Viefriam Joumal of Physiology 13(2), 8/2009 ISSN: 1859-2376
old (89.8%), followed by the group over injuries was trauma to skull and brain, jaw 60 years old (9.2%). Over 70% of patients and face (40.1%), followed by fracture, were male. The highest percentage of dislocated (39.2%), injuries to muscle and injuries on body parts were head, face and tendon (8.7%), and organ avulsion (7.2%).
neck (43.8%), and followed on extremities In this study, therefore, we (27.0%), trunk (14.6%), and multiple recommended appropriate measures for injuries (11.5%). The highest type of traffic injury prevention.
NGHIEN CCPU S y Bl^N D 6 | MOT S6 CHi S6 HUY^T HOC VA HOA SINH M A U
SAU VAN DONG (j NAM SINH VIEN GlAO DUC TH^ C H A T TRU'QNG DAI HOC VINH.
Hoang Thj Ai Khue, Vu Thj Nga Trwdng dai hgc Vinh
Nghien ciru dwgc tien hdnh vdi mpc tidu ddnh gid sw thay doi mdt s6 ehl s6 huyet hgc va hod sinh mdu sau hogt dgng tiie ipc ndi ehung vd sau eh^y mgt so cw ly ndi rieng. Ddi twgng nghien ciru la 45 sinh vidn gido dpc thi diit - trndng dai hgc Vinh. Ket qua nghien cuv eho thay: sau chay 100m vd 400m, s6 lugng hong ciu, s6 lugng bgch ciu, hdm lugng Hb, Het thay doi khdng ddng ki, cdn hdm Iwgng ackJ lactt tdng vdi p<0.001 vd sau chpy 400m hdm luxyng glucose tdng vdi pO. (X)1 so vd7 tr^ng thdi liic yen tinh; sau chay 1500m, cdc chi so nghien cim cao hon luc ydn (inh vd sau ch^y 100m, 400m vdip<0.05-0.001; cdn MCV, MCH, MCHC hiu nhw khdng thay da sau edeewlyehgy.
1. OAT VAN D £ miu din eic ca quan (phin phoi lai). Ciing vdi Trong dilu kipn luc ydn tTnh, thinh phan sy phin phoi lai ddng miu v i ting hoat dpng cua miu ndi chung on djnh. So lupng cie t l ca, cd sy tiiay doi cie thanh phan trong miu.
bio miu, him lugng hemoglobin la eic chf so 06 la thay doi cac chf so huyit hpc va hoi sinh danh gii trinh frpng SCPC khoe cua ca the [2], [7]. mau, cac san phim chuyin hoi do ca sinh ra Khi hoat dpng ca bap, miu dugc dua tir eic [2], [3], [4].
kho dy tru- vao hd thong tuan hoan, luu lugng Trong hopt dpng thi due thi tfiao, nhit l i tuan hoin tang len, mau dupe chuyin din cie hoat dpng sue bin, so lugng hong ciu v i him ca dang hoat dpng nhieu hon [2]. Khi ca hoat lupng Hb cd mil tuong quan tuyin tinh vdi kha dpng vdi cdng suit ting dan thi lugng miu nang thye hien hopt dpng. So lugng hong ciu cung cip cho cie ca quan v i cac md tham gia v i him lupng Hb cua van ddng vien sue b)en van ddng cCing ting, dan din thay dii lupng cang cao, kha nang ket hgp v i vin chuyen oxy
Viefriam Joumal of Physiology 13(2). 8/2009 ISSN: 1859-2376
cang nhieu thi cing ed Igi eho qui trinh trao doi ua khi, so lugng hong cau v i ham lugng Hb CO moi tuang quan thuan vdi dp nhdt eua miu.
Ham lugng Hb qui cao lam cho dp nhdt ciia miu cung ting len, dilu nay giy bit Igi cho tuan hoan mau [2].
ChCing tdi tiin hinh d i tai niy nham gdp phin danh gia su thay doi mpt so chf so huyet hpe v i hoi sinh miu sau hoat dpng the lye ndi chung v i sau chay mpt so cy ly ndi rieng.
2. D 6 1 TU'QNG VA PHU'QNG P H A P NGHIEN CLPU
2.1. Ddi tuo'ng nghien cu'u
Nghien cCm fren 45 nam sinh vien nam thu 2 thupc khoa Giio due thi chit, tmcng dai hpc Vinh.
2.2. Phu-ang phap nghien CLPU
- Xac dmh so lugng hong cau, bach cau, him lugng hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hot), till tich tmng binh hing cau (MCV), him lugng Hb tmng binh (MCH), ndng dp tmng binh Hb (MCHC), bang phirang phap quang pho, tren miy Hycel cua Phap.
- Xic djnh him lugng acid lactic bang phirong phip quang pho enzym.
- Xac djnh ham lugng glucose theo phuang phip glucose oxydase.
3. KfeT QUA NGHIEN CLPU
Kit qua nghien eu-u ve sy bien doi mpt so chi so huyet hpc v i hda sinh miu sau chay 100m, 400m, 1500m duge trinh biy d eic bang 1 •*-3visad6 1.
Kit qua d bang 1 eho thiy:
- Sau chay 100m va 400m, so lugng hong cau tang len khdng ding k i So vdi luc yen tTnh; sd lugng hong ciu sau chay 1500m ting cao han
so vdi luc luc yen tTnh vdi p<0.001. ting so vdi sau chay 100m vdi p<0.01 v i tang cao han sau chay 400m vdi p<0.05.
- Ham lugng Hb, Het sau chay 100m va 400m tang khdng dang k l so vdi khi yen tTnh. Nhung sau chay 1500m, ham lupng Hb v i %HCT ting cao so vdi khi yen tTnh, p<0.001;
6" cie thdi diim, MCV, MCH, MCHC thay doi khdng ding k l sau cac cy ly chay so vdi luc yen tTnh vdi p>0.05.
So lieu d bang 2 cho thiy;
- Cy ti^ng tiiai luc yen tTnh, so lugng v i ty le (%) cua cie loai bach ciu nam frong gidi han sinh ly binh thirdng [3].
Sau chay 100m, 400m s6 lugng bach cau ting len so vdi lue yen tTnh, song khdng ding k i (p>0.05); sau chay 1500m, so lupng bach ciu ting han luc yen tTnh vdi p<0.05;
Sau cac cy ly chay, ty Id bach eiu lympho tang dan d eic cy ly chay 400m v i 1500m, vdi p<0.001 ; ty le bach eiu tmng tinh thay doi khdng danh k i so vdi khi yen tTnh.
So lieu d bang 3 v i sa d i 1 cho thay;
Cy trang thii luc yen tTnh, ham lugng acid lactic v i glucose miu nam frong gidi han binh tiiudng [3]. Him lugng glucose sau chay 100m ting khdng ding k l nhung sau chay 400m v i 1500m him lugng glucose tang cao so vdi luc lue yen tTnh v i sau chay 100m vdi p<0.001; sau diay 1500m ham lugng glucose ting so vdi sau chay 400m vdi p<0.001.
- Ham lugng acid lactic tang dan sau cac cy ly chay vdi sy khac biet p<0.001.
Viefriam Joumal of Physiology 13(2). 8/2009 ISSN: 1859-2376
Bang 1. Sy biin doi mpt so chi so hong cau sau chay cy ly 100m, 400m, 1.500m so vdi khi yen tTnh
Cie chl so huyet
hpc Hing ciu (T/l)
Hb (g/l) Het (%) MCV (fl) MCH (pg)
MCHC(%)
Lue nghf (a)
Sau chay 1(
5.09 ± 0.23 152,2 ±4.5 45,5 ±1.3
89.62 ± 3.74 29.95±1.58 33.42±0,76
30m [b)
400m (c) 5,10 ±0,32 152,3 ±4,7 45,8 ±1,4
89,80
±3,32 29,92±1,85 33,31±0,86
1.500m (d) 5,27 ± 0,29 154,1 ±4,9 46,5 ±1,6
90,07
±4,10 30,08±1,63 33,40±0,76
5,55 ± 0,37 159,4 ±4,2 49,1 ±1,3
90,14
±3,81 29,89±2,00 29,87±0,77
P
a-b; a-c; a-d; b-d; c- d
>0.05; >0.05; <0.001
<0.001;<0.05
>0.05 ;>0.05 ;<0.001
;<0.001 ;<0.001
>0.05 ;>0.05 ;<0.001
;<0.001 ;<0.001
>0.05
>0.05
>0.05 Bang 2. Sy blln doi chi so bpch cau sau chay cy ly 100m, 400m, 1.500m
so vdi khi yen tTnh Cie chf so huyet hpc
SL bpch ciu (G/l) BC trung tinh (%) BC ua acid (%) BC Lympho (%)
Luc yen tTnh 6,92 ±1,45
59,6 ±7,2 4,6 ±1,3 28.8 ± 6.4
Sau chay 100m
6.98 ±1.52 55,7 ±7,8
4,4 ±1,5 30,2 ± 7,2
400m 7,14 ±1,68
54,2 ± 6,5 4.3 ±1,4 33,8 ± 7,8*"
1.500m 7,42 ±1,23*
53,8 ±6,3 4,4 ±1,3 36,0 ± 6,9***
* So sdnh sau cdc ci/ly chay vdi trang thdi luc yen tTnh: *p<0.05; ***p<0.001 Bang 3. Sy biin doi mpt so chf s6 sinh hoi sau chay cy ly 100m, 400m. 1.500m
so vdi khi yen tTnh
^ ^ „ ^ Cie chf s6 Thdidilm ~^~~-^^
Luc yen tTnh (a) Sau chay 100m (b)
Sau chpy 400m (c) Sau chpy 1.500m (d)
Pa-b; a-c; a-d Pb-c; b-d ;c-d
Acid lactc (mmol/l) 2,3 ±0.3 , . 4 ^ ± 0 J
"10.6 ±1,8 12.7 ±2,5
<0.001
<0.001
Glucose (mmol/I) 4,9 ±0,7 5,2 ±1,0 8,3 ±1,2 10,0 ±1,4
>0.05 ;<0.001 ;<0.001
<0.001
Vietnam Joumal of Physiology 13(2), 8/2009 ISSN: 1859-2376
Ven linh Sau chijiy I OOm Sou ch^y •l-OOnn Sau ch^y ) 5 0 0 n i Th&i cli£m
Sa dd 1. Bien doi him lupng acid 4. BAN LUAN
Trong van dpng ca, sy phan bo lai ddng miu phy thupc vao thdi gian hoat dpng va cudng dp eo ea. Sy phin bo lai ddng miu Cling vdi chuyen hoi cac chit khi ca co da lim thay doi him lupng cac chit frong miu. So lugng hdng ciu tang len d l ting van ehuyin oxy eho t i bio hoat dpng. Sy ting hdng ciu din den tang ham lugng Hb v i tang Hct% [2], [7]. Dieu nay thiy rd trong kit qua nghien eCm cua chung tdi, sau chay 100m va 400m, so lugng hong ciu v i Hb cd tang len so vdi khi yen tTnh nhung vdi mCre tang khdng ding k l ; sau chay 1500m, so lupng hing cau, ham lugng Hb va Het tang cao hon nhiiu so vdi luc yen tTnh vdi p<0.001 v i tang so vdi sau chay 100m, 400m vdi muc p<0.05 ^ 0.01. Chung tdi cho ring, sd dT sau chay 10Om v i 400m, so lugng hing ciu va ham lugng Hb ting khdng dang k i la do thdi gian chay ngan, ca the co sy phin bo lai ddng mau nhung ti le mau huy dpng tCr kho dy trii- vio he tuin hoin khdng nhiiu. 6" cy ly chay 1500m vdi thdi gian 4-5 phut, ed sy thoit huyit tuang ra khdi mach lim miu die lai v i eung vdi sy phan phii lai ddng miu da kjp thdi, miu den ca nhiiu, dong thdi sd lugng hdng eiu, him lugng Hb v i Het tang
lactic mau sau mpt so cy ly chay
len cao. Oiiu niy cd Igi cho qui trinh van chuyin oxy den ca d i chuyin hoi nang lugng ua khi xiy ra [2]. Theo Kox (theo [2]), khi van ddng ea, hematocrit d nam tCr 47% tang len 50,7% cdn d nti- tir 42% ting len 47%. Do khi van dgng ea, lugng nude trong huyit tuong di na khdi thinh mach nhieu han (do bii tiet v i chuyen hoi) nen so lugng t i bio miu trong mpt dan vj t h i tich tang len. Sy tang ham lugng Hb v i Hot sau cac cu ly chay tuong Crng vdi sy tang so lupng hong ciu nen MCV, MCH, MCHC sau cie cy ly chay hiu nhu thay doi khdng ding ke (bang 1).
Trong hoat ddng thi lye, so lupng bach ciu tang len, cdng thuc bach cau bj thay doi. Theo Egoxop (theo [2]), khi hoat dpng nhe trong thdi gian ngan, ty le bach eiu lympho tang tCr 20 - 25% len 40 - 45%. Sy thay doi bach cau trong hoat dpng thi due thi thao khdng chf phu thupc vao cdng suit van dpng, thdi gian van dpng m i cdn phu thupc vao tuoi, gidi tinh v i trinh dp tap luyen. So lupng bach ciu tang trong van dpng cd y nghTa quan bpng, giup ea thi ching dpc v i chong nhiim khuin [2], [4]. Trong nghien cCm cua chung tdi, sau chay 100m, 400m so lugng bach eiu ting len so vdi luc yen tTnh song khdng ding k i (p>0.05); sau chay
Viefriam Joumal of PhysioloQV 13(2), 8/2009 ISSN: 1859-2376
1500m, so lugng bach cau tang han ICie luc yen tTnh vdi p<0.05 (bang 2). Sau cie cy ly chpy. ty Ip bach c i u lympho tang dan v i ting cao han d cy ly chpy 400m v i 1500m. vdi p<0.001. Chung tdi cho rang, sau chpy 1500m, so lugng bach cau v i tf le bpch cau lympho tang cao hon l i do san pham chuyen hoi ca bap hoat dpng dao thai vao mau nhieu hon.
Nghien CLPU cua ehung tdi cdn eho thiy, sau chay 100m, 400m, 1500m, ham lugng glucose miu ting len cao din (bang 3). Kit qua nghien CUTJ cua ehung tdi phii hgp vdi nhin xet cua mpt s6 tic gia khi nghien cCm him lugng glucose sau mpt so bii tip the lye [2], [7]. Theo cac tic gia thi khi hoat dpng cdng suit toi da v i dudi toi da, ham lugng glucose huyit tang do qui trinh phan giai glycogen frong gan dirge tang cudng. Sy phin giai glycogen yem khi cd cdng suit Idn nhit sau 30 - 40 giiy v i cd vai trd quyet djnh cung cap ning lugng cho hopt dpng ca keo dai 20 giiy - 2,5 phiit cd sy eo ea manh v i toe dp cao, ham lugng glucose mau cd thi ting den 2g/lit [2], [4]. Tuy nhien khi hoat dpng vdi cdng suit on dinh thi lugng glucose frong mau gin bang muc luc yen tTnh, vi toe dp glucose vao miu va toe dp ca su- dyng glucose gin bang nhau. Khi hoat ddng vdi thdi gian keo dii, nong dp glucose cd the xuong thip han khi yen tTnh, vi muc dy tru- glycogen d ea giam, miPC tieu thy cua t l bio lai cao [4]. Sy thay doi nong dp acid lactic trong miu cho chiing ta bue tranh kha diy du v l cudng dp cua qua binh gluco phan bong t i bao ca [2], [6]. Theo nguon nang lugng sinh hpc khi ea co thi trong chay cy ly 100m,
ning lupng chu yiu liy tCr phan giai CP va mdt phan tir he gluco phin nen him lugng ackJ lactic tang cao han so vdi luc yen tTnh; cdn trong chay 400m, nguon nang lugng cung cip cho ca chu yiu liy tCr dudng phan yem khi, v i trong chay 1500m, nang lugng cung cap eho ca vira liy tir yim khi photphagen vira yem khi gluco phan v i tCr he u-a khi, lugng acW laete ti'eh tu lai v i cung tang cao d trong mau. Dieu niy thay rd trong kit qua nghien cuu cua chiing tdi, sau chay 100m, 400m, 1500m ham lugng acid laetc cao han khi yen tTnh vdi p<0.001 5. KtT LUAN
Sau chay 100m, so lugng hong eiu, bach cau, ham lupng Hb va Hct%, glucose ting khdng dang ke (p>0.05), cdn him lupng acid lactic ting vdi p<0.001 so vdi khi yen Cfnh.
Sau chpy 400m, so lugng hong cau, bach cau, ham lugng Hb, Hct% ting khdng ding kl, cdn bach cau lympho, glucose, acKl lactic tang cao so vdi khi yen tTnh vdi p<0.001.
- Sau chay 1500m, so lugng hong ciu, bach ciu. him lugng Hb, Het, glucose v i acid lactc diu tang cao hon so vdi khi yen tTnh v i sau chay 100m, 400m, vdi p<0.05 -^ 0.001.
TAI UEU THAM KHAQ
1. Duxyng Nghiep Chi (2000), "Met mdi, hoi phyc va dinh dudng cua van dpng vien", Bao cio khoa hpc, Vien Khoa hpc TDTT.
2. LiPU Quang Hiep, Pham Thj Uyen (2003), Sinh ly hpc thi due the thao, NXB TDTT.
3. Nguyin Thi Khanh (2003), XN su dung trong lim sing, NXB Y hpc.
4. V.V Mensicop, N. 1. (1997), Sinh hoi hpc the due the thao, Ngudi djch; Le Quy Phugng v i Vu Chung Thuy, NXB TDTT.
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5. Nishibata I (1993), "Glucose ingestion before and during exercise does not enhance perfomianee of daily repeated endurance exercise", Eur. J. AppI. Physiol. Occup. Physiol., 66(1); 65-69.
6. Wonisch M., Hofmann P.(2002), "Effect of beta (iy selective adrenergic blockade on maximal blood lactate steady state in healthy men", Eur. J. AppI. Physiol., 87(1), pp. 66-71.
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et al. (2002), "Acute hypervolemia lengthens red cell pulmonary transit time during exercise in endurance athletes", Respir Physbl Neurobiol, 131 (3), pp. 255-268.
SUMMARY
Reseach on changes in some hematological and biochemical indexes
after several running distances in students in department of physical education 7?7e study was performed on 45 physical education students at Vinh university. The results showed that: after running for 100 m and 400 m, the number of red and white cells, Hb content, HOT changed inappreciably, while lactic acid level increased (p<0.001). After running for 400 m, glucose level was also higher than that in the resting state (pO.001); However, after running for 1500 m, indexes are higher than those in the resting state and those after 100 m and 400 m running (p<0.05-0.001). Whereas, MCV, MCH, MCHC unchanged by running distances.
