s a KIEN / BINH LUAN
Af^
Chuoi san xuat va tieu thu ca tra
Vai tro Nha nu'O'c QP dau?
D Tru'cjng Ngo Bich Ngpc
CA TRA - MAT HANG THlJY SAN XK CHIJ Ll/C THLf 2 SAU TOM, MOT TRONG SO KHONG NHIEU CAC MAT HANG CHIEN LUOC QUOC GIA ClJA VIET NAM, VOI HON 600.000 TAN SAN PHAM XK TRONG NAM 2 0 1 1 , TRI GIA TREN 1,8 TY USD - LAI C O N G LA MAT HANG PHAI CHIU NHIEU SONG GIO NHAT TRONG QUA TRINH PHAT TRIEN. PHAI CHANG MOT PHAN D I ^ U DO LA DO THIEU V A N G S l / QUAN TAM CUA NHA NU'OC?
Ngirdri nudi c3 tra g$p r i t ntil&u kti6 khdn
NhOng b^t c^p trong chuoi Scin xuM
San xua't con gid'ng la khau dau tien va then chd't trong chudi, quye't djnh chat lupng san pham va hifu qui san vu.il Nhu cau ca thucmg pham ting nhanh, dan tdi nhu ci'u ci gid'ng ting dpt hien. Nganh ca tra gid'ng da dupc \a hpi hda tren difn rpng, tuy nhien, do khdng chit trpng quan ly, nang lpc ciia co quan chiic ning dja phuong cdn bat cgp, Ivc lirpng kiem tra mong khd thyc thi cdng tic kiem tra, kiem soat chat lupng ca bo' m? va ci gidng nen hifn tupng tieu cpc dien ra d nhieu noi,
Hifn chi cd khoing 40% co sd
san vuat gid'ng cd ding ky kinh doanh diing quy djnh, sin xua't thudng \uvL'n vdi san lupng ldn. Cdn lgi la cac co sd san xual khdng on dinh, khi san xua't, khi nghi. Mpt so ngudi chgy theo lpi nhugn, "ep" ci de nhieu lan trong nim, su dyng dan ca bd'mg khdng rd ngudn goc, khdng bao dam yeu cau chat Iupng, dan deh hifn tupng sinh sin cgn huyel:, chat lupng gid'ng kem, siic de khing ye'u, Hgu qui la ty If hao hvt Ien tdi 80 - 85% d giai dogn ca bpt len ca hucmg vi 40 - 50% tii ci huong len ca gid'ng. Ca chgm Idn lam chi phi sin xuat "dpi len" do kf o dai thdi gian nudi vi chi phi bfnh cho c i nhieu hon.
L U 1>U(MG MAt 1HI>V SJ>N / S6 146 /
SJ KIEN/BlNH LUAN
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Cdng tac quin Iy nudi ca tra thuang pham ciing khdng khi hon. Ba Phgm Thj Thu Hong, Chi cue trudng Chi cyc Thiiy sin VTnh Long cho bie't, Thdng tu sd 45/2010m'-BNNPTNT ngay 22/7/2010, quy djnh NTTS, trong do cd nudi ci tra, la hogt dpng cd dieu kifn, nhung Igi khdng cd gia'y chiing nhgn ngudi nudi dii dieu kifn, vi vgy khdng cd can Cli de xu ly vi phgm. "Nhu vgy thdng tu dua ra de Iam gi?", ba Hong biic xiic
The mgnh DBSCL la ndng nghifp, trong dd cd thiiy san, nhat la nudi ci tra. Nhung do mdi lien ke't cic thanh phan trong chudi gia tri san pham chua chat che, nen cac dia phuang khdng phat huy dupc Ipi the so sanh, khdng the hpp tic dau tu chieu sau de sin xua't nhirng sin pham cd cha't Iupng cao va dmg nhau xay dpng mpt thucmg hifu mgnh cho sin pham tam co qud'c gia. Vi the^ tinh trang mat can ddi cung- cau nguyen lifu thudng xuyen xay ra, gia ca bap benh khie'n mpi thanh phan tham gia vao chudi san xua't deu bi thif t hgi.
Mdi lien ket Idng leo va khdng ben viing giira DN va ngudi nudi cdn gay ra tinh trgng mdi khau sin xuat deu muo'n giii kin thdng tin vi Ipi ich rieng, khie'n thdng tin trong toan chudi bj ich tic.
DN khdng thdng bao v^ xu the thi trudng, gii ci de ngudi nudi cd the dieu chinh sin lupng phii hpp; ngupc lgi, ngudi nudi khdng mudn minh bgch thdng tin de DN dieu chinh ke'hogch tieu thy, thgm clli gam giir ci khi dp doan gia len, khieh lupng ca nguyen
lifu "khi thira, khi thieu", gii ci
"nhiy miia, dao chieu lien tyc",...
Hifn tupng "be keo" cung hay xiy ra do klidng cd hpp ddng mua ban mang tinh phap ly rd rang, ma thuimg la nhung thda thugn mifng dpa tren Idng tin. Ne'u cd cung thudng l.i hpp ddng ghi nhd nhung khdng cd hifu lyc phip lugL Khi nay sinh tranh chap, ngudi nudi thudng la ddi tupng chju thift nhieu hon.
Thiic in cho ci chie'm 60 - 70% chi phi sin xuat, tuy nhien, tan sua't ting gia logi sin pham dau vio niy ngay cang day hon.
Chi tinh rieng nam 2011, thiic an da tang gii 7 lan vdi tdng miic ting khoang 1.200 dong/
kg so vdi nam 2010. Ngay ca khi gia nguyen Iifu thiic an tren thi trudng da giim dang ke, gia thiic an ca tia d Vift Nam van dling d miic cao. Gii thud'c thii y thiiy sin ciing ting tir 10 - 20%
trong nam 2011 so vdi nam 2010, cpng hudng lam cho gii thanh nudi ci tie'p tyc bi day len cao.
Ta't ca nhiing nguyen nhan tren da tgo anh hudng tieu cue deh hifu qua san xui't ciia ngudi nudi. Dieu niy, phai ching mpt phan do Nha nuoc chua quan tam de cd chinh sich kiem soit thj trudng thiic in va thud'c thu y?
Dd la chua ndi den nhimg khd khan ve vd'n san xua't cho ca ngudi nudi va DN che bie'n.
Vdi chinh sich that chat tin dung hifn nay, ngudi nudi cd tii san the cha'p ding chi vay dupc khoang 1 ty dong, trong khi de cho ra 300 tah ci nguyen lif u/1 ha mat nudc, hp phai dau tu 5 - 7 ty ddng. Nhung ngudi khdng dii
tai san thi danh treo ao!
Ve phia DN, theo VASEP, htm 90% DN da npp don de xin vay vd'n khan ca'p trong Qiiy II nam 2012. Mdt giam dd'c cdng ty thuy sin d Can Tho cho bie't, ne'u dupc vay vd'n nhung vdi lai sua't khoing 20% nhu hifn nay thi DN cung chi hoat dpng cam chiing va khdng hifu qua; cdn ne'u khdng vay dupc vd'n thi pha sin ciing khdng la dieu lg.
Hifn toan viing DBSCLcd hon 100 co sd che'bieh ci tra ddng lgnh vdi cdng suit hon 1,5 trifu tin sin phim/nam. Tuy nhien, tinh trgng thie'u nguyen lifu thudng xuyen xiy ra, nhieu nha miy chi hogt dpng dupc 40 - 50% cdng sua't, ddi sd'ng cdng nhan gap khd khan. Mdt so DN cdn chao hg gii ban san pham ra nudc ngoai, Iam roi ren ca thi trudng,...
Dieu nay vira lam sut giim uy tin, chat lupng san pham thuy sin aia Vift Nam tren thi trudng qud'c te^ vira thif t hgi ldn de'n lpi ich kinh te va tgo dieu kifn cho nudc ngoai quy cho DN thiiy san Viet Nam ban pha gii. Tuy nhien, cic Chi cyc Thiiy san dia phuong khdng dupc giao quyen kiem tra, danh gii hogt dpng ciia cic DN trong nganh minh quan ly, do vay khdng the dua ra bifn phip xir ly cic DN vi phgm. Viec Bp NN&PTNT giao cho eic Chi cue Thu y quan ly nginh NTTS li mpt van de lim cho ngay ci nhieu co quan trong nganh ding tha'y khd hieu va biic xuc.
XK ci tra hang nim dem ve hing ty ddla cho kinh te nudc nha, nhimg ngupc lai, Nha nudc hau nhu chua ed khoan dau tu
THJCHG MW THJY S/lH/Sd 146/TMW6 4/2012 1 1
SL/KIEN/BiNH LUAN
i T
dang ko nio cho nginh n^iy, Tiing khau trong chudi san xiuit san ph.im la lr,i chi dupi' luiang Ipi iai nho tii' ngudn thu XK, nh.Vt la ngudi nudi ca, thgm chi phai chju thua Id Ba Id Thj Tuniif;
Lan, Phd Tdng Thu ky VASli', cho bie't, nam 2011 Nha nmVc da chi khoang 20.000 USD cho hogt dpng xiic tiOn thuang mguMc mat hang TS no\ chung, hoiin loan khdng tu'ong ximg vdi fi Iy kim nggch XK ma nganh mang lgi.
Tang cu'dng nang li^c quan ly cua Nhd nu'd'c
Theo dy bio, kinh te the'gidi van dien bie'n phuc tap va cac rao can thuong mgi, rao can ky thugt van tiep tyc xua't hifn, cd kha nang anh hudng de'n sin xuat va tieu thu ci tra Vift Nam. Do dd, de nganh NTTS ndi chung, san xua't ci tra ndi rieng, phit trien theo hudng cdng nghifp, hifn dgi, hifu qua va ben vimg, rat can cd nhung giai phip ddng bp, tdng hpp va quye't lift hon ciia cic ddi tupng lien quan, trong dd Nha nudc ddng vai tid chii dgo
Nham khic phyc tinh trgng phat trieh tp phit, cic dja phuong can ra soat, danh gii toin bp cac khau trong chudi sin xui't de dieu chinh quy hogch san xua't ci tra mpt each hpp ly. Quy hogch can theo hudng dpng, linh hogt, cd nhieu phuong an Ipa chpn theo dien bie'n thpc tien cac dieu kifn ty nhien va quan hf cung- cau tren thi trudng.
Khung phip Iy, quy chuan quo'c gia ve cha't lugng ca bd' m?, ci tra gid'ng, sin xua't ci tra thuang pham, thiic in thuy sin
SAn xudt vd tido thu cd Ira r3t cdn sg- tiO trgr cOa nhA niKrc - Anh OOC V|nn
ciing can sdm dupc Bp Ndng nghifp va PTNT hoan thifn va ban hanh. Day la hanh lang phip ly de cac co quan chii ning thyc hifn ting cudng quan ly chat lupng san phim.
Nha nudc nen la "cau ndi"
giira DN va ngudi nudi nhim mang lgi lpi ich hai hda cho cac ben. Cin cd nhirng chinh sich ho trp cho DN va ngudi nudi trong vifc vay vd'n, hpp ddng mua bin rd rang, day dii tinh phip ly de DN va ngudi nudi ap dyng khi lien ke't san xua't. Day chinh li tam tu, nguyfn vpng tha thie't oia ci nguoi nudi va DN.
Ngoai ra, de nang cao hifu lpc va hifu qui quan ly cua Nha nudc, cac co quan chuyen mdn can thudng xuyen td chiic tuyen truyen, giao dye y thuc chap hanh cic quy djnh phap lugt Nha nudc, nang cao nhgn thiic ngudi nudi. Tang cudng cdng tic thanh
tra, kiem tra cic co sd san xuat gid'ng, thudc, thii y hda chat, DN va ngudi nudi thuy san tren dja ban moi tinh; xir ly nghiem cac trudng hpp vi phgm.
De' de cao hinh anh ca tra Vift Nam tren thj trudng the gidi, Nha nuoc can lam dau mdi xay dpng lien ke't cac thanh ph&
trong chudi gia trj sin pham ca tra xay dvng chie'n lupc chung marketing toan cau va xay dpng thuong hifu quoc gia sin pham ca tra Vift Nam
Vdi su "nhiing tay" mgnh me hon oia Nha nudc vao chudi sin xua't vi tieu thy ca tra VN, sp nang cao nhgn thiic dan den thay ddi hanh vi ciia timg thanh phan trong chudi theo hudng cd trach nhifm va thuc te hon, nginh san xua't ci tra d DBSCL se phit trien ngay cang hifu qua vi ben viing. •
T.N.B.N
2 THl/ONG MAI THJV SAN / S6 148 /
