NGHIEN ClitU Li LUAN
UING DUNG PHiraNG PHAP Nld TOPSIS TRONG OANH GIA CHAT LI/ONG CUA GIANG VIEN
NGUYEN QUYET - TrUdng Cao dang T^l chlnh H^i quan TP. H6 Chi Mlnli Email: nguyenquyetld [email protected]
LE HOANG V I £ T PHUONG - Trudng Oai hoc Cong nghiep TP. Ho Chi Minh Email: [email protected]
Torn tdt: Bdi viit gidi thieu phuong phdp md TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) vd tfng dung no trong viee ddnh gid hogt ddng gidng day eua gidng vien. Thuat todn TOPSIS duac cdi tien vd dp dung tren dtfiieu md theo 7 bUde: Bude 1. Xep hang cdc tieu ehl, Budc 2. Tim ma trdn quyet dmh; Budc 3: Chudn hoa ma trdn quyet dmh; Bade 4: Tim trong so eua ma trdn chuan hoa; Budc 5: Tim nghiem li tudng mddUOng vd dm; Budc 6: Khodng cdch mci cua mdl lUa chon ttf nghiem II tudng md duong vd dm; Budc 7- Tim he sd khodng cdch md. Cdc trudng dai hoc d Viet Nam dd thuc hien ddnh gid hoat dpng gidng dgy cua gidng vien nham muc dich nang cao chdt luang ddo tgo vd ndng eao chat luang ngudi hoe trong xu the hdi nhdp kmh tequoc te ngdy cdng sdu rong.
Ttf khoa: Phuang phdp md TOPSIS; ddnh gid; chdt luong; gidng vien.
(Nhdn bdi ngdy 10/02/2011; Nhdn kit qud phan bien vd chinh stfa ngdy 09/3/2017; Duyet ddng ngdy 25/04/2017) 1. Oat van de
Trong xu the hdi nhlp kmh te qudc te ngly cang slu rdng, Viet Nam dang ddi dien vdi nhdng thich thde khdng nhd, Oe hdi nhap thanh edng, nen gilo due (GD) can ed nhdng chinh sleh thay ddi can bin nhlm nang cao chit luong (CL) dao tao (OT), trong dd can Uu tien dau tu nlng cao CL ngUdi hoe vdi ki vong tao ra ngudn nhln luc CL cao dap dng nhu cau phIt tnen kinh te - xa hdi trong thdi ki mdi Giang vien la nhln td quan trong nhlt anh hudng den thanh tich ciia ngudi hoc [l].Vi vay, vdi muc dich nang cao CL OT, td nhieu nam qua, eae trudng dai hoc (OH) tren the gidi da thuc hien danh gil (OG) hoat ddng (HO) giang day ciia giang vien. Trong nhdng nam gan day, cac trudng OH ciia Viet Nam da bat dIu thuc hien HD nay, dae btet sau khi Bd GD&OT ban hanh edng van 1276/BGDOT nam 2008 ve viec Hudng din td chdc lay y kien ngudt hoc ddt vdi HO gilng day ciia giang vien thi HO nay duac trien khai hau het tai cac trudng cao ding va OH tren el nude
Tuy nhien, OG giang day la mdt cdng viec khi mdi me ddi vai GD OH nudc ta ca ve li luin lan thuc tien, Trong thUc te, viee DG HO giang day ciia giang vien hien nay cdn mang tinh hinh thde, thieu khach quan v l ddi khi ehua chinh xac [2] Do dd ket qui ciia HO DG gilng day cita giang vien da khdng mang nhieu y nghia nhu mong dai ma ddi khi cdn kim ham su phan dau vuon len ciia ddi ngu giang vien, Susai lech trong ket qua OG HO gilng day xuat phat td nhteu nguyen nhan khae nhau.
Mdt trong nhdng nguyen nhan dan den su thieu chinh xac la phuong phap phan tich sd lieu vi day thudng la nhdng ket qui do lUdng cac khai mem va tieu chi dinh tmh, mo hd trdu tuong Vi vay, can ed phuong phap thich hop de xd li dd lieu trong qua trinh OG Trong gioi han bai viet nay, tac gil gidi thieu phuong phap mdTOPSIS va Ung dung no trong OG HO giang day ciia gilng vien.
2. Tong quan li thuyet 2.1. Li thuyit md
Li thuyet mdduoe Zadeh gtdi thieu lan dau vao nam 1965 dung de giai quyet van de hen quan den nhdng rinh hudng sd lieu khdng chinh xac hoac khdng chic chan Oen nay, edng cu t o l n hoc nay dUOc dng dung rat manh trong cac nganh GD, Kinh te, Tli chinh quan tri, dac biet II trong md hinh quyet dmh da tieu chi. Sd md (khoang md) la mdt khli mem dung de dien ta mdt sd (mdt khoang) xap xt mdt sd hay mdt khoing sd thUc.
Goi A la mdt sd md (tip md) tren tap tdng so thuc R thi .A e r\(R) va h i m thanh vien ciia A cd dang
M^ : R - > ( 0 ; l j Ham thinh vien ludn cd tinh chuan, loi va thudng cd ba dang. Tam giac, hinh thang v l hinh chudng Tuy nhien, trong thuc te, dang sd md tam gile thudng duoc sddung phd bien (Hinh 1).
Hinh 1-Hdm thdnh vien dang tam gidc Ham thanh vien ).^(\) cd dang
1 b - a
\ <a a < x < b
2 S • KHOA HOC GIAO DUG
NGHIEN ClitU Li LUAN I
So md tam giac duoc xac dmh bdi ba tham so a, b, c;ki hieu la A(a, b,c).Trong ngdcanhcu the, cac tham sd cua sd md bidu dien cac khat niem ngdn ngdthi bien md got 11 bien ngdn ngd (Linguisrie variables). Bien ngdn ngd rat da dang va duae xac dinh dua tren tap bien ca sd. Trong mdt bien ngdn ngd, cae tri ngdn ngd bieu dien xap xi cua bien co sd thi cic tri ngdn ngd nay la cac sd md. Vi dy: Bien ngdn ngd trong DG CL dich vu la kem, binh thudng va tdt hoac trong OG ket qui hoc t i p ciia sinh vien la kem, trung binh, kha, tdt, xuat sic.
2.2. Phuang phap mdTOPSIS
Phuang phap TOPSIS dUpc dng dyng kha phd bien de ra quyet dmh trong trudng hop da tieu chi, y tudng ciia thuat toan nay duoc xay dung tren tap gil tri rd (crisp values set), dua vao nghiem li tudng tieh cUe (PlS-positive ideal solution) v l nghiem litudng tieu cue (NIS-negative ideal solution) [3], PIS la nghiem m l tai dd llm cue dai y nghia va lam cue tieu ton that ciia tieu chi Nguoc lai, NIS la nghiem ma tai dd llm cue dai ton that va lam cue tieu y nghia eua tieu chi, IVldt lUa chon goi la t^t nhat neu lua chpn dd gan nhat vdi PIS va xa nhat vdi NIS 14].
Tuy nhien, thuc te ed nhieu rinh hudng ra quyet dinh vdi thdng tin khdng chac chan, lam cho ngudi ra quyet dinh trd nen do du hoac khdng the gin gia tn ro (crisp values) cho nhdng phan quyet ciia ho [5] Khi dd, ngUdi ra quyet dinh thudng quan tam tdi nhdng phan quyet tren mdt khoang hon la chi ra nhdng gia tn rd cho nhdng phan quyet dd [6], Mat khae, mdt sd tieu ehi OG khdng phai luc nao cung duoc md ta bang gia tri rd trong sudt qua trinh DG, Do vay, thuat toan TOPSIS duoc xay dung tren tap gia tri rd da bdc Id mdt sd han che nhat dmh Oe khae phuc nhdng han che dd, thuat toan TOPSIS duoc cai tien va I p dung tren dd lieu md nhu sau'
BUcrc 1 • Xep hang cac tieu cht
Hdi ddng OG gdm cdK thanh vien (D.,Dj, .,0^), cdn tieu chf (C, Cy. , CJ, hang cua tieu chi duac ki hieu II y^, tam quan trpng ciia moi tieu chiduoc bieu dien bang sd mdtam giac \\ ^^ (a .b .c ) trong dd k=1, 2,..., K , j - ! , 2, ., n, mdl tham sdciiasd mdtam giac duoc xac dmh nhu sau: a = m m ' v i . b = — V \ . c ^ m a x K ! (1)
^ I-..I . K f - ' • ^ ' • "
Sau do, chuan hoa u thu duoc w^ = (\'. ||.w ,,, v. . j . trong dd:
Budc3 Chuan hda ma tranquyet dmh X - j x ^ J bing each tinh cac r^
1
r,^ 1-1.2. ..m va j = 1.2. .n cue tieu dot tuong)
a j = 1.2 n (cue dai ddi tupng)
,1^:
Suy ra ma trln quyet dmh chuan hda:
Budc 4: Tim trong so ciia ma trln chuan hda V = [ \ J ^ , „ . 1 = 1,2. . . m v a j = L 2 , ,.u (5) Trong dd \ „ = r^, xw^, i = 1.2. ,.m \a j=1.2. ,n.
\,. : goi la sd mdtam gilcduong chuan hoa.
BUdc 5 Tim nghiem li tUdng md dUong (A ) va
am [A" j
A =\\' v\ . \ J , C"-(max(\, ).max(v^,,).max(v_^-); (6) A' ^{\ -\:. v l . v; =;miti(\,.).mm|i,.|.min|\ -li (7) Budc 6: Khoang each md cua mdi lua chon td nghiem If tudng md duong va am
. . ^ M .
; ^ ( i - i -Budc 7-Tim he sd khoang cach md CC
Suy ra ma tran \\ =[\\ , w . , .\i Budc 2 Tim ma tran quyet dinh
CC (9)
d +d.
He so nay cho biet khoing each tU mdt lUa chon bat kl tdi nghiem li tudng md. Neu mdt lUa chon cd CC cang Idn tht cang tdt
0139-THANG U2017 * IZ
Q NGHIEN Cljru Li LUAN
Thanh lap hgi dong DG
Xac dirh doi tirong DG
Xac dinli neu chi DG
Xav d(nig ma tran quyei dinh ma
Gan irong so ciia ticu chi DG
: : : 1 _ -_ i -: T : : 7
Tinh diem cua moi doi numg iheo mo TOPSIS
C11 Dya v a o ket q u a OG eiia sinh vten
0.1176 0,0998 0.0909
Xac dinh hang sau ciing
-_ _i _; _i _:: - - -
BG kel qua
(Nguon Tdc gia thiet ke) Hinh 2: Quy trinh DG HD gidng day
theo phuong phap md TOPSIS 3. CTng dung phuo^ng phap md TOPSIS trong danh gia hoat dong giang day cua gidng vien
3.1. Giai dogn 1
Oe mmh hoa cho phuong phap mdTOPSIS, nghien cdu nly sddung sd lieu OG 20 giang vien tai TrUdng Cao Ding Tai Chfnh Hai Quan lam vi du minh hoa, Quy trinh OG duoc thuc hien qua 3 giai doan, Trong gian doan 1, sau khi thanh lap hdi ddng OG cac thanh vien, hdi ddng xay dung cac tieu chi OG (Bang 1) gdm 11 tieu ehi ki hieu t d C,,, C. va ten giang vien duoe ma hda tU A, tdi Aj^, ddi tupng OG duoc chon nglu nhien 20 gilng vien thudc tat c^ cac chuyen nglnh
Bdng 1- Cdc tieu chlDG TT
C1 C2 C3 C4
C5
C6 C7
Tieu chi DG Ndi d u n g bai giang ro rang, mach lac v a d e hieu Phu hop voi DCMH da duac nha trudng t h d n g qua Cap nhat cac kien thuc mdi Truyen Ida c h o nguoi hoc tham gia vao bai giang Tao dieu kien eho nguoi hoc phat huy t m h t u hoc, t u nghien cdu The hien kha nang lam chii cac HO tren Idp Phim b d thdi gian giang h o p li
^ g ' Dien dat rd rang, de nghe, l d e hieu
, 1 Sd d u n g thiet bi cong cu 1 g i l n g day phu hop CIO
Trang phuc lieh sU, Ung x u the hien p h o n g each ciia nha giao
So m d t a m giac j 0 0588
0 1176 0 0588 0 0588
0 0588
0,1176 0 0745 0 0975
0 0745 0 0 7 7 1 0.0732
0 0976 0 1 1 7 6 0 1 0 7 1
0 0909 0,0909
0-0909 0 0909 0 0909
1
0 09091 I 0 09091 0 0588 1 0 0784 | 0 0909
1 1
0 1176 0 1046 J 0 0909 0 1176 0 1 1 5 5 ' 0 0909
1 1
(Nguon. Hoi ddng OG va tdc gia tfnh toan iheo phuong trinh (Ij va Q)}
3.2. Giai dogn 2
Trong giai doan nay, cac thanh vien ciia hdi ddng thue hien OG giang vien de xae dinh ma t r l n quyet dmh md, sau dd gan trpng sd cho tdng tieu ehiOG {Bang 2)
Bdng 2- Ma trdn ket qud DG
A l A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 AS A9 A l O A l l A12 A13 A14 A15 A15 A17 A1B
C l 20 15 10 10 15 20 17 13 15 10 20 17 21 15 12 25 13 23 A19 IS A 2 0 1 1 2 C2 20 20 12 16 10 12 12 12 12 8 12 12 12 20 8
C3 10 15 17 31 21 10 23 12 18 31 10 23 23 18 31 20 1 10 12 12 14 28
23 23 18 31
C4 10 15 14 22 23 13 12 13 13 22 13 12 12 20 22 20 12 12 10 22
C5 20 20 16 12 12 15 14 16 16 12 15 14 14 16 12 20 14 14 10 12
C6 24 16 17 15 14 17 15 18 18 16 17 15 15 18 16 17 15 15 15 16
C7 20 16 12 17 13 18 16 20 20 17 10 15 16 20 17 19 16 15 10 17
C8 15 17 14 12 16 28 17 12 12 12 28 17 17 25 12 28 17 17 10 12
C9 10 10 15 10 15 10 13 10 10 10 10 13 13 14 10 10 13 13 14 10
CIO 5 10 20 10 25 15 5 14 14 10 11 5 5 14 10 21 5 5 14 10
cn
8 7 8 8 8 9 9 7 7 9 8 8 8 8 7 9 8 9 8 9 (Nguon Phong Nghien ciiu khoo hoc vo Hap tac quoc le
Trudng Coo dang Toi chinh Ha: quan) 3.3. Giai dogn 3
Dua vao ket q u i ma t r l n OG ciia hdi ddng, sau dd ap dung thuat toan md TOPSIS de xep hang cic ddi tuang OG {Bang 3).
Bdng 3- Khodng cach mdcua moi iUa chon ttf nghiem li tudng md dUong vd dm
A l A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A l O A H A12
d ' 1 1068 1,0944 1.0096 1 1489 1 0033 1 0973 1 2145 1 1503 1 1 3 1 0 1 2396 1 1943 1 2152
d;
1 1151
i\]
1 0632 1 0785 1 1 0299 0 9 9 8 1 I 1.0310 1 1238 I 1 0790 0 9496 1 0434 1 1689 1 1378 1 1053 1 1883 1 1355 1 1695
0,9679 1 0125 1.0960 1 1374 1-0902
d.
0,5932 0 4849 0,5966 0 5245 0 8334 0 5750 0 3989 0 4 7 2 2 0 4838 1.1374 0 4 9 7 5 1.0761 ! 0 4 7 0 8 1 0 9 5 5 ! 0 3882
d . 0 6329 0.4692 0 5769 0 5793 0 8472 0 6384 0 4 1 4 3 0 4432 0,4527 0.5628 0.5583
d. 0 6283 0 4849 0 5041 0 6481 0 7546 0 6793 0 4428 0 4057 0 4370 0 6353 0,6295 0 4 0 6 9 | 0 4 3 7 1
2 4 • KHOA HOC GIAO DUG
NGHIEN CUULI LUAN I
A13 A M A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20
1 2063 0.9072 1,2356 0 8430 1 -2248 1 2031 1,1445 1-0270
1 1549 0,8872 1.1820 0.7979 1,1854 1,1495 1,1395 1 0345
1.0734 0,8550 1 1270 0,7846 1.1217 1.0551 1,1422 0,9932
0,4200 0,5746 0,4885 0,8530 0 3748 0,4423 0-3821 0,8499
0.4518 0-6818 0,5587 0 9069 0,3856 0-4834 0 3652 0 8035
0.4969 0 6945 0,6338 0-9283 0,4071 0 5387 0 3445 0,8310 (Ngudn Tdc gia tinh tUphuang tnnh (8)) Bang 4: He so khodng edeh mo
Al A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 AS M9 AlO All A12 A13 A14 A15 A16 A17 A18 A19 A20
ccn
0.3851 0 3070 0,3715 0.3134 0.4537 0,3439 0.2472 0.2910 0.2996 0.2864 0.2827 0.2421
CCiZ 0 3621 0-3032 0.3663 0 3401 0-4715 0.3796 0 2617 0.2803 0,2949 0 3 2 1 4 0 3294 0.2581 0 2582! 0-281 2 0 4265 0.2832 0.5029 0.2343 0.2588 0 2503 0.4528
0,4345 0 3 2 1 0
CCi3 0 3 7 1 4 0 3201 0.3284 0 3753 0,4381 0 4015 0.2878 0 2529
CC!
0 3727 0 3100 0,3548 0 3420 0 4542 0-3742 0 2650 0 2778 0.2851 ,0,2935 0,3584'0,3207 0.3691 0,2850 0.3164 0.4482 0 3600 0 5320 j 0,5420 0 2455 0.2960 0.2427 0 4371
0.2663 0 3359 0.2317 0.4555
0,3252 0 2612 0 2843 0,4363 0,3199 0,5254 0,2483 0 2990 0 2414 0 4484
Hang theo TOPStS 6 12 7 8 2 5 17 16 14 10 9 18 15 4 11 1 19 13 20 3 (Nguon'Tdc gid tinh tu phuang trinh (9)) Ket q u a Bang 4 c h o thay, sau khi ap d u n g t h u a t t o a n m d T O P S I S se c h o n d u a c g i a n g v i e n c d h a n g cao nhat la A,^ vl co C C = 0 5 2 5 4 Idn nhat, ke t i e p la A^ va n g u d i c d h a n g t h a p n h a t la A,g
4 . Ket l u a n
Bai Viet nay gidi t h i e u p h u a n g p h a p m d T O P S I S va d n g d u n g n d t r o n g O G HO g t a n g d a y ciia g i a n g v i e n T h u l t t o l n d u a c d n g d y n g b i n g m p t v i d u cu t h e DG HO g i a n g day cua 2 0 g i a n g vien, Bai viet g d p p h a n v a o n g u d n t l i lieu t h a m k h a o t i n cay e h o n h d n g ngUdi d a n g c d n g tae t r o n g ITnh vUe k i e m d m h CL GD, q u a n t n n h a n s d n h d n g n h l n g h i e n c d u lien q u a n d e n v a n d e ra q u y e t d i n h .
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
[1]. C h a r l o t t e D a n t e l s o n & T h o m a s L McGrea, (2000), Teacher Evaluation, E d u c a t i o n a l Testing Service P r i n c e t o n , USA.
[2], N g u y e n O d e C h i n h - N g u y e n P h u o n g Nga, (2006), Nghien ctfu xdy dung ede tieu ehi ddnh gid hoat dong gidng day dai hoc vd nghien ctfu khoa hoc cua gidng vien trong Dgi hoc Quoe gia Hd Noi, B l o c a o n g h i e m t h u D e t i l t r o n g d i e m c a p Oai hoe Q u d c gia Ha Ndi
[3], H w a n g , C, L, & Yoon, K„ (1981), Multiple attribute decision making: Methods and applications, Berlin:
Springer.
[4]. W a n g , H. Y., & C h e n , S. IVl., (2008), Evaluating students' answerscnpts using fuzzy numbers associated with degrees of confidence, IEEE Transactions o n Fuzzy Systems, 16(2), 4 0 3 - 4 1 5 ,
[5] Chan, F.T S., & Kumar, N , (2007), Global supplier development considenng risk factors using fuzzy extended AHP-based approach, OMEGA, 3 5 , 4 1 7 - 4 3 1
[6]. A m i r i , M P., (2010), Project selection foroll-.eids development by using the AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods.
Expert Systems w i t h A p p l i c a t i o n s , 37, 6 2 1 8 - 6 2 2 4 , [7], Bd Giao d u e va O l o t a o , (2008), C d n g van sd 1276/BGDOT-NG ve viec Hudng dan to ehtfe lay y kien phdn hdi ttf ngudi hoc ve hoat dong gidng day cua giang vien.
[8], N g u y e n Quyet - N g u y e n Q u a n g T u a n , (2014), Ijng dung phUOng phdp lien kit md TOPSIS trong tuyen dung nhdn su. Tap c h i K m h te M d i t r u d n g , sd 8(12), tr.45- 4 8
[9], T r u o n g Cao d i n g Tat c h f n h Hai q u a n , (2016), Sd lieu ddnh gid hoat ddng gidng day eua gidng vien ndm hoc
A P P L Y I N G TOPSIS F U Z Z Y M E T H O D IN ASSESSING Q U A L I T Y O F LECTURERS
N g u y e n Q u y e t - The College of Finance and Customs - Ho Chi fvlinh City Email: [email protected] Le H o a n g V i e t P h u o n g - Industrial University of Ho Chi IVlinh City
Email: [email protected]
Abstract: The article introduces the TOPSIS fuzzy method (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and its application in evaluating lecturers' teaching activities The TOPSIS algorithm is refined and applied on fuzzy data m seven steps- Step I. Rank the criteria. Step 2: Find the decisive matrix; Step 3- Standardize the decisive matnx. Step 4. Find the weight of the standardized matnx. Step 5. Find ideally fuzzy positive and negative roots; Step 6 The fuzzy distance of each selection from the ideally positive and negative roots. Step 7-Find the fuzzy distance coefficient.
Universities in Vietnam have been evaluating lecturers' teaching activities in order to improve the quality of training and the quality of learners in the trend of international economic integration
Keywords: TOPSIS fuzzy method; evaluation, quality, lecturer
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