Vietnam Joumal of Physiology 16(2), 8/2012 ISSN: 1 8 5 9 - 2 3 7 6
SUMMARY The role o f the superior colllculus In response to distinct spatial frequencies of
visual stimuli
Le Van Quan*-', Nguyen Minh N u i ' * , Hisao N i s h i j o ' ' , Tran Hal A n h * '
^University of Toyama, Japan 'Military Medical University. Vietnam
'Asian Core Program, JSPS, Japan Received 1 February 2012; nvlaed 24 Aprtl 2012;
accepted 22Auguat 2012 Images contain diffemnt visual information at distinrA spatial fmquencles. Thus, the spatial frequency has effects on processing of vteua/ stimuli of visual subcortical areas and also visual cortex. However, the mIe of distinct spatial frequencies in msponses of the superk>r COBKUIUS to visual stimuli remains undear. In the present study, we used Images of human faces at diffemnt spatial ^equencies
including a bmad spatial fmquency, a low spatial frequency and a high spatial fmquency in a delayed non-matching to sample task to investigate the neumi activity of the superior colltouius in msponse to images of human faces at distinct spatial fmquencles. The msult showed that there wem some neumns which am sensitive to the low spatial frequency and some enothers sensitive to the high spatial fmquency. This msult suggests a cmcial mIe of the superior colltoulus in pmcessing of not only coarse visual information, but also fine visual Information in the visual perception of visual subcortical pathway.
Key words: superior collhulus, spatial frequency, visual stimulus
This work was supported by the Asian Core Program. JSPS, Japan and the Vietnam Ministry of Science and Techriology (2643/QO-BKHCN).
NGHIEN CCrU MOT S 6 CHf S 6 D A P CPNG Cf D A Y T H A N KINH GIO'A ' T R E N B | N H N H A N XO C C T N G R A I R A C
N g u y i n Thj Vdn, N g u y i n T h | Btnh Dglh^cYHdN^l Nhdn bdi 5/6/2012; sda bdi 26/6/2012; chip nhdn ddng 22/8/2012
Xa cdng rdi rdc id binh /j? thin kinh dux^c dgc tnmg bdi si/ mit cde mdng myelin tgi ndo vd tOy din tdi cd thi cd nhOng biiu hi$n bit thudng vi chdc ndng din tmyin xung ddng thin kinh.
Myc tidu cua nghidn cdu ndy IS xdc dinh t^ IS xuit hiin cua cSc sdng N9, N13. N20 vd md ti biiu hr^n bit thudng cOa ba sdng ndy d b$nh nhdn xa cdng rdl rdc. Nghidn cdu ghi diin thi kich thich dm gidc thSn thi cua ddy thin kinh gida duqc tiin hdnh trdn 30 bdnh nhSn dUQV chin dodn xSc dfnh xa cdng rdi rdc Kit qui thu duijc nhu sau: hiu hit eSe b$nh nhSn diu cd sdng N9 (chiim 99,3%), sdng N13 vd sdng N13 bit thudng chiim 80%, /]? id nSy d sdng N20 Id 86,67%. Biiu hiin bit thudng chO yiu d sdng N13 vS sdng N20 IS mit sdng mdt bdn hoic
Td- khda: diin thi kich thfch thSn thi, xa c&ng rdi rdc
Vietnam Joumal of Physiology 16(2), 8/2012
: -2'-: §s,W^
ISSN; 1859-2376
1. DAT VAN Dfi
Phuang phdp ghi didn thd kleh thich (evoked potential, EP) duqfc sd dyng dd ddnh gid chdc ndng ddn truydn xung ding thdn Kinh d hd thdn kinh trung uang. Bidn thd kich thich dudc sd dyng r|ng rdl trong nghidn edu cOng nhu trdn Idm sdng d l ddnh gid chdc ndng dSn truydn vd nhdng ril logn bdnh ly cOa tnrdng hp'p mdt mdng myelin tgl ndo vd tdy 12], [4]. Bdnh xa cdng rdl rde (XCRR) td bdnh vidm eda hd thin kinh tmng uang trong dfl cfl M/ hinh thdnh rdt ddc tnjng cda cde mdng mdt myelin tgi ndo bfl vd tdy sing, btlu hidn ldm sdng khd da dgng Dd chin dodn bdnh, bdn cgnh cdc bldu hidn ldm sdng cfln phdi cfl cdc xdt nghidm djeh ndo tOy, hinh dnh cflng hu^rng td vd ghi didn thd kleh thich. Ghi didn thd kleh thich Id phuang phdp duvc sd dgng khd dan gidn, khflng xdm Idn vd It tin kdm [2], [3]. 6 Vidt Nam didn t h i kich thich cam gidc thdn thd (somatosensory evoked potential, SSEP) cQng duvc sd dyng dd chdn dodn bdnh XCRR, tuy nhidn ehua dudc phi blln rflng rdi. Vdi nghidn cdu ndy chdng tfli sd dgng phuang phdp ghi didn thd kich thich cam gide thdn thi trdn ddy thdn kinh gida dd danh gid chdc ndng ddn truyin tin hidu edm glde td ngogi vi v l trung tdm trdn ede bdnh nhdn duvc ehdn dodn Id XCRR vfli cdc myc tidu: i) xde djnh ty Id xudt hidn cua ba sflng NO, N13, N20 trdn bdnh nhdn xa cdng rdi rdc, vd ii) mfl td bldu hi$n bdt thudng cda ba sflng N9, N13 vd N20 trdn cdc bdnh nhdn xa cdng rdi rdc.
2. D 6 i TifQHG vA PHiraNO P H A P NGHlfiN CI>U
2.1. o i l tuvng nghidn cihi
Nghidn cdu duvc tidn hdnh trdn 30 bdnh nhdn duvc chdn dodn xdc i^nh XCRR (dya theo tidu chudn chdn dodn bdnh XCRR cda
Mc Donald 2001 [7]. Bdnh nhdn dd duoc gldl thich d l hidu cdch do vd ding tinh tham gia vdo nghidn cdu.
2.2. Phirang phdp nghidn cdu - DOng mdy NEUROPACK 8 cda hdng NIHON KOHDEN (Nhdt Bdn) dd ghi Igl cdc ddp dng.
- Phflng ghi ydn ttnh, cfl nhldt dfl vd dO I m I n dinh (nhidt dfl id 25-30''C), khflng gdn cde ngudn phdt didn.
Ky thuft ghi
- Kleh thich ddy thdn kinh gida d ndp gdp c i tay bdng i3dn eye ludng eye, eye dm (cathode) ddt hudng vd phia tmng tdm vd eye duang (anode) hudng vd phia ngpn ehi. Kleh thich bdng xung didn cfl tdn s i 5 Hz, orfl'ng dO dflng didn 4-10 mA (didu chlnh dya vdo ngydng ddp dr>g kich thich cOa Idng bdnh nhdn). Kleh thfch didn 500 Idn idn ddy thdn kinh gida h^ bdn. Didn eye ddt duvc qudn quanh cdng tay.
-- Didn eye ghi: dCing 4 didn eye ghi (hirth 1) trong dfl didn eye hogt dOng (didn eye dm cua tdng cdp duac ddt tgi: 1) vdr^ vfl ndo cdm gidc thdn thd cda tay, 2 em sau C3 (bdn cdu trdi) - g ^ Id C3'. hodc 2 cm sau C4 (bdn edu phdi) - gfli id 04*. theo quy irflre eua hd thing ghi EEG 10-20 quic td (ddt bdn dli didn vdi bdn kich thich); 2) vCing ria cda trdn. chS cda Fpz; 3) trdn dllm CSs (chlnh gida cdt sing d , gida mdm gai C5 vd C6); vd 4) dilm Erb (ngay trdn h i thuvng dfln), cCing bdn vfli ddy gida duac kich thieh; ngodi ra cfln efl mflt didn eye ghi ddt trdn didm Erb bdn dil di$n vdi bdn ddy gida duvc kleh thieh, di$n eye ndy dflng vai trfl didn eye d i i chldu.
Cdc didn eye duvc nii vfli nhau theo sa d i nhu sau: 1) C3' hodc C4' dil chilu vdi Fpz (kdnh 1 vd 2) C3' vd C4' dU chldu vdi dilm Erb bdn dii didn (kdnh 2), 3) cflt sing d C5S dii cNdu vdl Fpz (kdnh 3), vd 4) td dilm Erb
V i e l n a m J o u m a l of Physiology 16(2), 8/2012 ISSN: 1 8 5 9 - 2 3 7 6
cCing b6n a4i clliSu viW ai&n Erb b«n a6l d i j n y i u tip v6 nSo c4m giic, kSnh 3 cho ai$n tli4 (kenh 4). V * i c4ch mSc iJi#n cue nhu v$y, tU cOt sing c6, kSnh A cho (Jijn t h i til' aim r i i kSnh 1 v i 2 cho ta c i c di^n thA thu (Ju'yc chil cSnh tay.
Hlnli 1. Hi thing mSc ffi$n cu'c hoat d i n g vd di$n cue ghi SSEP ir ddy thdn kinh gi&a tay trdi.
3. K t r QUA NGHIEN c i r u tinh tCr thi^i diim kich thich d i n dinh cua cdc K i t qud thu dUTC Id 4 Oiftmg ghi g i m ba sing) vd k i t qua Id b i t thu&ng 6- nhQ'ng b i n h . sing N9, N13 vd N20 (hinh 2). Ddnh gid cdc nhdn khing cd s i n g hoic t h i i gian t i i m tdng sing d ^ vdo thdi gian t i i m tdng (thiri gian kdo ddi.
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2^5*
^y .,_^ iwv
^.., ...,2x-/^
^m/div A3 VP lUTEfi'ML
A l . - « :NTEPVAL
M-M . 3..2f ¥
°9 -N9 KM -M13 , 5 . 3 5 M MM -N9 e.sewB
Hinh 2. Bdn ghi SSEP khi kich thich ddy giSa » c i tay - Buirng gW A1 t£p C4'-FPz
- Bu&ng ghi A2 tCr C4'-EP2
- Buirng ghi A3 tCr CSS-FPz - B u i r n g g h i A4tCpEPI-EP2
Vietnam Joumal of Physiology 16(2), 6/2012 ISSN; 1859-2376
3.1. Sfjr xuit hiin cdc sing
Kit qud ndy Stive trinh bdy trin bdng 1.
Bdng 1. Tin suit xuit Nin cdc sing ir cdc binh nhin XCRR.
Sing N9 N13 N20
Blnh thui'ng n
28 6 4
93,33 %
20,00 13,33
Bitthir»ng n
2 24 2S
6,67 %
60,00 88,67 Kit qud trin bdng 1 cho thiy t} l i sing
N13 vd N20 bit thuimg cao hon hin (lin luct Id 80,00 vd 66,67%) so vM cdc sing N13 vd N20 blnh thui'ng (20,00 vd 13,33%), trong khi
d i sing N9 hiu hit c i 19 l i blnh thuimg (93,33%).
3.2. Biiu hlin bitthirirng cika cic sing Kit qud ndy dUgv trinh bdy trin bdng 2.
Bdng 2. Biiu hiin bit thui'ng cOa cdc sing SSEP.
Sing N9 N13 N20
Tdng thii gian tiim tdng n 2 9 8
100 %
37,50 30,77
Khing c i sing mit bin n 0 7 4
0,00 %
29,17 15,38
Kbingcising hai bin n 0 8 14
0,00 %
33,33 53.85 Kit qud trdn bdng 2 eho thiy bdnh XCRR
cfl bdt thudng v l sflng NO Id tdng thfli gian tilm tdng chd khflng mdt sflng, bdt thudng N13 vd N20 vda bldu hidn bdng tdng thdl gian lllm tdng vd mdt sflng.
4. BAN LUAN
Trong s i 30 bdnh nhdn tham gla nghidn cdu cfl dfl tuli chd ydu Id td 20-50, ngu'di Idn tuii nhdt Id 59 vd trd nhdt id 15 tuii, tuii tmng blnh Id 37,27 ± 11,73, ddy Id Ida tuli lao ding chlnh cda xd hfli vl vdy nfl dnh hudng rdt Idn ddn c^dt iuvng cu$c sing cda bdnh nhdn, gla dinh vd xd hdJ.
Trong s i cde bdnh nhdn tham gia nghidn cdu, si bdnh nhdn nd chllm ty Id 70%. Ty Id mdc bdnh cda bdnh nhdn nd cao han so vdi
d nam gidl, didu ndy cOng phCi h^rp vdi cdc nghidn cdu tnn^c ddy trdn bdnh nhdn XCRR [1], [9], [10]. Ty Id nam/nd d chdu Au " 1,1/3,4 [91, trdn thd ^'fli Irung blnh khodng 1 nam, 2 nd (nam/nd - 0,4-0,67). Nghidn edu ndm 2004 trdn 1889 bdnh nhdn d Nhdt Bdn cho thdy ty Id nanVnd - 1/2,9; d Odi Loan ty Id nd/nam Id 4,4/1. Nhidu tdc gid nhdn xdt rdng bdnh ndy nd gdp nhidu hon nam id do cfl lidn quan din thdi ky cfl thai vd hdu sdn [6], [10].
Trong s i 30 bdnh nhdn duve nghidn edu, chl cfl 2 t>$nh nhdn cfl sflng N9 bdt thudng, dfl Id tdng thdl gian tidm tdng, cfln lai if 28 bdnh nhdn (93,33%) cfl sflng N9 blnh thudng.
Nhimg vdl sflng N13, thi xu&t hidn bdt thuflng
chiim ty Id cao (80%), vd sdng N20 bdt
Vietnam Joumal of Physiology 16(2), 8/2012 ISSN: 1 8 5 9 , - 2 3 7 6
thudng chllm 86,67% (bdng 2). K i t qud ndy cdng phfj h^p vdi bdo cdo cda Nguydn Hdu Cflng [2] vd nghidn cdu trdn t h i gldl [5]. Khi kich thieh ddy gida cfl ba didn t h i Id N9, N13 vd N20. N9 ghi d ddm r i l cdnh tay vd khflng thay d i i trong cdc bdnh ly tdy s i n g hay ndo.
N13 ghi d tdy c i , cfln N20 ghi duvc trdn sp ndo. Do dfl, N13 vd N20 id hai sflng SSEP quan trgng nhdt thude hd thdn kinh tmng uang khi kleh thich ddy gida, ddc bidt cfl y nghTa Id N20.
Trong s i 24 bdnh nhdn cfl sflng N13 bdt thudng 9 bdnh nhdn cfl tdng thdl gian tidm tdng (37,5%), 15 bdnh nhdn khflng efl sflng N13 (62,5%), trong dfl khflng cfl sflng mflt bdn Id 7 bdnh nhdn, mdt h i n sflng N13 cd hai bdn id 33,33%. Vfli sflng N20 cfl 8 bdnh nhdn tdng thdi gian t i l m tdng, 18 bdnh nhdn mdt sflng N20 (69,23%), trong dfl 14 bdnh nhdn (53.85%) mdt hdn N20 cd hai bdn bdn cdu (bang 2). K i t qud ndy p^ii hyp vfli cdc nghidn cdu cua Nguydn Hdu Cflng cOng nhu mflt s i tdc gid trdn thd ^ f l i , ndu bidu hifln Idm sdng tuang d i i rfl thi SSEP bdt thydng khodng 80% (bat kd efl r i l loan cam gidc trdn Idm sdng hay khflng). n l u Idm sdng khflng rfl tht SSEP bat thudng d khodng 25 - 35% s i bdnh nhdn [2], [5J, [6]. Cf nghidn cdu ndy cdc bdnh nhdn d l u duac ehdn dodn xdc djnh id XCRR dya frdn tdm sdng vd cflng hudng t d . Cfln theo Eisen vd cs. [8], didn t h i ddp dng eda tOy c l (N13) bdt thudng d 4 1 % , vd t f id SSEP bdt thudng tdng Idn tdi 50% khf tinh tdi cd cae ddp dng d vd ndo do ngNdn cdu ndy thyc Ndn trdn nhdng bdnh nhdn nghi ngd bi XCRR.
5. K ^ LUAN
- Trong s i 30 bdnh nhdn XCRR thi 99,33% cfl sflng N9 blnh thuflfng. trong khi ty id bdt
thudng cda sflng N13 vd N20 idn luyt Id 80%
vd 86,67%.
- B i l u hidn b i t thudng chd ydu cda sflng N13 vd N20 Id m i t sflng mflt bdn ho$c hai bdn.
T A I L l f U THAM K H A O
1. N g u y i n Vfin Ciiuwng (2003) Xa ndo tdy rdl rdc. Bdnh hpc thdn kInh (gido trInh gidng day sau dai hpq). NXB Qudn dfll nhdn ddn, Hd Nfli, tr.346-351.
2. N g u y i n Hdu Cflng (1998) E}ldn t h i gal cdm gidc thdn thd. Chdn dodn. didn vd bdnh ly thdn kinh ea. NXB Y hpe, tr.84-95.
3. Ld IMinh, Trdn Ngpc Tdi, Trdn Thanh HOng vd cs. (20Q3) Nhdn (^nh budc d l u vd xa cdng rdi rdc d Vldt Nam: khdo sdt tidn cdu 13 trudng h p p Tap ehl Y hpc Thdnh p h i H i Chl Minh 7:43-55.
4. Chlappa KH (1997) Evoked Potentials In Clinical Medicine, Short-Latency Somatosensory Evoked Potentials:
Methodology pp. 283-339. Philadelphia:
Uppincott Raven.
6. Ebers G. (1999) Natural history of multiple sclerosis. In: Alastair Compston McAlplne's Multiple Sclerosis, 3rd ed, pp 191-221, Churchill Livingstone, London.
6. Kurtzke JF (1993) Epidemiologic evidence for multiple sclerous as an infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 6(4):382-427.
7. Me Donald Wl, Compston A, Edan G^ et al. (2001) Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple selenssls: guidelines from the international Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol.
50:121-127.
8. Michael JA, Elsen A (1998) Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs).
In: Eleetrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology 3th ed. Churchill LivingstOTe, pp. 571-603.
Vietnam Joumal of Physiology 16(2), 8/2012 ISSN: 1 8 5 9 - 2 3 7 6
9. Ramagopalan SV, Byrnes JK, Orton SM, et al. (2010) Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis and clinical phenotype. Eur J Neurol.
17(4):634-637.
10. Vukusic S, Hutchinson M, Hours M, et al.
(2004) Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis (the PRIMS study): clinical predictors of post-partum relapse. Brain 127(Pt 6).1353-1360.
SUMMARY
Short latency somatosensory evoked potential studied In multiple sclerosis
patients
Nguyen Thi Van, Nguyen Thi Blnh Hanoi Medical University Received 5 June 2012; reviled 2t June 2012;
accepted 22 Auguat 2012
Multiple sclemsis (MS) is a disease of the nerve system with degemtfve myelin sheath of nerve cells In the bmin and spine causing disorder of signal transmisston. This study determined the pnsence ofN9, N13, N20 and describing abnonnality of those three waves In MS patients. Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) was mcorded after stimulating the medial nerve In 30 MS patients. The msults showed that N9 was recorded in almost patients (99.3%), but neither for N13 nor N20. Abnormal N13 and N20 appeamd in 80% and 86.67% of the patients, mspectrvely.
The abnormal SEPs wem mainly unilateral or bilateml absence of N13 and N20.
Key words: som^osensoty evoked potential, multiple sclemsis
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*Chu<mg trinh Asian Core, JSPS. Nhft Bin Nhdn bdi 10/8/2012; sda bdl 16/8/2012; chdp nhdn ddng 22/8/2012
NghiSn cdu dd(/c tiin hSnh trdn 45 chudt nhit dt^ tring. khde mgnh. tmng Aipng 20-30 gam. Muc tidu nghidn cOv Id ddnh gid tde dvng cOa clozapine Idn mdt sd hogt <^ng vin ddng.
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