NGHIEN CUfU-TRAOD6|
/GIAI PHAP OIEU KHIEN CHE D O CAT THEO CHAT LlfONG VA NANG SUAT QUA TRINH PHI LE TIJ DONG CA TRA
TAI D 6 N G BANG SCNG CCFU LONG
SOLUTION TO CONTROL CUTTING CONDITION BASED ON QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF TRA FISH FILLET PROCESS IN MEKONG DELTA.
Tran Doan Stfn', Nguyen Tusin Hiing^
'Trfldng Dai hpc Bach Khoa, Dai hpc Qudc gia TP. Hd Chi Minh
^Trfldng Dai hpc Cdng nghiep TP. Ho Chi Minh, Bd Cdng IhflPng
T 6 M TAT
Trong nghien ciXu ndy, moi quan he gitia che do cat vd thdng sd hinh hoc dung cu cdt vdi chdt lUdng vd ndng sudt phi le cd Tra tai Ddng bdng sdng Ctiu Long (DBSCL) trong qud trinh cat thtic, dUdc xdy dUng bdngphUdng phdp quy hoach thUc nghiem. Tti cdc mdi quan he ndy, gidi phdp dieu khiin che do cat dUdc xdy dting nhdm ddp ting cdc muc tieu chdt Itidng vd ndng sudt qud trinh phi le tudgngcd Tra.
Tfl khda: Phi le cd Tra, che do cdt thtic, thong sd hinh hgc dung cu phi le, chdt lUdng vd ndng sudt phi le cd Tra, ntit thit cd.
In this research, the relation of cutting condition and cutting tool geometrical parameters on qualitiess and productivity of Tra fish fillet in real cutting process in Mekong Delta are built by design ofexperimet\t method. Thank to these relations, solution to control cutting condition automatically is built to meet the quality and productivity targets of automatic Tra fish filleting process.
Keywords: Tra fish fillet, real cutting conditions, geometrical parameters of fillet cutting tod qualities and productivity of Tra fish fillet, fish fillet gapping.
TAP CHI CO KHi VIET NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO0(!)t
l . G l O l T H l f i U
C o khi hda vd tfl ddng hda qua trinh phi le ca Tra Id van de quan tam cap thiet cua nganh Che bien thuy san Viet Nam ndi chung vd tai Ddng bang sdng Cflu Long (DBSCL) ndi rieng. Vdi thiet hi phi le tfl ddng [1, 2, 3] dflpc che tao cung vdi dung cu cdt va c h i dp cat dflpc hpp ly hda [4] da giai quylt dflpc bai toan phi le tfl ddng ca Tra trong giai doan cat ban dau.
Trong qua trinh cat thflc, mdn dao xay ra anh hfldng den chat Iflpng va nang suat phi le, vi vay, viec xay dflng giai phap dieu khien tfl dpng che dp cat theo muc tieu chat Iflpng va nang suat la van de cap thiet can dflpc nghien cflu nham hodn thien giai phap phi le tfl ddng cho ca Tra. Day cflng chinh la npi dung cua bai viet nay.
Bdi bao nay gidi thieu phflong phap xac dinh moi quan he gifla che dd cat vd thdng sd hinh hpc dung cu cat theo muc tieu chat Iflpng va ndng suat phi le trong qua trinh cat thflc (cd xet den mdn dao). Cac mdi quan he nay la ca sd cho giai phap dieu khien tfl dpng che dd cat qua trinh phi le ca Tra tai DBSCL.
K ,' Iliads
— Xy lanh khi nm
Hinh 1: Thiet biphi le tU ddng thi nghiim.
Dung cu cdt sfl dung trong thi nghiem phi le cd cac thdng sd che tao dflpc xac dinh theo bang 1.
Hinh 2: Dungcu cdt cho thii't bi phi ti tti ddng.
3. CAC YEU TO VA MUC TIEU KHAO SAT Cac yeu to ve dung cu cat va che dp cdt anh hfldng den chat Iflpng va nang suat phi le dflpc md ta cu the d bang 1.
Bdng 1: Yeu td ve dung cu cdt vd che dd cdt trong qud trinh cdt thtic
2. DOI Tl/ONG VA THIET BI NGHlfiN CUtJ
2.1. Doi tflpng nghien cflu Ddi tflpng nghien cflu la ca Tra thflpng pham, thudc lodi Pangasius Hy- pophthalmus nudi trong be ven sdng Hau, qu^n Thdt Not, Tp. Can Tho, DBSCL tfl 9 d i n 12 thang, cd trpng Iflpng tfl 0.8 den 1.2 kg (trpng Iflpng khdo sat) [5].
2.2. Thiet bi nghien cflu
Thiet bi nghien cflu la may phi II tfl ddng thi nghiem dflpc che tao tren co sd md hinh phi le tfl ddng ca Tra [1, 2, 3].
STT
Yeu 16 1 ve dyng
cvcSl
Yni to dOcJl
Dfclnnig c a t ) n i t o Vat lieu che 'ao Hull d,.iia Lm . hpc Djng linii cit Bien d^ng luin dii Ooc sic a (dp) Ehicrng kmb (tao D (mm) Be day dung cy clI B (mm) So vong quay ciia dao c^i n (\-OD^hut) Ui^ng lien phoi S (vmis)
D|c dinn} n (o Codpih
Codinh Co dinh Xac dinh Thay doL doc lap
Co dmh Thay doi dijcl^p Thay doi. dpc lap
Gli irt biD diD Tii.'p 140 {DIN Hii.r, "v., Unti tioD Hai canh vat doi ximg 80 = 10 do- Du=200.
3
Trong cdc ylu td ndy, dfldng kinh dao, sd vdng quay ciia dao cat, Iflpng tiln phdi vao dao Id cac ylu td thay ddi dflpc chpn khao sat theo cac muc tieu nghien cflu cua bdi bao. Cdc yen td ndy ddc lap tuyen tinh va lan Iflpt dflpc dat ten Idx,, x„ x,.
TAP CHi CO KHi V I £ T NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013
NGHIEN CUfU-TRAO D 6 |
Muc tieu khao sat cua nghien cflu ndy la chat Iflpng san quan Thdt Not, TP. CSn Thfl, DBSCL (khoang 30 be), mat dp ca trong be tiT 80 - 120 con/m^ Vung chpn mau co pham phi le vd nang suat phi le, dflpc md ta d bang 2,
Bdng 2: Cdc muc tiiu khdo sdt
STT Alqc tlk kbao sit ThoDg so dioh gia Himinifctia Chat tuiTng san pham. Diem do niii ihii yi=fi'^vh'^}) Nangsultphilg. Thdi gian phi le m^i don vj doi
tilling khao sat t (giay). Y:=f{x„x:,x,)
4. P H l / O N G PHAP D A N H G I A 4.1. Do nijft thit va d i l m do nflt thit [6]
Nflt thit Id hien tflpng co thit hi tach ra tao thanh vet nflt trln milng phi 11. Vet nflt nhd neu chieu ddi vet nflt ngan hpn 2cm. Vet nflt Idn neu chieu ddi vet nflt bang hay dai hdn 2cm. Chieu ddi vet nflt dflpc xac dinh bang thfldc cap Mitutoyo 550-311-10, vung do tfl 0 den 200mm, dp chinh xac 0.01 mm.
Dp nflt thit la so vet nflt d i m dflpc trong vung dien tich khao sat 1 inch^ tren mieng phi le. Dp nflt thit dflpc danh gia bang diem, diem ndy, gpi la diem dp nflt thit. Thang diem danh gia dp nflt thit tfl 0 den 5 (bang 3).
Viec xac dinh diem dp nflt thit dflpc thflc hien trong vdng 5 phflt sau khi phi le d milng phi 11 ben phai.
Bdng 3: Thang diem ddnh gid do ntit thit
Diem 0
So vet niit Khong nut thjt.
1 So vet nut nho nho hon 5.
2 Sd vet nut nhd nho hem 10.
3 So vet nut nho Idn hon 10 va vai vet ntit Idn {< 5).
4 5
Nhieu vet nflt Idn (=•5).
Thit bi tach ra.
4.2. Thdi gian phi le [61
Dflpc xac dinh tfl khi diing cii cat bat dau phi le ca d i n khi dao thoat hodn todn khdi vung phi le. Thdi gian phi le dflpc xac dinh bang ddng hd dien tfl bam giay Casio HS-3V.
5. CHUAN BI M A U [6]
Ca chpn mau cd dp tuoi tfl 9 d i n 12 thang (trpng Iflpng tfl 0.8 d i n 1.2 kg). Khu vflc khao sat Id cac be ven sdng Hau,
dien tich 1 m^ tai tam be (cd khoang 80 d i n 120 con). Mdu dflpc lay ngau nhien tai vi tri 4 gdc vd tdm cua vung chpn mau.
Ca sau khi chpn dflpc cat mang, trich mau, cat dau va moi noi tang trfldc khi tien hanh phi le.
6. T H I E T KE VA TIEN H A N H T H I NGHI£M
Chpn phflpng phap thiet kl nhdn td todn phan 2 mflc de bo tri cac thi nghiem. Vdi 3 yeu td tac dong (k=3), sd thi nghiem can 1dm la N
= 2'' = 8, sd thi nghiem d tam dfl^c chpn la 5.
Dung dao thi nghiim cat vao gd de dat dflpc dp mdn hfldng kinh ngdu n h i l n vd 1dm giam dfldng kinh dao cat theo cac gia tri dflpc bo tri trong thiet ke thi nghiem.
Tien hdnh phi le vdi dijng cii cd cac dfldng kinh vd cdc che do c5t khdc nhau. Ghi lai thdi gian phi le t tflng ddi tflpng va diem dp niit tiijl tren tflng milng phi le.
7. KET QUA THlTC NGHIEM Tien hanh cac thi nghiem tim mien gidi ban cua dfldng kinh dao, sd vdng quay cua dao cat vd Ifltfi^
tien phdi [7], cac thi nghiim nay cho ta ket qua nhfl sau:
197.8 < Z ) < 200; 172 < n<1670 50< S < 240 hay 197.8 < x, < 200 172 < X, < 1 6 7 0 ; 50<x <240
TAP CHi C O KHI V I £ T NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013
NGHIEN Cl/U - TRAO BOI
II 197,8
200 197.8 200 197,8 200 197,8 200 198,9 198,9 198.9 198.9 198.9
ll 172 172 1670 1670 172 172 1670 1670 921 921 921 921 921
I j
50 50 50 50 240 240 240 240 145 145 145 145 145
Yi 3 0 3 0 5 1 5 1 3 2 3 2 3
Y:
21.3 17.6 19.7 17.3 4.7 3.68 4,1 3.63 10.6 10.65 10.62 10.59
9.1
Diem dp nflt thit (Yl) va thdi gian phi le Cac bieu dd phan tich tflPng quan gifla gia (Y2) cua cac thi nghiem dflpc the hien d bang 4. tri thflc nghiem va md hinh hdi quy [7] cho thay cdc gid tri thflc nghiem rat sat vdi md hinh thu Bdng 4: Kit qud thiet kethi nghiem vd thtic nghiim d.Mac.
Tfl bieu do xac suat chuan [71, ta nhdn thay rang cdc thtic nghiem deu nam trong gidi han phflpng sai chuan +4SD cua md hinh nIn md hinh phu hpp cho viec tien doan.
8.4. Giai thich md hinh
Tfl bieu do cac he sd hdi quy hdm Y ^ _ cho ta nhdn xet rang cac ylu td dfldng kinh dao (D), Iflpng tien phdi (S) vd tflpng tac cua chung (DS) tac ddng chinh den muc tieu chat Iflpng san pha'm phi II.
Phflpng trinh hdi quy ham Y^^ (khdng ty le va khdng quy tam):
y,, -956.746-4.7847D+ 2.37£-07H + 8.14977S-\A%E -09Dn - 0,0406699/)5 -7.\5E -\2,iS
Vay, phflpng trinh hdi quy hdm Y^ cd dang: F, =(K| ) ' ' - 1
Tfl biiu dd cdc he sd hdi quy hdm Yj.^
cho ta nhan xet rang ylu td Iflpng tien phdi (S) vd dfldng kinh dao (D) tac ddng chinh den muc tieu nang suat phi le.
Phflpng trinh hdi quy hdm Y2^ (khdng ty le vd khdng quy tam):
y^. ^12 1351-0.0494417D-0.0021311«-0.01534995 +\.06E - OSDn + 6.08£ - 05DS + 3.83£ - 09nS
Vay, phflpng trinh hdi quy ham Y2 cd dang: } ; = ( K , j ' - -1
9. X A Y Dl/NG GIAI P H A P DIEU KHIEN TlJ D 6 N G CHE 0 0 CAT THEO MUC TIEU CHAT LliONG SAN PHAM VA N A N G SUAT PHI i t
Tfl kit qua nghiin cflu anh hfldng yeu td d t j n g c u c a t v a c h e d d c a t den muc tieu chat Iflpng"^
8. P H A N T I C H HOI QUY
Chpn phflpng phap binh phflpng cflc tieu di xdy dflng phflpng trinh hdi quy.
8.1. Phan tich t i n h p h u hPp cua m o hinh hoi quy Tfl ket qua phdn tich tinh phu hpp cua md hinh hdi quy Yj^ vd md hinh hdi quy d dang chuyin ddi Y j ^ [7], md ta (Y+1)^ cho ham Y j ^ la phu hpp nhat.
Tfl k i t qua phdn tich tinh phu hpp cua md hinh hdi quy Y2 vd md hinh hdi quy d dang chuyen doi Y2~ [7], md td ( Y + l ) " " cho ham Y2..
Id phu hpp nhat.
8.2. P h ^ tich phfldng sai
Gid tri xac suat p cua md hinh hdi quy Y^^ = 0.001, Y2~ = 0.000 < 0.05 (mflc y nghia 95%) thda man yeu cau kiem tra nen md hinh cd y nghia thdng ke.
8.3. Phdn tich tiitfng quan va sai lech
TAP C H i CO KHi VI$T NAM, Sd 12 nam 2013
NGHIEN Cflu-TRAODpi
i nang suat trong qua trinh cat thtic da hoan toan xac dinh diloc moi quan he:
Vi, = 9 5 6 . 7 4 6 - 4 . 7 8 4 7 D + 2 . 3 7 £ - 0 7 « + 8.14977S-1.18£
-09£>n - a.0406699i3S -7.15E- l2nS Fj^ =12,1351-0,0494417D-0,0021311n-0,01534995 +1.06£ - OSDn + 6.08B - 05DS + 3.S3E - 09nS v p i
Trong dd. x^, x^, x^ la cac b i l n tflPng dflpng vdi cac y l u to dfldng kinh dung cii cat (D), sd vdi^
quay dting cu (n) va Ifldng tien phdi (S). Tfl moi quan he nay, tac gia t i l n hanh xay dflng sP do dieu khien tfl ddng che dp cat theo muc tieu dflpc de ra, cti the nhfl hinh sau:
Hmh 3: Sd do dieu khien tti ddng chi'do cdt.
Trong giai doan cat ban dau, dao cd cac thdng sd hinh hpc xac dinh vdi dfldng kinh D^^= D^
= 200 mm, gdc sac 10 dp vd cat tai che dp (n^, S„) = (x^^, x^^) = (1670,232) da xac dinh [4].
Trong qud trinh cat thflc, tai thdi diem khao sat t bat ky, mdn dao xuat hien lam giam dfldng kinh dao. Gpi D^ Id gia tri dfldng kinh dao tai thdi diem khao sat (D^ < D^^), gia tri ndy dflpc cam bien dfldng kinh dung cu cat ghi nhan, dfla ve mach xfl ly tin hieu rdi gfli ve may tinh gia tri x^^.
Mdy tinh xfl ly he phflpng trinh J ' "' 2P ji yd ket h p p vdi dieu kien tdi flu cho muc Y: - > Y.
tieu da de ra< cho kit qua (x^.-X,,) . [ n - > 7 , ^ „ ^ 2 , - 3 . /
Gia tri X,, dflpc chuyen tfl mdy tinh d i n mach dieu khien sd vdng quay ddng cP, gia tri Xj, dflpc chuyen tfl may tinh den mach dieu khien van tdc xy lanh dan ddng bdn trflPt.
Qua trinh dieu khiln tfl ddng che dp cat theo miac tieu chat Iflpng vd nang suat phi le dien ra liln tuc theo dp mdn cua dao vd kit thuc khi dao mdn den gia tri gidi han D , (D = D ).
10. KET LUAN
Bdng phflpng phap quy hoach thflc nghiem, moi quan he gifla ylu td che dp cat va dung ct^ cit trong qua trinh cat thflc xac dinh cti the nhfl sau:
TAP CHi CO KHl VIET NAM, S6 12 nam 2013
NGHIEN Cflu - TRAO DPl
v6i
>;,= 956.746 - 4.7847 D+ 2.37£ - 07« + 8.14977S -1,18£
-09O« - 0,0406699/35 -1.15E- l2nS
J'2.= 12,1351-0,0494417D-0,0021311n-0,01534995 +1,06£ - OSDn + 6,08£ - 05DS + 3,83£ - 09/iS
Yeu to dudng kinh dao (D), luong tien phoi (S) va tUong tac cua chiing (DS) tac dong chinh On muc tieu chft luong san pham phi le,
Yeu to luong tifa phoi (S) va dudng kinh dao (D) tac dpng chinh den muc tieu nang suat phi le,
Giai phap dieu khien tu dong che do cat theo muc tieu chat luong san pham va nang suat phi le hoan toan co t h i thUc hien duoc thong qua moi quan he gifla yeu to che do cat va dung cu cat trong qua trinh cat thUc da dUOc xay dung. •>
Ngay nhan bai: 01/11/2013 Ngay phan bien: 15/12/2013
Ngiidi p h a n bien: PGS.TS. Dao Quang Ke, Khoa Co - Dien, TruOng Dai hoc Nong nghiep Ha Noi.
T^i lieu t h a m khao:
[1]. Tran Doan Sdn, Nguyen Tuan Hiing,"Nghien cdu mo hinh phi le tu ddng cd Tra tai Dong bang song Cdu Lonf. Hoi thao khoa hpc ve thiet bi lang phi le ca, Co quan Hpp tac Quoc te Nhat Ban (Jica), TruOng Dai hpc Bach khoa TP. Hp Chi Minh, 2008.
[2]. Nguyen Tuan Hiing, Tran Dpan Son, "Nghien cdu, thiet ke, che tao vd khdo nghiim thiet bi lang cd Basa", Tap chi Phat trien Khoa hpc va Cong nghe, Dai hpc Qupc gia TP, Ho Chi Minh, tap 12, so 05, trang 5-13,2009.
[3]. Nguyen Tu^n Hiing, Tran Doan Son, "Nghien cdu, thiet ke, che tao vd khdo nghiem thiet biphi le cd Tra", Hpi thip khoa hpc ve thiet bi lang phi le ca, Co quan Hop tac Quoc te Nhat Ban (Jica), TrUdng Dai hpc Bach khoa TP, Ho Chi Minh, 2008,
[4], Tran Doan Son, Nguyen Tuan Hiing, "AM/I hudng che do cdt vd thong so hinh hoc dung cu cdt den chdtlUOng vd ndng sudt phi le cd Tra tai Dong bdng song Ci^u Long trong giai doan cdt han ddu". Tap chi Co khi Viet Nam, Tong hpi Co khi Viet Nam, so 10, trang 83-87, 2013.
[5]. Pham Wn Khanh, "Ky thuat nudi cd tra vd ba sa trong be" NXB. Nong nghiep, TP. Ho Chi Minh, 2009.
[6], Nguyin Tuan Hung, Tran Doan Son, "Anh hudng cdc giai doan chuyen hod sau khi chet den chdt luong vd ndng sudt phi le cua cd Tra/Basa" Tap chi Phat trien Khoa hpc va Cong nghe, Dai hpc Qucc gia TR Ho Chi Minh, tap 12, SP 06, trang 5-14, 2009,
[7], Nguyen TuSn Hung, "Nghien citu dnh hudng cua che do cdt vd thong so hinh hoc cua dung cu cdt den chdt lupng vd hieu qud qud trinh lang phi U cd Tra/Basa", Chuyen de Luan an Tien si Ky thuat, TrUdng Dai hpc Bach khpa, Dai hpc Qu6c gia TP, Ho Chi Minh, 2008.
TAP CHl CO KHl VIET NAM, So 12 niim 2013 I H l
