584 TUYEN TAP KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 50 NAM... TAP II
CAU TRUC
T 6 V A P H A N B 6 C A C K H O A N G T 6 C U ALOAI
M 6 I ODONTOTERMES HAINANENSIS(ISOPTERA; MACROTERMITINAE) TREN OE MliN BAC VIET NAM TRONG KHONG GIAN 3 CHIEU
TS. Trinh Vdn Hgnh Le Quang Thinh Nguyen Thi My
Summary:
Nest structure and distribution of cavities Of Odototermes hainanensis (Isoptera; Macrotermitinae) on dike in three dimension space
Centre for Termite Control Research, Institute of Water resource
Odontotermes hainanensis is one of many termite species that build the underground large nest. Hence, they damage the damp and dike very critically. The nest of Odontotermes hainanensis include royal shell, mail chamber, secondary, cavities, empty cavities, Termitomyces garden.... The present researches have not mentioned to three dimension nest structure of this species. The three dimension model in this research described relatively distribution of nest cavities of Odontotermes hainanensis on dike in three dimension space. ^
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I. DAT VAN D^
Odontotermes hainanensis la mdt trong nhirng loii mdi cd khoang td ldn nhat trong dat ldn nhit. Tren cac tuyen de sdng d mien Bac Viet Nam, Odontotermes hainanensis li loii cd phan bd phd bien nhit vi chiing dugc xem la ddi tugng gay hai ldn nhit ddi vdi he thdng de sdng Hdng [2]. Hien nay, cdng tic khoan phyt viia set dl lap bit td mdi cua loii nay cdn gap nhieu khd khin; mpt sd khoang chua dugc lip bit hoan toan. Dieu nay xiy ra do chiing ta chua hieu biet can ke, chi tilt ciu triic td cua loii mdi Odontotermes hainanensis tren de.
Cho din nay, nhiing dan lieu ve ciu tnic td cua loii niy cdn ngheo nan, mdi chi cd md ti ve sy phin bd khoang td tren mat cit thing dung trong nghien ciiu cua Bui Cdng Hiin vi cpng sy (2000) [1], chua thay cd tii lieu nao md ti vl ciu tnic khdng
Vien Khoa hpc Thuy lgi Viet Nam. Ngudi phin bien: GS.TS. Hi Quang Hiing
gian td cua loii niy. Vi viy, chiing tdi tien hanh nghien ciiu ciu tnic td va phan bd cic khoang td ciia loii mdi Odototermes hainanensis tren de miin Bic Viet Nam trong khdng gian 3 chieu nham gdp them hilu biet vl ciu tnic td, gdp phin ning cao hieu qui phdng trir loii mdi Odontotermes hainanensis.
II. PHU'aNG PHAP NGHIEN CQ-U 1. Th&i gian
Thyc hien trong khoing tir thing 3 din thing 6 nim 2006, li thdi gian loii mdi Odontotermes hainanensis bay giao hoan phin dan. Nhd vio diu hieu cua nip phdng dgi bay va cic lo bay giao hoan phin dan nen rit thuin lgi cho qui trinh khao sit khoanh viing can dao td mdi.
2. Dia diim
Thyc hien dao giii phiu td mdi Odontotermes hainanensis tren 2 doan de li Ti Song Diy - huyen U'ng Hoi - tinh Ha Tay vi Hiru Sdng Chu - huyen Thieu Hoi - tinh Thanh Hoi. Ket qui giii phau ciia 6 td dugc trinh biy tai bing 1.
Bdng 1. Sd lieu Idng hgp cita 6 Id thuc hien gidi phdu Irong nghien ciru
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Dja diem phiu Vi tri phiu Thdi gian phlu 06 d6c mat de Khoang each tir viing phiu tdi mat de Chieu dai viing phlu (X)
Chieu rong viing phlu (Y)
S6 luang lat cit So luang 16 bay giao hoan phan dan S6 luang khoang r6ng S6 luang khoang c6 vudn cay nam Chieu sau khoang chinh
Tim thay hoang cung v i mdi chiia
To so 1 Ta S6ng
Day K50-K51 Thing 4
-
20cm 200cm
70cm 5 23 15 26 110cm Kh6ng
T 6 S 6 2
Ta Song Day K51-K52 Thing 4
-
55cm 190cm
85cnn 7 15 17 12 104cm
Co
To SO 3 Huu S6ng
Chu K42-K43 Thang 5
-
125cm 130cm 75cm
6 18 21 3
-
Kh6ng
To s6 4 Huu S6ng
Chu K32-K33 Thing 5
-
120cm 200cm 70cm
7 26 15 11 67cm Khong
To so 5 Huu S6ng
Chu K33-K34 Thing 5
-
200cm 200cm 120cm 10 21 25 4
-
Kh6ng
T 6 S 6 6
Ta S6ng Day K52-K53 Thing 7
23°
110cm 280cm 285cm 18 32 13 16 70cm
Co
586 TUYEN TAP KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 50 NAM... TAP II 3. Phwffng phdp
(+) Phuang phdp xdc dinh td mdi Odontotermes hainanensis tren de: Tien hanh khio sit sinh hpc, sinh thii tren I doan de dya tren sy xuat hien cua nip phdng dgi bay va lo bay giao hoan phan dan trong miia sinh sin cua loii mdi niy
(+) Phuang phdp ddo nghien cicu cdu trite Id mdi tren de: Qui trinh dio td mdi dupe tiin hinh theo cic budc sau: Khoanh viing dl dao td mdi. Trung tam ciia viing giai phiu la viing tap trung lo bay giao hoan phan dan. Toan bp viing giii phau sau dd dugc bdc ldp cd bl mat sau khoing 5cm. Viec loai ldp cd nay nhim myc dich tim ra cac Id thdng khi nip dudi ldp cd. Ld thdng khi ciia loai mdi Odontotermes hainanensis thudng dugc ndi tir khoang chinh len bl mat mii de. Do vay, Id thdng khi la diu hieu ding tin eay dl dy doan dudi vimg giii phau cd khoang chinh td mdi. Ldp cd niy dugc giu lai de sau khi giai phau se hoan tri Iai cinh quan cho viing da dugc dio. Thyc hien cat timg Idp theo ehilu thing diing, song song vdi chieu dai de. Cic lit cit dugc bd tri tir phia chin de tiin din len mat de. Moi lit cit cich nhau mdt khoang cich nhat dinh (20cm). Md hinh giii phiu dugc trinh bay d hinh 1.
Tren moi lit eit ein xic dinh vi tri cua khoang rdng (khoang khdng cd vudn nam), khoang cd vudn nim, dudng giao thdng va dugc ghi chep diy du cac thdng sd, bao gdm:
Khoang cich tdi bl mat (zi); cich mep trii lit cit (x;); khoing cich giua hai lit cit (yi);
chiiu cao khoang vi dudng giao thdng (h); chieu rdng khoang va dudng giao thdng (d);
khoing cich tir cic khoang phy tdi khoang chinh (u).
Sd lieu thu thip dugc ciing vdi inh chyp cic lit cit ngoii thyc dia se dugc xir li bing phin mem Ecxel va Photoshop nham md hinh hda chinh xac mdi lit cat tren bieu dd 2D. Khoang chinh, khoang phy rdng, khoang phy cd vudn nam, hang thdng khi vi hang giao thdng dugc ky hieu rieng tren md hinh 2D cic lit cit.
(+) Phuang phdp xdy dung md hinh 3 chieu bdng phdn mem Maya 3D: Toan bp md hinh 2D the hien cic lit cat ciing vdi inh chup ngoai thyc dia cua mot td mdi (gdm khoang chinh, khoang rdng vi khoang cd vudn nam) dugc xir Ii bang phan mem Maya 3D de md phdng sy phin bd cac khoang td loai mdi Odontotermes hainanensis tren de trong khdng gian 3 chieu.
- j/f^ Vims tap tiling 16 iiav siao lioa
Ky hieu tren bieu d5 2D Excel
• : Khoang chi'nh
• . Khoang rong -^ : Khoang co vuon nJm
Hinh L Mo hinh thuc hien cdt ldp td mdi Odontotermes hainanensis tren de
111. K^T QUA VA THAO LUAN
Tren 2 doan de T i Sdng Diy va Hiru Sdng Chu cd rit nhieu td cua loii moi Odontotermes hainanesis. Tuy nhien, trong do chi chpn 6 td (cd nhieu lo bay giao hoan phan dan va viing lo bay giao hoan phan din tip trung) d l tiin hanh giii phau. Die biet chi chpn td sd 6 de xiy dyng md hinh 3 chieu vi td n i y cd diy du cie dan lieu d l cd thi xay dyng md hinh 3 chieu tren phin m i m Maya 3D.
/. Mirc dp phan bo cdc khoang phu (bang 2, 3)
Bdng 2. Muc dp phdn bd cdc khoang phu trong td mdi theo dp sdu so vai mat mdi de
TT 1 2 3 4 5
06 sau ttf mit mil de (cm)
0 - 1 9 20-39 40-59 60-80
>80
Tl le (%) CO khoang to T 6 S 6 1
64,29 7,14 16,67
7,14 4,76
To so 2 19,35 45,16 9,68 19,35
6,45
T 6 S 6 3 41,67 37,50 12,50 8,33 0,00
To s6 4 29,63 48,15 3,70 14,81
3,70
To s6 5 44,83 34,48 3,45 3,45 13,79
T 6 S 6 6 20,00 43,33 26,67 10,00 0,00 Ket q u i bang 2 cho thay, khoang phy thudng tap trung d gin be mat mai de (khoing < 39cm). Theo sd lieu thdng ke thi ti le % sd khoang phin bd tir dp siu dudi 39cm tinh tir mat de Ii rit cao. Ti le nay d 6 td lin lugt la: 71,43% (td sd 1); 64,52% (td s6 2); 79,17% (td sd 3); 77,78% (td sd 4); 79,31% (td sd 5) v i 63,33% (td sd 6).
Bdng 3. Mice dp phdn bd cdc khoang phu Irong td mdi Iheo cu ly bdn kinh so v&i khoang chinh
TT 1 2 3 4
Cu ly ban kinh (cm) 0-49 50-99 100-150
>150 Tong c6ng
To so 1 KR
0 2 11 2 15
KVN 2 1 19 4 26
To so 2 KR
2 9 5 3 17
KVN 3 3 4 2 12
To so 4 KR
3 6 6 0 15
KVN 0 6 5 0 11
To so 6 KR
1 7 2 3 13
KVN 1 9 4 4 16 Ghi chii: KR: Khoang rdng (khoang khdng cd vuan ndm), KVN: Khoang cd vuan ndm.
Qua bing 3 cho thiy, da sd cic khoang thudng phin bd cich khoang chinh tir 50cm din 150cm. Ti le nay d 4 td (nhung td tim thiy khoang chinh) la: 80,5% (td sd 1), 72,4% (td sd 2), 88,5% (td sd 4) va 75,9% (td sd 6).
588 TUYEN TAP KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 50 NAM... TAP II
2. Xdy dung biiu do 2D cdc lat cdt
Tir anh chyp ngoai thyc dia (hinh 2) va sd lieu thu dugc, bing phan mem Excel chiing tdi da tiin hinh md hinh hoa timg lit cit cua toan bp 6 td dudi dang bieu do 2D (hinh 3). Kit qui niy da md t i tuang ddi chinh xic va toan dien ve cac lit cit.
Hinh 2. Anh chup ngodi thwc dia lat cdt sd 13 td so 6
0 n 10 • 20 • 30 40 • 50 : 60
70 • 80 • 90 • 100 • 110 120 -
( ) 20
S a do lat cit s6 13
r-
• /
Hang giao thong
•
- ^ . - \
v_
Khoang co vuon cay nam
Khoang rong
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 X
Hinh 3. Bieu db 2D bieu dien lat cdt sd 13 to mdi sd 6 bdng phdn mim Excel 3. Cdu trdc td vd phan bd cdc khoang td cia lodi mdi Odontotermes hainanenis tren de trong khdng gian 3 chiiu
Tir cic lit cit 2D nhu hinh 2, hinh 3 va dua vao phan mem Maya 3D, chiing tdi xay dyng md hinh khdng gian 3 chieu ve sy phan bd cua cic khoang trong td mdi. Day la phin mem chuyen nginh diing de xiy dyng nen cac vat the trong khdng gian 3 chieu. Md hinh se cung cip viee nhin nhan toin dien, da chieu ve su phin bd cac khoang (tim thay trong qui trinh giii phiu td) ciia td mdi Odontotermes hainanensis tren de trong khdng gian 3 chieu. Dudi day la mpt loat hinh anh d nhimg gdc dp chyp
khic nhau cua td mdi mi chiing tdi thu dugc sau khi da sii dung phin mim Maya 3D de xir ly (Hinh 4, 5 v i 6).
Hmh 4. Cdu triic khdng gian 3 chiiu td mdi Odontotermes hainanensis nhin theo hw&ng xiin gdc v&i mat di
Hoang cung Khoang c6 vuon nam
Khoang rong
Mai de
Hinh 5. cdu true khdng gian 3 chiiu td mdi Odontotermes hainanensis nhln theo hw&ng song song v&i mat di
590 TUYEN TAP KHOA HOC CONG NGHE 50 NAM... TAP II
Hoang cung
^X
Khoang c6 vuon nam ..^ Q
X
Maide
Khoang chinh
Khoang rong
Hinh 6. cdu trdc khdng gian 3 chiiu td mdi Odontotermes hainanensis nhln theo hw&ng vudng gdc v&i mat de
Qua cic hinh 4, 5 va 6 cho thiy, hoing cung thudng d nira phan tren cua khoang chinh. Ben canh cic khoang cd vudn nam li cic khoang khdng cd vudn nim. Nhu viy, chiing td ring vi tri phin bd ciia cic khoang khdng cd vudn nam v i khoang cd vuim nim khdng lien quan den vai trd cua chiing trong ciu tnic td.
IV. K^T LUAN
Trong nghien cmx niy, chiing tdi da xay dyng thinh cdng 1 md hinh khdng gian va sy phan bd cie khoang td loai mdi Odontotermes hainanensis tren de Ti Sdng Diy trong khdng gian 3 chieu vdi diy du cic thinh phin nhu hoang cung, khoang chinh, khoang rdng vi khoang cd vudn nim. Tuy nhien md hinh chua md ta dugc he thdng phuc tap cac hang giao thdng lien ket cic khoang trong td. Vi vay, trong thdi gian tdi can thyc hien nhiing nghien ciiu tiep theo nhim xay dyng md hinh hoin chinh cau tnic cua td loii mdi niy trong khdng gian 3 chieu bao gdm diy du tat ca cac thanh phan trong cau tnic td. Ket qua dd se gdp phin quan trpng trong cdng tic nghien ciiu ciing nhu phdng trir loai mdi nay die biet la trong cdng tic khoan phyt set lap bit td mdi tren de, dap.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. Bili Cdng Hiin, Nguyin Van Quing, Ngd Trudng Son, Le Vin Trien v i Trinh Vin Hanh (2000), "Thinh phin loii mdi hai de viing Hi Ndi va mgt sd die diem ciu tnic td ciia loai Odontotermes hainanensis (Isoptera: Termitidae)", Nhiing vdn di nghien cicu ca bdn trong sinh hoc. Nha xuit ban Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi, tr. 367 - 371.
[2]. Ngd trudng Som (2005). "Thinh phin loai mdi tren de sdng Hdng", Bdo cdo khoa hgc vi sinh thdi vd tdi nguyen sinh vgt. Nha xuit bin Ndng nghiep, V.4-1, tr. 205-209.
