KHOA Hpg^ e f e i i W H o r i f t — = ^
Tap chf GTVT 8/2012u
XAC DjNH MOI QUAN HE GlQfA Vj TBI BAN DAP GA VQfl HANH TBINH CO ICH CUA PIT TONG BOfM CAO AP L A P TBEN DONG COf DIESEL B2
KS. T R A N VAN LUAN P G S . T S . N G U Y I N H O A N G V O Hgc vIgn Ky thugt Quin stf Tom tat: Bii bio trinh biy viic xdy dtfng cdng
thdc xdc dinh mil quan hi d0ng hoc gida vi trf bin d$p ga vdi hdnh trinh cd Ich cua pit tdng bdm cao ip nhdm phuc vg viic tinh toin cic chl tidu kmh td', ndng lugng mdi trddng cua d0ng cd diesel B2 cung nhd md phdng d0ng Idc hgc cda xe trdn toin vOng lim vide (tii vd td'c dd).
Astract: This paper presents the determination of the dynamics relationship dehveen accelerator pedal position with the effective movement of high-pressure- pump piston to calculate the performance and emission characteristics of B2 diesel engine as well as to simulate vehicle dynamics in their whole working area (load and speed).
1. Dgt van de
Vdl he thdng phun nhien lidu (HTPNL) diesel k i l u cd khf t r u y l n t h i n g , dung bdm eao dp (BCA) vgn nang k i l u Bosch, lupng nhien lieu Iy t h u y l t eung d p cho 1 chu trinh cdng tdc (gQ() php thudc chO y l u vao hanh trinh ed ieh (H^j) eua pit tdng phan bPm cao dp.
Trong khi d6, H^j lai phu thu6c vao vj trf tUdng 66i cOa pft tdng BCA so v6i xi lanh.
Trong thuc t l , viec xdc dinh quan he dpng hpe giQa vj tri cOa ban dgp ga (at,^) vdi H^j la khd phUe tap (qua nhieu khdu dan ddng, pft tdng chuyen ddng tinh t i l n va xoay quanh t d m , s u khdc bidt v l hinh dgng vd b l tri cOa ngp/cOa xd tren xi lanh, k i t d u ehi tilt cOa phdn dau pit tdng.0 vd ehUa dUpc d l cdp 6 l n trong cdc tai lidu chuydn nganh.
Khi tfnh cac chl tieu kinh t e , nang IUdng, m6i trudng cOa ddng cd diesel cung nhu khdo sat ddng Ipc hpc c h u y i n ddng cOa xe tren todn vung Idm viec cOa Chung thi vi6c xdc djnh chinh xac ggj ly t h u y l t Ung vdi ede vj tri chdn ga khac nhau (ddc tinh d i l u khiln chan ga eOa ngudi lai) la rat e i n t h i l t
Bdi bdo trinh bay viec xay dpng cdng thQc xac djnh m i i quan he giOa vi trf ban dgp ga a ^ d vdt hdnh trinh ed Ich H^j cOa d d n g eP diesel B2 lap trdn xe T54n'55. Cach tiep c d n ndy hodn todn cd the dp di,ing cho cac BCA cd k i t d u tUdng t p .
2. He thong d i n dpng thanh rang va ket cau pit tong-xi lanh bdm cao ap cOa dpng cd diesel B2
Ddng cd B2 d u n g BCA v g n ndng kieu Bdsch, khdng thay doi hdnh trinh pft tdng, d i l u ehlnh ggt th6ng qua viec thay d l i thdi d i l m k i t thOc cap (thay d l i HQJ) bdng cdeh xoay pit tdng quanh tam (Hlnh 1).
Ddy id k i t d u khd d i l n hlnh, dupe sO dpng n h i l u tren ede phUdng tien cd gidi dUdng bd.
Cau tgo he thdng ddn ddng-dilu k h i l n thanh rdng BCA (c6 nhidm vp xoay pit tdng) dupc trinh bdy trdn Hinh 2. Ta thay, cd d u d i n d d n g - d i l u k h i l n pft tdng BCA ed t h i chia thdnh 2 phan chfnh: tU bdn dgp ga (chi t i l t 1, Hlnh 2) 6 l n thanh rdng BCA vd tU thanh rdng d i n pit tdng BCA.
TU ban 6gp ga d i n thanh rdng dUde lidn k i t bdi cdc khdu ddn ddng nen cd t h i d l ddng xdc dinh quan hd giUa a^tj vdi Hei th6ng qua tfeh s l cde ty s l t r u y l n cua cac khdu ndy Do vdy, bdi bdo chl tap trung xac djnh mdi quan hd giUa vi tri eOa thanh rdng (Xjf.) vdi Hgj cua pit tdng BCA.
Hinh 1. Kit ciu phin bam vd ca cau xoay pit tong a) Kit ciu phin bdm; b) Cd ciu xoay pit tdng;
1-Thanh rdng; 2-Vanh rdng; 3-Pft tdng BCA 3. Xac dmh mdi quan h# gitJTa vj tri cOa thanh rdng vdi hanh trinh cd ich cua pit tdng BCA
Tren hinh 1 ta thdy, khi thanh rang djch e h u y i n mdt doan X^^ se Idm cho vanh rdng dan ddng pft tdng quay mpt cung C^^, pit t6ng BCA se quay mdt cung Opt- Khi bo qua dp rd, mdn, trUdt trong cd d u ndy thi Xtr ludn bang Ccr: x =C
[mm] (1)
vdt: Xjr' hanh trinh thanh rang,[mm]; 0^^- dp dai cung quay eOa cung rang, [mm].
C p , dUdc xdc djnh theo cdng thUe:
ai
KHOA HQC - CONG N G H EC.r=<P,rAr [mm] (2) v6i 9cr, Rgr H goc quay tUdng Ung cOa cung rdng vd bdn kinh cung rdng.
>x /
Viin Uiaiih J
rftiig BCA
1
ne'ii cd cfl"!!cPfdiiili vj Irlchflii gH 1
- 4
v d i : (3- Id gdc vdt c u a ranh c l t tr6n than pft tdng, [rad].
4. Xdc djnh hanh trinh khd di ldn nhi't cija thanh r i n g BCA theo k i t cl^u
BCA vgn ndng dupe t h i l t k l d l c d t h i sO dgng eho mdt hp cdc d i n g ed ed c d n g s u i t ra thay d l i trong mdt khodng n h l t djnh. Khi tdng X^^ se Idm tdng Hpj vd ddn d i n Q^^ tdng l l n . Tuy nhidn, khi dung cho 1 logi d i n g c d cp t h i , hdnh trinh Idm vide ldn nhlt cOa thanh rdng (Xj^ (jm) se bj hgn c h l tUdng Ung v(3i cdng s u i t djnh mUc theo t h i l t k l .
O i l v d i d i n g ed B 2 , Xtr (jrn ='•3.5 ^^ vd hdnh trinh thanh rdng d vj tri khdng tdt (Xt^ kt) '^ ^ ^^ [2].
Cdc kich thudc c d bdn cOa BCA v d c d d u d i n (Jj^ng dupe trinh bdy trong Bdng 1 .
Bing 1. Kich thudc BCA vi c0 du din Odng, f^
Hinh 2. CO du din d0ng-dlSu khiin thanh ring 1. Bdn dap ga. 2, 3. 4- Cd cd'u liin d0ng Gid t h i l t vdnh rdng cd lidn k i t cUng vdi pit t6ng thi g6e quay eOa vdnh rdng tp^f chfnh bdng gdc quay pit
» " " p t > „ = p ,W1 (3)
Mat khac: C^, = « » , , . / ! . , . [mm]
vdi: Rpt -ban kinh pft tc dp dai cung quay pft t6r
T i l ( 1 ) , (2), (3), ( 4 ) t a c 6 : C,,=^.R (4) vdi: Rpt -ban kinh pft tdng phSn bdm, [mm]; Cpt - la dp dai cung quay pft tdng BCA, [mm],
[mm](5)
" R.,'
Hinh 3. Si/Ihay ddl H^ khl Ihay ddl vf tri Ihanh ling Khi d thanh rang d vj tri t^t may th) cCia xS va ranh thoat tren pft tdng (Hlnh 1) iudn S vj tri giao nhau (pit tdng CO t h ^ v i n c h u y i n ddng idn xufiing nhung nhi&n lidu diesei khdng bj nen). Khi thanh rang dich chuyen qua vj trf t^t may thi bSt dau xucit hien Hgj cija pit tdng, dUdc xac djnh theo cdng thijfc:
lf„=Cp,"'gfi.lmm] (6)
T i l (4), (5) va (6) ta xac dinh dupc quan hS giOa s i ; thay d6i hanh trtnh co fch cila pft tdng - H^j (Hinh 3) vdi d d djch chuyen thanh rang X j , :
ffa=Y~'ip,''>gP [mm] (7)
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Vj tri ciJa ci!fa x§ va pit tdng BCA khi thanh rang 6 vj trf bSt dSu cdp nhien ii^u va 100% tSi dupc trinll bay trdn Hinh 5.
De xac djnh dupc hanh trinh khS dr Idn nh^t cfia thanh rang theo kd't cau (Xj^ max)- ^ ^ h ^^^ ' ' i " ^ ^ ^ vj tri bat dSu nen nhidn li$u, v| tri Clng vdi hanh trinh c6 fch Idn nhat cCia pit tdng -H^i , „ j p , (Hinh 5).
- Xic dinh khoing cich CD (Hlnh 4 ) : Ta c d :
CD = OM = OF-MF . MF = DMjagP DM = OC = a.R„,
VI vay: CD = h, -a.R^Jagfi [mm]
vdi: - gdc tfnh t i l tSm vSu ham dSn mep ranhij|t nhiSn lidu (theo c h i l u kim ddng h6), [dd].
Thay cSc s d lidu lien quan ( B i n g 1) vao (8), taco:
C D = 2,379 (mm).
T G
1. Bit diu dp nhiin li$u; 2. Vi trf 100% t..
Hinh 5. Vi trlcUfa xa vi pit tdng khi thanh ring d vl tri bat diu dp nhiin li$u vi 100% til j
KHOA H p N - e e N G - N G F T f -
Tap chl GTVT 8/2012 1 1
- So sinh dddng kfnh cda xi D^.^ vi khoing cich CD:
Ta thay: D Q ^ =3 mm > CD. Do vdy, vj trf pft tdng khi bdt 6 l u ndn nhien lidu se dupe xdc dinh nhu tren Hinh 5 (vi trf 1). Tgi vi trf 1, H d i = 0.
X\jf max s^ "^dpc xac dinh theo edng thUc (7) vdi Hgi fTiax '^ ^ 1 '^^^ ^^^^ IJ (Hinh 5).
//cniax
•^^^ax = - ^ — . ^ „ . c o t f l g / 9 [ m m ] (g) Thay cdc sd lidu lidn quan (Bdng 1) vdo (9) ta ed:
Xtr rnax= 28,428 (mm). Ddy id dU lidu c i n t h i l t d l xdc dinh hdnh trinh du trU cua thanh rdng BCA (dp trU v l lupng nhien Ii§u cung d p cho 1 chu trinh) trdn ed s6 hdnh trinh dmh mUc cOa thanh rdng.
5. Ket qud ti'nh toan
D l i vdi ddng ed B2, gdc quay bdn dgp chdn ga -
^^ ndm trcng khddng 60-=-70° (tuy thudc vdo sU d i l u chlnh hd thong ddn d6ng vd dd rd cdc khdu khdp).
mm^Trdn cd sd cdc cdng thUe da xdy dung, k i t Bang 2. Mdl quan h$ gida Xf^ tppf, H^j vd g^f t/ieoa5(j
kh6ng tdi d i n 100% tdi) dupc trinh bay trong Bdng 2 vd Hlnh 6.
- g^tgim^ l[., (mm)
T T 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1
I S 2 2 2 7 3 1 3 6 4 0 4 4 4 9 5 3 5 8 6 0
(iiini) 4 5 fi 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 13.5
<ft.i 1 G.98 2 1.22 25.46 29.71 3 3.95 3 8,20 4 Z 4 4 46.69 50.93 55.17 5 7 3 0
il,<
0.'J4 1.18 1,4 1 1,65 1.89 2.12 2.36 2.59 2,83 3.06 3.18
H.i,* l h ^ ^ e i 74,04l 92,.'i.Sl 1 11.06 129,57 148,Ce 1 06,59 I 85. in 2Ce.6l 222.12 240.63 2 4 9 ^ 9 qud tinh toan moi quan he giOa hdnh trinh thanh rang X^r (mm), gdc quay pft tdng BCA (ppj, hanh trinh cd fch cua pft tdng BCA HQ, (mm) va lUpng nhien lieu ly thuylt (chua tinh d i n rd ipt tgt BCA vd vdi phun) cung d p cho 1 chu trinh g^,) (mm^) theo vj trf ciia chdn ga
<*bd (^1) ^''019 ' o d n bd ddi lam viec cua BCA (tU
Hinh 6. Stf thay doi cua H^j vd p^^ theo a^^^
Cde k i t qud tinh todn thu dUpc Id phu hpp vdt ddc tinh ky thudt cua BCA l i p tren ddng cO diesel B2 [2].
6. K i t ludn
Trdn cd s6 cae edng thUe da xdy dpng se cho phep xac djnh dupc hdnh trinh ed fch cua pft tdng BCA Ung vdi v| trf chdn ga bat ky. Ddy Id dQ lidu d i u vao quan trong dijng de tfnh todn quy luat eung cap nhien lieu va eae chl tieu kinh t l , nang lupng, m6i trudng cua ddng cd diesel B2 tren toan vung lam viec [1]. Dong thdi, cacnhUng dU lieu thu dUdceung dupc dung d l xay dUng "Dac tinh dieu khiin chdn get' eCia ngudi Idl nham md ph6ng ddng Ipe hpc chuyen ddng eua xe sat vdi thUe t l van hdnh [3] Q
Tai lieu t h a m khdo
[1]. Thuyet minh de tdt NCKH vd PTCN cap Nhd nudc "Nghiin cdu sd dung nhidn liiu diesel sinh hoc (BIO va B20) cho phdOng tidn cOgidl quin sd', ma so:
DT.06.12/NLSH.
[2]. Tdt lieu ky thudt cua dpng ed diesel B2.
[3]. Phgm Trung Kien, N g u y i n Dinh Tuan, N g u y i n Hoang Vu; Hodn thiin md hinh khii ddng cd diesel trong Matlab & Simulink phuc vg md phdng ddng Idc hgc xe tang; T g p chf Khoa hpc & Ky thudt/Hoe vien Ky thudt Qudn sp, thang 8/2012.
[4]. N g u y i n Trong Hidp, Gido trinh Chi tiit miy.
Tap I, Nxb Gido dpc.
sir DUNG BE TONG X I M A N 6 . . .
(Tiip theo trang 14) ces in Concrete Technology.
[13]. Evaluation of the Effect of Poriand Cement Alkali Content, Fly A s h , Ground Slag and Silica Fume on Alkali - Silica Reactivity; Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, Vol. 2 1 , December, 1999.
i14]. V.IW. Malhotra, Making Concrete "Greener"
With Fly Ash, Concrete International. The Magazine of the American Concrete Institute. May 1999, Volume 21, Numbers.
[15]. Zapata, P and J . A. Gambatese (2005).
"Energy Consumption of Asphalt and Reinforced Con- crete." Pavement Materials and Construction; ASCE.
[16]. John Newman, Ban Seng Choo (2003): Ad- vanced Concrete Technology (Testing and Quality).
[17]. FHWA-PL-07-027, Kathleen Hall, American Trade Initiatives (2007), Long-Life Concrete Pave- ments in Europe and Canada, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Natio- nal Cooperative Highway Research Program.
[18]. FHWA HlF-07-004, Dale Harrington (2007), Intergrated Materials and Construction Pratices for Concrete Pavement, U.S Department of Transportta- tion Peroral Highway Administration.
