su dung nude thai sau tui u khi sinh hgc de tudi eho eay trdng klidng nen sii dung lugng nude Ihai du thua vi dua leo de man cam vdi phan cao [12]
va cd the dan den du dam NO;j" va tich liiy NO/ nhieu trong dat. dan ddn ed the gay 6 nhidm NO3" eho nuoc mat hay nude ngdm d khu vuc trdng dua leo. Mac du cd sir tich luy NO,;" cao trong dat, nhung theo nghien cuu cua Nguyen Phuong Thao va ctv (2017) lugng NO3" trong dua leo thap hon miie gidi han tdi da cho phep ctia NO3 trong san pham rau theo Quydt dinh 99/2008/QD-BNN (Quy dinh quan iy san xuat, kinh doanh rau, qua va che an loan). Vi vay, sii dung dua leo duoc trdng bang nude thai sau tui li khi shih hge van an toan vd nitrat
3.4. Mat sd vi sinh vat hi^u khi, Coliforms va E.
coh
3.4.1. .Mat so VI sinh vat hiiu khi
va N-NO3" trong dat trong dua leo
Tdng mat so vi sinh vat hidu khi ed khuynh hudng tang tir dau vu den cu6i vu d eae nghiem thiic (Bang 9). O thdi didm dau vu, dat sau khi len hdp kliong dugc tudi nude lam cho gm do th^p anh hudng den smh truihig va phat trien eua vi sinh vat Sau khi dat dugc cung cap plian hoa hoe hay nuoc thai va am dd dat tang do tuoi niroc hang ngay nen vi sinh vat hieu khi gia tang mat ^0 theo thdi gian Phan vd CO cd tac dung thiic day qua tnnh smh trudng va phat tridn cua vi sinh vai dat vi no co cac nguyen to N, P, K, vi luong rat can ihidl cho vi smh vat [15]
Phan him co duoc sii dung nham cai thien tinh h i d^t, cung cap duong chai cho eay trong va tan/m^t sd vi sinh vat trong dat [16}. Nghien thay viee tudi nude thai cung lam tang mat cuu nay cho
vat hieu khi dat. so vi sinh
30
Mat sd vi smh vat hieu khi o cac nehi^m ... • NT2 va NTS cao hon cd y nghia so voi N-H (B Didu nay cd the la do cac NT2. Nl"3 ^„fy^ ^ }•
dinh duong (dam, Ian) nhieu hon so v6i >JT^ ^^^
giijp vi smh vat phat Inen nhieu hon \"h, 1 "^"
cac thdi diem bdn phan hda hoc hav u,-- ^"^' ^
™ r i l f o r fV,' - tdng mat sd vi sinh vat hieu khi o mihii. . ^''
« "fm thirc bon NONG NGHIEP VA PH;^^ ™6'tJ woNG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANQ 5
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
phan hoa hpc khdng cao hon co y nghia so vdi nghiem thuc nrdi nude thai.
Bang 9. Tdng mat sd vi sinh vat hi^u khi trong dat trdng dua leo theo thdi gian DonvrnrCFr Nghiem
thuc NTl NT2 NTS
Thoi gian (ngay sau khi gieo) Dau vu
10.1+0.6"
7.6±0.3""
9,6±0,4"
15 NSKG 18.6+0,7-' 21,6±0,l">
24.2+0.2"
30 NSKG 35.4±0..r' 42.0+0.2""
44.8+0.1"
45 NSKG .15,6+0..1"' 43,9+0.2"'- 44,2+0,1""
Cudivu 34.3+0.3-"
79,7+0,2"
67,9+ 0,2"
Ghi chu: So Ueu duoc trinh bay dang trung bmh ± do lech chuan. n^3. Gia tri bvng binh gida cac cot co ki tir giong nhau (a, b, c), giua cac hang co cimg ki tu (x, y z, w) khac biet khong co y nghia.
3.4.2. Mat so Coliforms va E. coh se la ngudn dam cho vi sinh vat thude nhdm Coliforms va E. coh phat trien. Dd han chd su phat ti-idn Cohfonns va E. coh edn lai trong dat, sau khi thu hoach dat nen dupc vd sinh. Ben canh dd, cd tlie nghidn cuu bien phap lam giain mat sd eiia Colilorms va E. cohtxong nude thai sau tui il khi sinh hgc trudc k h i tuCTi.
Trong Cling nghiem thiic, mat sd Coliformsvk E.
colia thdi diem cudi vu cao hon ed y nghia so vdi b thdi diem dau vu (Bang 10). Didu nay cho thay viec irdng dua leo da lam tang Coliform va E. coh trong dat canh tac. O thdi diem eudi vu, Coliform va E. coh a nghiem thuc tudi vdi nude thai cao hon cd y nghia so vdi nghiem thiie tudi nude kenh va bdn phan hda hgc (Bang 10). Dieu nay la do trong nude thai cd ehiia sin Coliforms va E. coh nen khi hrdi vao dat se bd sung ham luong Colifonn va E coh trong nude tliai vao dat. Viec tudi nude thai vao dat lam cho mat sd Coliforms va E. coh trong dat trdng dira leo tang ldn, do dd, can luu y viee xu ly Colifoims va E. coh Irong dat duoc tudi nude thai. O thdi diem sau thu hoach, ham lugng N-NO^' duoc tieh luy eao trong dat
Bang 10. Mat sd Coliformsvk E. cohtrang dat trdng dua leo
Mac du ham lugng Cohfonnsva E. ro//cao trong dat, nhung dua leo dugc trdng theo phuong phap gian nen kha nang Cohfonnsva E. cohtrang dat tidp xiic voi dua leo cung han che. Nghidn ciiu cua Nguyen Phuong Thao va civ (2017) [10] cho rang mat sd E. coh trai dua leo (dua leo dupe tudi nude thai sau tiii u khi sinh hge) dat QCVN 8-3: 2012/BYT (Quy ehuan ky thuat Qude gia ddi vdi d nhidm vi sinh vat trong thuc pham).
Nghiem thiic NTl NT2 NTS
Conforms (MPN/g) Dau vu
352.67+36.07"
356,67±49.33-"
.142,33± 10,79"
Cuoi vu 929.33+22.19'- 849.67+25.40"- 1262,33+25,74"
£ •oi (MPN/g) Dau vu
3,33+1,53-"
5,67+3,06-"
4,67+2,52"
Cudi vu 11,67±1,00-"
17,00+1,00"' 33,00+2,65°' Ghi chii: Sdlieu duoc trinh bay dang trung binh ± do lech chuan. n=3. Gia tri trung binh gida cdc cot co kf ttr gidng nhau (a, b. c), giira cac hang co ciing ki tu (x, y) khac biet khong co y nghia thdng ke.
4.KETLUANVAKIBUNGHI 4.1. Kdt luan
Trdng dua leo bang each bdn phan hda hoc (theo lidu lugng dupc khuyen cao bdn cho dua leo) va frdng dua leo bang each tudi nude thai sau tui u khi sinh hge vdi lugng dam Urong hrong 75% luong dam eua phan hda hoc cho nang suat tuong duong nhau.
Ham luong N-NH/ ti'ong dat bien dgng theo timg giai doan tang trudng ciia dua leo va ed khuynh
hudng thap d thdi diem sau thu hoach. Ham luong N- NO3" cd khuynh hudng tang ddn theo thdi gian trdng dua leo va ed su tich liiy eao trong dat d thdi diem sau thu hoach.
Tdng mat sd vi smh vat hieu khi d' nghiem thiic bdn phan hda hoc khdng cao hon cd y nghia so vdi nghiem thiic tudi nude thai. Mat sd Coliforms va E coh 0 nghiem thiie tudi nude thai cao hon cd y nghia so vdi nghiem thiic bdn phan hda hgc. Tdng mat sd vi sinh vat hieu khi, mat sd Cohfonnsva E. coh cung
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020
KHOA HOC COI
CO khuynh hudng gia tang theo thoi gian trdng dua leo.
4.2. Kidn nghi
De ling dung tdt hon trong thuc te. can nghien eiiu quy trinh tudi nuoc thai trong dieu kidn ndng dp dam trong nude thai sau tui li khi sinh hpc khdng dn dinh va nen nghien ciiu sii dung nuoe thai sau tui li khi smh hge tudi theo quy trinh tu dong cho dua leo hoac eac eay trong khac.
TAI UEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguydn Quang Dung, 2011. Khao sat ngudi sii dung khi sinh hge 2010 - 2011. Chuong trinh khi sinh hoc cho nganh chan nuoi Viet Nam 2007 - 2012.
Ha Ndi. 43 trang.
2. Nguydn Quang Kliai va Nguydn Gia Lugng, 2010. Cdng nghe khi smh hoe chuyen khao. NXB I-Choa hoe Tu nhidn va Cdng nghe.
3. Nguydn Diic Lugng va Nguyen Thi Thiiy Duong, 2003. Cdng nghe sinh hoe mdi trudng tap IL NXB Dai hoc Qude giaTP. Hd Chi Minh.
4. Biii Thi Nga. Pham Viet Nu, Taro Izumi, 2015.
Chat luong nude thai ciia md hinh khi sinh hgc. Tap ehi Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn. Sd 258 va 259. Trang 101-107.
5. Nguyen Thi Kidu Phuong, 2011. Danh gia kha nang hap thu dam va lan n"ong nude thai biogas bang tro trau, tro than da. Luan van tdt nghiep thac si nganh Khoa hpc mdi h-udng. Trudng Dai hge Can Tho-.
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N O N G NGHIEP VA PHAT TPIEN N O N G THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020
KHOA HOC CONG NGHE
CHARACTERISTICS OF NTTROGEN AND MICROOGANISMS IN CUCUMBER PLANTING SOIL FERTILIZED BY EFFLUENT OF BIOGAS DIGESTER
Nguyen Cong Thuan, Nguyen Phuong Thao, Nguyen Hoang Duy, Dang Thanh TTiao, Bui Thi Nga Summary
This research evaluated charactenstics of ammonia, nitrate, density of aerobic inicroorganisnis. Coliforms and E. coli in cucumber planting soil watered by effluent of biogas digester lo assess utilization of the biogas digester effluenl as a liquid organic fertilizer in cucumber cultivation. The experiment included treatment 1 as control treatment (soil watered by canal water). Ueatmenl 2 (soil feilihzed by chemical fertilizer with dose of nitrogen as recommended), and Ueatmenl 3 (soil walerd by the biogas digester effluent with nitrogen dose as 75% nitrogen dose applied in the treatment 2). Concenlradons of N-NH/, N- NOI and total density of aerobic microorganisms in soils were identified at time of prior to planting, 15, 30, 45 days after planting and after harvesting. Densites of Coliforms VR E. coliin soils were only identified at time of before planting and after harvesting. The results showed the difference in the yields between die treatment 2 and the treatment 3 was not significant. The concenUations of N-NH,' va N-NO, tended to be higher significantly m soils fertilized by chemical fertilizer in comparision with soils watered by the effluent.
The concentrations of N-NH,,' in soils fluctuated depending on stages of cucumber grovrth, and tended lo be low at time of after harvesting. The concentrations of N-NO, in soils tended lo increase by the time, and nitrate accumulated in soils after harvesting. The total density of aerobic microorganisms in soils in the treatment applied with chemical fertilizer was not higher significantly than those in the treatment applied with the effluenl. Tlie densities of Coliforms and E. coh m soils in the Ueatmenl watered by tlie effluent were higher significantly than those in the treatment fertilized by chemical fertilizer. The densities of aerobic microorganisms, Coliforms and E. coli tended to increase by time, therefore, soil hygiene after hai-vesling is necessary to reduce die densities of Coliforms and E. cob. Based on the charactencs of the yield and mUogen in soils, utilization of the effluent of biogas digester to plant cucumber al households is feasible.
Keywords: Aerobic microorganism. Coliforms, cucumber, £. coli, effluent torn biogas digester.
Ngudi phan bien: PGS.TS. Ld Diic Ngay nhan bai: 01/10/2019 Ngay thdng qua phan bidn: 01/11/2019 Ngay duyet dang: 8/11/2019
NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 1 + 2 - THANG 2/2020 33
