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U'NG DUNG GIS TRONG X A Y DU'NG M 6 HINH 3D PHUC VU CHO QUY HOACH KHONG GIAN DO THj QUAN H A I CHAU.
THANH PH6 DA NXNG
NGUYEN BICH NGOC'^*, DAO OI>C HU'dNG'^', TRAN THI PHU'DNG"' ''^Trw&ng D^i hoc Nong Lam Hue
"'Cdng ty Tai nguyen va Moi truvmg miin Nam
T6m tat:
Myc tieu cua nghien cwu niy ii xay dwng ban do 3D-GIS hien tai va twang lai cua quin Hai Chiu, thanh pho Ba Ning. Bai viit trinh biy mot phwang phip toan di$n, da ung dung cdng nghe GIS, GPS vi RS cung vai swphat then cua 3D-GIS de quan ly dd thi dw&i dang 3 chiiu v&i nhimg hi§u wng vi tinh nang quan ly manh, kha nang chia se thdng tin & moi nai mot each Hnh hoat, tao nen bw&c dot phi trong quin ly khdng gian dd thi va quy hoach dd thj, giOp cic nha quin ly cd cii nhin trye quan, chi tiit tieng khu vyc vai nhiiu gdc dp khae nhau. Cic dCr lieu ca ban vi ban do DEM, ban do hien trang, bin dd dja chinh, l&p nha, lop giao thdng va l&p cay xanh lien quan din nghien cwu dwac thu thap. Sw dung phan mim ArcMap va ArcSence di thanh lip dwac bo ca sa dw lieu va ban do 3D khdng gian quin Hii Chau, thinh pho Da Ning hi$n tai va twang lai. Xay dwng ban do 3D-GIS phi^c vi^ quy ho^ch khdng gian dd thi a thanh phd Da Ning ndi chung cung nhw qu$n Hii Chau ndi ridng c6 y nghTa quan trong va can thiit, giup cac nhi quin ly cd cii nhin thyc ti vi thi gi&i thyc, nhiing h^n chi cua kiin true khdng gian dd thi hien tai di tw do c6 dinh hw&ng phu hep cho cdng tie quy hoach dd thj trong twang lai.
1. M d d a u
Hd thdng dd thj tren todn lanh thd nudc ta ndi chung vd thdnh phd Da Ning ndi ridng dang trdn dd phdt triin. Ddng hdnh vdi nd Id sy md rdng phgm vi, dja gidi va xay dyng eg sd hg ting, hodn thidn edc cdng trinh ddn sinh kinh t i ky thuat, try sd ca quan hdnh chinh, thuong mai djch vy, la sy tgp trung dan cu tgi cdc vung trung tam dd thj kdo theo nhieu v i n de khd khdn vd buc bdch cho phat triin b i n vung nhu van ngn giao thdng, d nhiem mdi trudng, thiet ke mgng ludi didn, cung c i p nudc sgch, quy hogch bai d§u xe, quy hogeh khdng gian xanh, cdng trinh edng cdng... D i i u ndy dat ra bdi todn can giai quyit ddi vdi cdc nha hogch djnh chiin luge, nhd quy hogch, nha qudn ly... trong xdy dyng vd phat triin dd thj hidn nay. Hinh thuc qudn ly quy hogeh dd thj
trudc ddy chu y i u dya vao cae ban ve, sa dd hien trgng mgt bang cua edc thua dit, dudi dgng 2D, trdn mpt mat phang vdi cdc khu ehia Id, chia thua rat khd khan trong vide hinh dung cu the vd chi tiet khu vyc qudn ly, khdng gian thuc eua ca sd hg ting.
D i gidi quyit v i n d i nay, nhiiu nghien cuu trdn t h i gidi va trong nude da ung dyng edng nghe GIS, GPS va RS cung vdi su phdt trien cua 3D-GIS d i qudn ly dd thj dudi dgng 3 chieu vdi nhdng hieu ung vd tinh ndng quan ly manh, kha ndng chia se thdng tin d mpi nai mpt each linh hoat, tgo ndn mdt budc dot pha trong qudn ly khdng gian dd thj va quy hogeh dd thj, giup cdc nhd qudn ly cd cdi nhin true quan, ehi tiet tung khu vuc vdi nhiiu gdc dp khae nhau. Xay dyng ban dd 3D-GIS phyc vu quy hogch khdng gian dd thj d thanh phd Dd Ning noi chung cDng nhu khu vuc qugn Hal Chau ndi ridng
TAP CHl KHOA HOC 0 0 OAC VA B A N D6 S6 19-3/2014 47
cd y nghTa quan trpng va d n thilt, giup c i e n h i quan ly cfl cai nhin thuc le v l t h i gifl'i thuc, nhifng hgn c h i cOa kiln tnje khflng gian dfl thj hiin tai de tip dd ed dinh huo'ng phu hpp chc cflng t i e quy hogch dd thj trong typng lai.
2. DiF lieu va phupng p h i p nghien Clfu
2.1. Mo ta vLing nghien cu>u Quin Hai Chiu la mpt trpng 8 quan, huyen eua thanh phd Da Nang, n i m p tmng t i m thinh phd, trai d i i theo hg luu phia t i ngan sdng H i n , vol 13 don vj hanh ehinh c i p phupng: Hai Chau 1, Hai C h i u 2, Thach Thang, Thanh Blnh, Thuin Phupc, Hcg Thuin Tay, H p i Thuan Bflng, Nam Dupng, Phypc Ninh, Binh Thuan, Binh Hien, Hpg Cud'ng Nam, Hoa Cudng Bae.
2.2. Dif lieu nghien clfu
- Ngudn dD" lieu khflng gian: 31 tp ban dd dja chinh ty le 1/5000 dupc thinh l i p nam 2010 v i b i n dp Hien trgng sir dgng d i t qggn Hai Chiu n i m 2010 dypc thg t h i p tip phdng Qgy hoach cua Trung t i m do dac thinh phd Da Nang.
- Ngudn dy lieu thupe tinh: Bao gdm c i c bing sd lieu dl kem vol sd lieu khong gian ke tren v i c i c sd lieu khic v l dilu kien thpi tilt-khi hau, vj tri dia ly; sd lieu thdng ke v l dilu kien kinh te-xa hpi; tinh hinh phit triin kinh t l x i hpi cOa phuo'ng; Cac bieu thdng ke d i t dai cua phudng, thu thip sd mgc ke, sd dja chinh, nien giam thdng ke, diiu ehinh quy hogch ehung eiia thinh phd Da Ning d i n n i m 2020 t i m nhin d i n nam 2050, c i c bao eao quy hogch sir dgng d i t q u i n H i i Chau; cae sd lieu v l Idp nha, giao thdng v i c i y xanh thu thap tip dilu tra thue dja.
2.3. Phupng p h i p nghien ciru - Phupng phip dilu tra, thu t h i p sd lieu thCr d p : D i l u tra, thu thgp eae thflng tin v l tinh hinh kinh t l - x i hpi ciia qugn Hai Chau
qua cac bap cae hang nam. Thu t h i p va bien tap eac ban dd lien quan phgc vg cho viec x i y dung mo hinh 3D p khg vyc nghien eifu gflm ban dd djg hinh, ban dd dia chinh, ban dd hien trgng sif dgng d i t
- Phypng phip dieu tra, thu thgp sd lieu SP d p : Kiem tra dp chinh xac eua sd liiu, chinh ly v i bd sung c i e nggdn thflng tin khflng gian v i thgpc tinh b i n g cich di da ngpgi cfl s y trp giup cOa dgng eg he thdng djnh vi t o i n e i g (GPS), bam d i l m vj tri cay xanh. Ben cgnh dd, sd lieu dupe thu th|p thing qug eong t i e khip sat thuc dja, phdng v i n chO sir dgng d i t v i e i c cin bg lam cflng t i e ehgyin men cd lien qgan den rinh vye nghien eO'g p thinh phd B i Nang.
Tdng sd hp d i l g tra la 73 vpi viee sir dung bang hdi b i n e i g . C i c hp dype lya chpn nglu nhien thep tieg ehi: l i nhD'ng hp nha eao t i n g v i nam trpng vue qgy hogch khflng gian trong tuong lgi.
- DO' lieu thu thgp dypc xg' ly bing phin Excel, Mgpinfe v i ArcGIS: Sip dgng phan m i m ArcGIS de tgo b i n dd DEM, sip dgng Mapinfo x i y dyng co so dip lieu diu vio nhy bien tap ban dd dja ehinh, ban dd hi?n trgng SLP dgng dit, Ipp n h i , Idp gigo thflng va eay xanh. Phin mem Excel dypc sir dgng d l tcng hpp sd lieg sau khi dilu tra.
- Ban dd nen dydi dgng 2D dypc thu thap tip nhilu ngudn khic nhau: tip ban d6 sd, ban do giiy hoae sd hda tip i n h viln t h i m ed dp phan giii cap k i t hpp ban di dgng DEM v i vpi c i e d i l m tpa dp dypc do b i n g GPS nham n i n anh, x i c djnh them tpa dp cac ffia v i t phu hpp vpi thue te. DO' ll?ii ban d i u dupe b i i n tap fl' mfli trudng ArcMap. Dudi d i y l i quy trinh xay dyng m6 hinh 3D ap dgng cho khg vyc nghien ciru:
(Xem hinh 1)
3. Ket qua nghien cu'u v i thao lugn 3.1. Xay d ^ n g c c sd' dir lieu khdng gian v i thuoc tinh
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DO DAC VA B A N B 6 S 6 19-3/2014
Do dac, Bdn do vd cdc ngdnh lien quan
Tbu Ihiip itguoii thof^ tin
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I CCaclo3it>and6 + Ban do hi«n trwig qu9ii Hiu Chau + Ban do dia cliinh qiian Hai Chan
E)ii;u lia. khao sat thnc te
X i y dvng dSi li^u khong gian
ThM^bnttioi^ke
Thanlt lap CSDL tieii GIS
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X i y dpng d&Iica thupe tinh
NliapcKi lien qua .AicMap
Xay dpng mo hinh s6 d9 cao DEM
Xa>' dinig mo tuiili .^D tien .AicSence
Hinh 1: Quy trinh xiy dyng md hinh 3D tren GIS
3.1.1. Xay dyng cc sd' dip li$u khong gian
Trong GIS, ca sd du lipu ludn bao gdm 2 phin dd Id du lipu khdng gian vd du lieu thu0c tinh, hai phan nay ludn lien k i t chat che vdi nhau tgo thanh mot ca sd du lipu dja ly. Trong nghien cuu ndy, su dyng phin mem GIS d i tgo ra ca sd du lieu khdng gian bao gdm Idp dCr lieu thua dit, Idp du lipu giao thdng (cdc dudng giao thdng trong khu vyc), Idp du li$u nhd nam ben trong Idp thua d i t dw(}fc xdy dyng de cung c i p thdng tin v i hi#n trgng nhd d vd Idp cay xanh bao gdm cdc diim GPS dyge xdc djnh trdn khu vyc nghidn cuu.
Dd lidu d i u vdo Id bdn dd dja ehinh d dgng sd eua qu$n Hai Chau do phdng Quy hogch cua Trung tdm do dgc thanh phd Da Ning cung c i p , bdn dd dugc xdy dyng tren phin m i m Microstation. Su dyng phin
mem Famis de chuyin cae td ban dd dja chinh sang dgng Shape.file. Ldp ban dd duge chuyin sang dgng ndy se ddm bao giu dugc d i y du cdc du lipu thudc tinh di kem, ddng thdi ed t h i chuyen sang Mapinfo hay Arcgis deu duge. fXem hinh 2, 3, 4)
3.1.2. Xay dyng cof sd dip liiu thupe tinh
Ben cgnh du lieu khdng gian, co sd dtp lieu eua GIS khdng t h i thiiu du lipu thudc tinh tgo thanh CSDL thudc tinh cua Idp nhd, Idp giao thdng va Idp cay xanh.
Thudc tinh cua cae thua dit tren ban dd dja chinh duge tdng hgp tu sd mue ke, sd dja chinh, sd dang ky dat dai, sd c i p giay Chung nhan quyin su dyng dit, chinh ly theo sd theo ddi biin ddng dit dai, thdng tin sd tang nhd hien tgi vd tuang lai duge thu thap tu phieu dieu tra. (Xem bing 1. 2, 3)
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Bo d^Cf Bdn do vd cac ngdnh lien quan
Hinh 2: L&p Strong giao thong qugn Hai Chau. Da N^ng
Hinh 3; Ldp nhi quitn Hai Chiu. Bd Ning
Hinh 4: Ldp cay .vanh qugn Hal Chiu. Bi Ning
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DO DAC VA B A N D 6 S6 19-3/2014
Sang 1: Bang thudc tinh the hien thong tin lap nha
Ten trirdng CSDL
ID
Ghichu
Tang
Tangtuonglai
Kieu trudng
Integer
Character (10)
Integer
Integer
Giai thich
The hien so t h u t y thua d i t The hien mgc dich su' dyng cua thua d i t va dirge ghi b i n g hp thong ky hieu quy (^nh tai Thdng t u 29
cua Bp TN&MT
T h i hipn sd t i n g cua ngoi nha d hipn tai The hien sd tang ciia ngoi nha se thay ddi trong
tirang lai
Bang 2: Bang thugc tinh the hi^n thdng tin lap Ciy xanh
T§n tru'dng CSDL
ID
X
Y
Kieu triFdng
Integer
Decimal (10,2)
Decimal (10,2)
Giai thich
The hipn sd t h d t y cua cay xanh
Tga dO X cua cay
Toa dg Y cua cdy
Bing 3: Bang thudc tinh the hien thdng tin lop giao thdng
Tgn trudng CSDL
Id
Tenduong
K i i u trudng
Integer
Character (10)
Giai thich
Sd t h u t y
Ten day du cua dudng giao thong
TAP CHl KHOA HOC BO OAC VA B A N O 6 S 6 19-3/2014
Do i^. Ban do vd cac ngdnh lien quan
3.2. Xay dung mo hinh 3D phuc vu cho 3.2.2. Xay dung lap be mat giao thong quy hogch do thj cua quan Hai Chau va cay xanh
3.2.1. T^o md hinh so hoa do cao DEM cho khu vuc nghien ciru
Trgy c i p vao trang web http://gdem.ers- dae.jspaeesystems.cr.jp/lpgin.jsp d l dpwipad DEM cga qggn Hai Cliig. Sag dd, diing ArcMap d l bien t i p v i tgp rg b i n dd DEM cho khg vyc nghien cipg. (Xem hinh 5)
Sif dung ArcScene trong Arcgis de x i y dyng mfl hinh 3D, dau t i i n tgo Idp be mat 3D gdm ipp giao thflng v i Ipp cay xanh, Ldp c i y xanh t h i h i i n gem eae diem tpa dJ X,Y va giao thdng, hai Id'p nay se dupc chdng x l p len nhgu. (Xem hinh 6)
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Hinh 5: Mo hinh DEM sau khi dime cit theo vung nghien cuu
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Hinh 6: Mo hinh 3D cua ldp cay xanh vi giao thong
TAP CHl KHOA HOC 0 0 OAC VA B A N B 6 S 6 19-3/2014,
3.2.3. Xay dyng l&p be mat nha Do ddi tugng la cac cdng trinh xdy dyng (nha cua) ed them thudc tinh dp cao (ting nhd) nen ta tien hdnh Idm thdm budc t h i hipn dd eao trdn md hinh 3D. Dp cao t i n g nhd dugc dieu tra, khdo sat thyc te d khu vyc nghien euu k i t hgp sd lieu thu thgp t u Sd Xdy dung Da Nang. (Xem hinh 7)
3.2.4. Xay dyng mo hinh 3D quan Hai Chau
Tien hanh chdng ghdp ede bdn dd: DEM, ban dd 3D giao thdng va eay xanh, ban dd 3D cdc tang nha se tao ra ban dd khdng gian ba chiiu the hien khdng gian do thj eua qudn Hai Chdu. Tuy nhien, mau eua edc Idp ddi tugng da dugc bien tap Igi de dd ddng phan biet dugc dp cao ey t h i eua chung.
(Xem hinh 8, 9)
Hinh 7: Mo hinh 3D cua lop nha
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Hinh 8: Md hinh 3D cua khu vifc nghien ciru
TAP CHi KHOA HOC 0 0 BAC VA BAN D 6 SO 19-3/2014
Do dac, Bdn ^ vd cdc nj^dnh lien quan
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Hinh 9: /Wo hinh 3D hiin thj theo muc dich sw dung cua quan Hal Chau
3.3. DIP bao khong gian kien true do t h | quan Hai Chau
Qua k i t qua didu tra khdo sat vd quy hogeh khdng gian dd thj qugn Hdi Chdu d i n nam 2020, ed t h i nhdn thiy diem nhin kiin true cua qugn Hdi Chdu Id uu tien phat triin chieu cao khdng gian trong tuang lai, sd lugng nha cao t i n g se nhieu han va the hien rd trdn khu vuc khao sdt Id d cac tuyin dudng Bgch Dang, Le Duan, Nguyen Chi Thanh, Phan Chau Trinh. Ddi vdi tuydn dudng Bgch Dang, day la con dudng chinh cua quan ndi ridng va Da Nang ndi chung, con dudng ndy ed vj t h i dep, la tuydn dudng du Ijch cua qudn nen trong tuang lai sd lugng khach sgn mpe Idn se cang nhidu vdi muc dich kinh doanh nhu khaeh san Nevotel, Khu trung tam mua sdm chg Hdn se duge nang c i p cdi tgo, Nha lam vide eOa cue Hai quan Da Nang. Cde tuydn dudng cdn Igi chu y i u thay ddi d i ddp ung cde nhu c i u : sinh hogt gia dinh, kidm thdm thu nhap thdng qua hinh thuc xay dung nha cho thud, hodc kinh doanh d ting dudi, sinh hogt d ting tren. (Xem hinh 10)
Nhu vay, k i t qua nghien cuu da xdy dung dugc bp ca sd du lieu ca ve khdng gian va thudc tfnh cua he thdng nha d, ca sd ha ting d qugn Hai Chdu, Da Ndng, ung
dyng md hinh 3D eua GIS phue vy cdng tac quan ly khdng gian do thj. Tren eg sd kit qud cua nghien cuu ndy, cdc Ban ngdnh chue nang ed lien quan d i n cdng tac quy hogch khdng gian dd thj tren dja ban qugn Hai Chau ndi rieng va thdnh phd Da Nang ndi chung ed the dua ra dinh hudng phat trien khdng gian dd thi phii hgp vdi dgc diem va mue tidu cua dja phuong.
|9.10 U'lS 16-17
|1S-S
Hinh 10: Mo hinh d u bao khdng gian kien true do thi quin Hai Chau den nim 2020
4. K i t luan
Cae U'ng dgng^trong Arcgis da x i y dyng Ihanh cflng b i n dd khong gian dfl thj d dgng
54 TAP CHl KHOA HOC 0 0 OAC VA B A N 0 6 S6 19-3/2014
3D eho qudn Hai Chau, thdnh phd Da Nang.
Cac k i t qua cua qua trinh nghidn cuu Id bd CO sd du lieu duge xay dung t u dtr lieu khdng gian gdm ban dd dja ehinh, ban dd hien trgng, dtr lieu tpa dd GPS cay xanh, nhd vd Idp ban do giao thdng vdi day dD cdc thdng tin tip du lieu thudc tinh, duge thu th$p tu edc eg quan, ban ngdnh lidn quan vd sd lidu tu dieu tra phdng van. Vdi bd ea sd du lipu va ban dd 3D da xay dung dugc, nghien euu ndy cd t h i giOp cho cae nhd quan ly cd cai nhin khach quan han ve thyc trang khdng gian dd thj cua qu^n Hai Chdu, gdp phin giup cdc nhd hogeh dinh chinh sdch dua ra ede chien luge phdt triin khdng gian dd thj trong tuang lai.O
Tdi lidu tham khao
[1]. Nguydn Trin C i u , Tip bii giang Ban do hoc hi$n d^i vi md hinh hda ban dd, Khoa Dia ly, Trudng DH KHTN/ DHQG Ha Ndi, 2005.
[2]. Luce Morin, Kadi Bouatouch, Vers une reconstruction 3D de zones uitaines:
mise en correspondance de donnees Gps, Sig et Video, Rennes- France, 2007
[3]. Nguydn Van Ldc, GIS 3D CITY-giai phap m&i cho quin ly ha ting dd thi, cdng ty TNHH Ky thugt mdi tardng Viet An, 2012.
[4]. Nguydn Disc Tup, Cdng nghe md phong va khi nang sin xuit ban do 3D, Trung Tam GIS - Cyc ban dd Tdng tham muu. 2010
[5]. Quach Ddng Thing, &ng dung cic cong cu md hinh hda hd tra nghien cwu dd thi, Vidn nghien euu phdt triin TP Ho Chf Minh, Trung tam ling dyng GIS, 2012
[6]. Luang Thj Van, Kit hap Arcgis va Google sketchup trong xiy dwng ban dd 3D GIS phuc vu nghien cwu vi giing day & cac trwang dai hoc, cao ding. Khoa dja ly - dja chinh, trudng dgi hpc Quy Nhan, 2012.0 Summary
GIS application on establishing 3D model for urban spatial planning in Hai Chau District, Da Nang City
Nguyen Bich Ngod^', Dao Due Huong'", Tran Thi Phuong'"
'^'Hue University of Agriculture and Forestry
'^'Resources and Environment Company in Southern Vietnam, IvIONRE
The cbjective of this study is establishing current and future 3D-GIS map of Hai Chau district. Da Nang city. This study presents a comprehensive methodology, applied GIS and GPS combine with the growth of 3D-GIS for urban spatial management in the form of three- dimensional effects and power management features, ability to share information in a flex- ible way, creating a new breakthrough in the management of urban space and urban plan- ning, to help managers look visually detailed each area with many different angles. The basic data on DEM, landuse maps, cadastral maps, the layer of transport, house and tree related research. This study is using ArcMap and ArcSence to set up the database, pres- ent and future 3D map of Hai Chau district. Da Nang city. The management of spatial urban in 3D-GIS environment can have a greatly helps for decision makers and planners on real- ity view about urban spatial patterns in Hai Chau. Based on that, they can make suitable orientations for urban spatial development in the future.O
Ngiynh$n bii: 14/11/2013.
TAP CHl KHOA HOC 0 0 DAC VA B A N D 6 S 6 19-3/2014
