Dicn dan
Tap (Joan Cong nghiep Hoa chat Viet Nam aol mdi cong nghe theo hUofng hoa hoc xanh
TS. C H C T V A N NGUYEN Tru'dng ban Ky thuat
Tap doan Cong nghiep Hoa chat Viet Nam
V
iec trie'n khai cac hoai ddng ngan ngda d nhiem Irong Tap doan Cdng nghiep Hda chat Viet Nam hien dang dUde phat trie'n manh nham muc dich nang eao hieu qua san xuat, tang ldi nhuan ddng thdi vdi giam lae ddng cua san xuat den mdi trUdng. Oe dat dUdc di'eu dd.Tap doan da ap dung nhieu each nhU tang eUdng edng tac quan ly va Ihay the hoa chat dde bang hoa chat it dde hdn, giam hoac thay dd'i nguyen lieu d'au vao, thay ddi day chuy'en cdng nghe san xuat lien lien hdn de giam djnh mde lieu hao nguyen nhien lieu, giam IUdng chat thai, tai ehe, sd dung lai nUdc, chat thai,... Nhdng hoat ddng nay, ve ban chat budc dau da dap dng dUdc cac nguyen tac cua hda hpc xanh.
1. DOI MO^I CONG NGHE DE DAP UNG YEU CAU CUA HOA HOC XANH
Nhdng nam qua, cac doanh nghiep trong Tap doan da tap trung phat trien ap dung cdng nghe than thien mdi IrUdng theo cae hudng:
- Gid nguyen san pha'm Iruyen Ihdng ddi mdi edng nghe theo hUdng cd hieu qua sd dung tai nguyen cao hdn va giam phal thai chat thai vao mdi trUdng.
- odi mdi nguyen lieu dau vao ciia qua trinh san xuat theo hUdng sd dung eae nguyen lieu hda chat il nguy hai Irong qua trinh san xuat eung nhU trong san pha'm. Thi du nhu chuyen doi Id nguyen lieu pyrit sang lUu huynh nguyen td (S), chuyen Id sd dung mang diaphram sang mang membran, chuyen t d dung mdi hdu cd sang dung mdi nudc, chuyen t d hoat chat ddc sang il dde trong san xual thude trd sau, ehuyen td MEA va ADA sang lanin va kiem trong san xual phan dam ure t d than...
- Thay the san pha'm hoac thiet ke lai san pha'm: chiem ty le thap hdn (ehu yeu lap trung d nganh ngudn dien va hda chat bad ve IhUc vat).
- Mdt Sd ITnh vUe cdng nghe cao khac da
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Dan dieu khien Nha may phan dam Ha Bac
dupe dng dung rdng rai trong san xuat hoa chat nhUcdng nghe dieu khien tif dpng, edng nghe thdng tin, edng nghe vat lieu... tai nhieu nha may. Nhd vay, qua trinh cdng nghe tai cac day chuyen san xuat da dUde ldi Uu, sd dung nang IUdng tiet kiem hieu qua, giam thie'u chat thai...
2. CAC D U AN DAU T U M O I L U A CHON SLf DUNG CONG NGHE PHU HOP V O I CAC NGUYEN T A C CUA HOA HOC XANH
Cae cdng trinh dau tU xay difng mdi nhU eae dU an xay difng Nha may san xuat phan bdn DAP - Hai Phdng; DAP - Lao Cai, Nha may san xuat phan dam ure Id than cam Ninh Binh, dU an md rdng Nha may 0am Ha Bac... va cae edng trinh cai tao, nang cap, md rdng d cae doanh nghiep deu dae biet chii y den viec lUa chpn cdng nghe il gay d nhiem, giam thieu d nhiem ngay td ngudn, dam bao dap dng cae yeu c'au ve mdi trUdng cua Viet Nam. Cu the mpl sd cdng nghe dUdc sd dung nhU sau:
a. San xuat phan dam ure:
- Cdng nghe khi hoa than: Cac dU an xay dUng Nha may 0am than Ninh Binh va DU an md rdng Nha may 0am Ha Bae deu sd dung cdng nghe khi hoa than cua Shell (Ha Lan). Oay la cdng nghe ban quyen ed hieu sual khi hoa than eao, nang sual Id Idn, il gay d nhiem mdi trUdng.
- Td'ng hdp amdniac: DU an xay difng Nha may 0am than Ninh Binh;
DU an md rpng Nha may 0am Ha Bac sd dung edng nghe tdng hdp NH3 cua Handor Topsoe cd dac diem giam thap ap sual long hdp, cai thien phan bd ddng khi, nang cao hieu sual tan dung dung tieh thap va hieu sual sd dung xuc tac, nang cao he sd sach cua NH3, giam edng nen tuan hoan, mde lieu hao nang IUdng thap ...
(S6 6 a?011) < KHOA HQC HI C O N G N G H | [13
IJien dan
•iff;«?^!tf.Day chuyen san xuai cua Cong ty CP Hoa chat Viet Tri
- Cdng nghe lien lien td'ng hdp ure: DU an Nha may 0am than Ninh Binh, du an md rpng Nha may 0am Ha Bae d'eu sd dung cdng nghe long hdp Ure la Stripping NH3 cua Snamprogetti (Italia). Cdng nghe eua Snam- progelli khdng cd van de ve phal thai. Tat ca eac khi thai eiia eac cdng doan san xual deu dUdc xd ly sao cho khi dUde thai ra ngoai khdng edn chda ure va amoniae. NUdc thai ciia quy trinh dUdc xd ly trong nha may de dat tieu ehuan nude nap ndi hdi va thu hdi amoniae, CO2.
b. Cong nghe san xuat phan DAP:
Hien nay, cac DUan xay difng Nha may Phan bdn DAP - Hai Phdng va Nha may DAP - Lao Cai eua Tap doan Cdng nghiep Hda chat Viel Nam deu ap dung cdng nghe phan dng dng eua Incro (Tay Ban Nha). Oay la cdng nghe lien tien, than thien mdi IrUdng va da van hanh IhUdng mai dn djnh tren the gidi.
c. Cong nghe axit sunfuric:
Cae nha may trong Tap doan deu sd dung cdng nghe liep xiic kep, hap thu 2 lan vdi cac loai xuc tac cd dp hoat linh va do ben nhiel, ed rat eao. Cdng nghe nay edn tan dung nhiet eua eae qua trinh dot lUu huynh, chuyen hoa, hap thu de san xuat hdi cao ap phat dien hoac lam ngudn cung cap nhiel cho cac cdng doan khac nhu cd dac axil phosphoric trong nha may DAP Cac nha may mdi cd lUu trinh thu hdi nhiet eao (High En- ergy Recovery System), dat hieu suat thu hdi nhiel den 95%.
d. Cong nghe san x u a t axit Phosphoric:
Hien nay d Viet Nam, eae nha may san xuat DAP Oinh Vu Hai Phdng, DAP - Lao Cai da ehpn cdng nghe DH - Prayon Mark-4 cua Prayon (Bi) de san xuat axil H3PO4 vdi eac du die'm sau: Phii hdp vdi quang Lad Cai; Oe van hanh, chi phi bad dudng thap, sd ngay hoat ddng cua thiet bi cao, dap dng cae yeu eau ve mdi trUdng.
e. San xuat Xiit - Clo:
Sd dung cdng nghe dien phan xul-elo mang trad dd'i ion (Membran) thay cho edng nghe mang diaphram (ed sd dung amiang) d Nha may Hoa chat Bien Hoa va Cdng ty CP Hoa chat Viet Tri. Viec ap dung edng nghe mdi, hien dai da tang nang life san xual cua cae nha may. San pha'm ed chat Iddng vUdt trdi (NaOH > 32%, HCl < 40 ppm) giam djnh mde lieu hao nguyen nhien lieu. Thiet bi mdi cd chat Iddng lot, dieu khien Id dpng
t d xa da del kiem khdng gian, han che xi hd gay d nhiem mdi IrUdng, ddng thdi, cung loai bd dUdc viec sd dung amiang ddc hai.
f. Cong nghe san xuat san pham lop oto:
Cac ddn vj eung da dau t d chieu sau doi mdi cdng nghe va thiet bj lai cae khau Idu hoa, thanh hinh, thiet ke, ap dung nhieu giai phap nham del kiem nang IUdng, nen da nang eao chat Iddng, ha gia Ihanh san pha'm, nang cao sdc canh tranh. Cdng nghe san xuat Idp dtd ra- dian da dUdc trie'n khai di vao san xuat. Hien nay, Cdng ly CP Cao su Oa Nang (ORC) va Cdng ly CP Cdng nghiep Cao su mien Nam (CASUM- INA) d'eu dang trie'n khai cac dU an dau tU xay ddng nha may san xuat Idp old Iheo cdng nghe radian.
g. Nhom san pham dien hoa:
Nganh san xual ae qui dau tU Irang bj day chuy'en san xual cae loai ac qui khdng bao dudng, ehi antimoan thap, chi - canxi. Oau lU eae day ehuyen san xual hien dai khep kin, he thdng kiem tra chat IUdng san pha'm tU dpng nham vda nang cao va on dinh chat IUdng san pham vda bao dam yeu Id mdi IrUdng.
Cdng ty Pin Ac qui Mien Nam da dau tU dd'i mdi edng nghe, ap dung thanh edng cdng nghe tien lien sddung Ihiel bj eua hang Junfer (Cdng hoa Ao) de san xuat cac loai ac qui khdng bao du'dng (Maintenance free - MF) theo tieu chua'n chau Au. He thdng dieu khien dddc computer hoa. San pha'm dat tieu chua'n qudc te.
Cdng ly Ac qui Tia Sang Hai Phdng da dau tu day chuy'en san xuat ac qui Chi - Canxi theo cdng nghe va thiet bi eua Han qudc. My de san xual mdt sd loai ac qui kin khi, khdng bao dudng, ddng Ihdi xual kha'u la cUe va ac qui ra mpl sd nUde ehau Au, Odng Nam A, Odng A, Trung Odng....
Cac san pham pin ngay cang dUdc nang cao chat IUdng ca ve dung IUdng va thdi gian Idu, dat cae lieu chua'n TCVN, mdt sd loai pin edn dat lieu chat IUdng cda Nhat (JIS). Cdng nghe hd dien djch lac hau da dUdc thay the bang cdng nghe giay lam hd.
h. San xuat pha che hoa chat bao ve thuc vat:
Cac cdng ty da tdng budc dau t d ehiilu sau, dd'i mdi edng nghe, thiet bi, nang cao Irinh dp Id dpng hoa cua cae bp phan khuay Iron, kiem tra san xual, ddng gdi san pha'm gom cae day chuyen san xual bpt tham nUdc, cac san pha'm loai nhu dau va dung djch; day ehuyen san xuat dang huyen phu dam dac dung mdi la nddc...
14 KHOA Hpc & C 6 N G N G H $ •• (36 6 • ^2011;
Dicn dan khoa hoc
nham cai thien dieu kien lam viec cho ngUdi lao ddng va giam thieu d nhiem mdi trudng. San xuat cae loai thudc lan trong nude thay eho dung dung mdi hdu cd, sd dung cac loai hoa chat mdi ed hoat tinh cao hdn, IUdng diing it hdn, it dpc hai ddi vdi ngUdi san xuat va lieu dung, giam Ihie'u d nhiem mdi IrUdng.
i. Trong m p t so ITnh vUc cong nghiep hoa chat khac:
Nhu san xual sdn, eac chat lay rda, san xual khi cdng nghiep, que han dien, khai thac quang apalil trong nhdng nam qua da cd sif phal trien nhanh chdng, vdi viec dau tU chieu sau, dau lU mdi cdng nghe va Ihiet bi nen da lang tdc dp phat trie'n, thj ph'an ngay cang md rdng vdng chac va d'n djnh trong khi mdi trUdng ngay cang dUde quan lam bad ve lot hdn.
3. CAC HOAT DONG NGHIEN CUU KH&CN
Nhdng nam qua, cae ddanh nghiep trong Tap doan da thifc hien hang nghin de tai. Nhi'eu edng trinh nghien cdu cd npi dung nam trong eac nguyen tac ciia hda hoc xanh. Muc lieu nghien cdu gan lien vdi sd dung hieu qua nang IUdng, giam Ihie'u chat thai, tuan hoan lai sd dung tai nguyen nUdc, san xual san pha'm it sinh ra cac chat nguy hai hdn, san pham cd the lU phan huy sau sd dung... Nhieu cdng Irinh da nhan dUde cac giai thudng cao ve ITnh vu'c khoa hoc cdng nghe mdi IrUdng nhU cae cdng trinh nghien cdu:
"San xuat ac qui chi lich dien khd" giai Ba VIFOTEC, "Nghien cdu eac giai phap edng nghe san xual ae quy kin va ae quy cdng nghiep-ap dung san xuat sach hdn" giai Nhi VIFOTEC,
"Nghien cdu san xuat dau nhien lieu biodiezen Id cac ngudn dau md ddng IhUe vat phe thai trong nUde" giai Ba VIFOTEC 2009, "Nghien cdu san xuat mang mdng polyme tU phan huy" giai Ba VIFOTEC, "Nghien cdu tham dd luyen quang apatit loai II va sd dung trong san xual axil photphosric"...
KET LUAN:
Ngay cang nhieu cdng ty trong Tap doan Cdng nghiep Hoa chat Viet Nam nhan thdc dUde lam quan trpng cua hoa hpc xanh ddi vdi sd phat trie'n ben vdng cho hoat ddng san xuat kinh doanh cua minh. Mae du van edn nhieu trd ngai trong viec ehuyen ddi eac quy trinh san xual hda chat ed dien ra quy trinh sach, nhUng dieu khdng the phii nhan la hda hpc xanh hien nay van la mdl bien phap phdng ngda d nhiem hdu hieu nhal. Tren IhUc te, viec ap dung nhffng nguyen ly than mdi IrUdng eua hoa hpc xanh da va dang gdp phan giiip Tap doan di theo hUdng phat trie'n ben vffng, mang lai nhffng ldi ieh tich cdc ca ve kinh le, mdi trddng va xa hdi.
Ben canh nhffng thanh Iffu, ddng gdp hieu qua cua hoat ddng dd'i mdi cdng nghe trong giai doan 2006 - 2010 vda qua. Tap doan Cdng nghiep Hoa chat Viet Nam can liep tuc hoan thien va nang cao dng dung cdng nghe hien dai, cd hieu qua trong lat ca ITnh vUc cua Tap doan. Ket hdp dau tu mdi vdi cai lad, nang cap, dau t d thed chieu sau phal huy hieu qua eua cae cd sd edng nghiep hda chat hien cd.
Cong nhan trong day chuyen san xuat ac guy cua Cong ty Ac gui Tia Sang Hai Phong
nhanh chdng dd'i mdi va tiep can cdng nghe hien dai ed hieu qua sd dung nang IUdng cao, tiet kiem nguyen nhien lieu, tai sd dung, tan dung nguyen lieu, nUdc, giam Ihie'u chat thai dde hai... Khdng ngdng ddi mdi phffdng thdc, chat IUdng va an loan trong tat ea eae hinh hoat dpng san xual kinh doanh. Phan dau tang thi phan, tang ldc do phal trie'n, giam dinh mde, giam gia thanh, nhUng cung ddng thdi dam bao yeu Id ben vffng trong qua trinh phal trien ciia Tap doan Cdng nghiep Hda chat Viet Nam.*:'
HOI THAO VE PHl/dNG PHAP LUAN THONG KE KH&CN
vdi muc dieh nang cao nang Iffc thdng ke KH&CN va ddi mdi sang tao ciia Viet Nam lam nen lang de'lhuc day phal trie'n He thdng Odi mdi sang lao qudc gia (NIS), Cue Thdng lin Khoa hpc va Cdng nghe qudc gia phdi hdp vdi Chffdng trinh Odi tac Ooi mdi sang tao Viet Nam - Phan Lan (IPP) td chffc Hdi thao "Phffdng phap luan thdng ke KH&CN cua OECD, kinh nghiem ciia Phan Lan va thffc lien eua Viet Nam".
Ndi dung chinh ciia Hdi thao lap trung vao cac chii de: PhUdng phap luan cua OECO ve thdng ke KH&CN va ddi mdi; kinh nghiem cua Phan Lan trong viec sff dung phffdng phap luan thdng ke eua OECO; kha nang ap dung phffdng phap luan ciia OECD vao thUe tien eua Viet Nam.
Mac du da dat dffdc nhffng ket qua nhat dinh, nhffng cdng tac thdng ke KH&CN eiia Viet Nam van cdn nhieu bat cap, chffa dap ffng dUdc yeu cau. Oe khac phuc dffdc tinh trang nay, mpl trong nhffng khau then chdt la phai tang cffdng nang Iffc thdng ke cho hoat ddng thdng ke KH&CN. Cdng lac thdng ke KH&CN phai dffdc ap dung cac phddng phap luan tien tien va chuan mffc.
Vdi sd ho trd cua DUan IPP, dU kien trong nam 2011, Cue thdng tin KH&CN se tien hanh dieu tra thff nghiem ve nghien cifu khoa hpc va phat trie'n trong cac ITnh vffc.
KN
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