Hinh dnh minh hpa xay difng khu vifc kS Guam vdphif cdn (Iheo^ tudngphifc vg cu$c thl)
DE XUAT XAY DUNG KHONG GIAN DO THI MOI TRU6NG KHU VUC HO H O A N KIEM BAT D A U TLT P H A T
TRIEN KHONG GIAN N G A M
Ryosulce Kimura Nikken Sekkei Civil Engineering Ltd
1. Hi^n trgng v i t h i c h thuv
ChQng ta d l dang bat gap canh rit nhieu ngudi din H i Nfli dl dgo quanh H 6 Guam v i o moi sing sdm. Ho Guam vdi nhung ciy phuyng vT d thy ven bd v i eon ngudi tuol t r i da trd thinh hinh anh hit sue thin quen. Cd the ndi Ho Guam l i trai tim eua Ha Npi, la not than thuang nhit d l i vdi ngudi d i n d Vigt Nam
Bull trua, quanh HP Guom ed rit nhieu khach du Ijch. Khu vye phy cgn H i Guam ngeai khu p h i e i cQng hinh thanh cac tuyen p h i cd gia trj ljch s& van hda cao dgc trung eho Ha Ngi, la diim tham quan quan trpng cQa H i Npi. Tgi khu vye Ho Guam, khflng chi Ho Guam m i nhung tuyin phi lan cgn nhu L i That To, Tring Tiln, khu vye nha
thd d i u cd net quyin rfl rit rieng, du khich ed the thudng thuc H i Nfli bang cich di dao v i kham pha nhung net h i p d i n ciia cac khu vye dd.
Viit Nam la dan tflc cd y th&c cao v l mfii trudng. Trong cudc dilu tra, khi duyc hdi v i muc san sang chi tra mpt phin thu nhgp cho mfli trudng thi s6 ngudi ding y d Viet Nam nhilu han han so vdi My. Nhit Ban va Trung QuIc (Theo dilu tra Worid Values Survey).
Ngay nay n i u hdi d n gi cho Ho Guam, thi c i u tra Idi la cung d p khdng gian md cflng cflng cho ngudi dan thanh pho v i eung d p khfing gian di bp an toin, thpii m i l cho khaeh du ljch. Ngoii ra, c i n phai b i o t i n cic tuyin p h i co g i i trj ljch su van hda cao v6n la nguIn t i i nguyin du ljch va tgo ra cic khu p h i thin thiin vdi mdi tnj'dng.
So do md hinh phdt tnen thong nhdl ga tau diin ngam vd cdng trinh kiin tr Sdn trude ga tau di4n n\
Tuy nhiin, khu vye l i n c i n Ho Guam hau nhu d i duae phii kin, r i t khd d l ed thim c i c khoang khflng gtan mdt. Hon nua luu luyng gtao thfing CO gidi cd xu hudng ngay cang tang, trong tuong lal g i n , un t i c giao thdng v i tat nan giao thfing se l i thich thuc ldn cho khu vuc niy.
Do vgy, d l ed the dam bao khdng gtan edng cdng va eal thien mdt trudng khu vuc H 6 Guam d n cd nhung glal phap quyit ligt.
2. Th6>i c a t a i phat trien
Tuyin dudng s i t do thj s i 1 duoc quy hoach chgy dgc theg hudng Bic Nam d t qua khu phia Dfing cua Ho Guam. Vigc xay dyng ga tau dten ngam la thdi ea tuyet vdi nhim thuc hiin cic giai phip quyet Hit cho khu vuc phy c i n Ho Guam.
Cd t h l tim thay rat nhilu vf dy tai Nhit Ban d l i vfi'i c i c dy i n xay dyng nha ga tau diin ngim kit hyp vdi tai phat triln khdng gian dd thj khu vuc phy cgn nha ga. Vf dy nhu khu vye Midtown Tokyo duyc t i i phat triln khi di ddi try sd eo quan hinh chinh cung thdi dilm v i thong nhit vdi xay dung ga t i u diin ngam, da thye su tgo ra khdng gian dfi thj phong phQ va khong gian cong cpng md.
Nhu viy, d n phai tai xay dyng khflng gian dfl thj nhu the nao d l phQ hyp vdi xay dung ga t i u diin ngam? C i n phai thye hien xiy dyng dd thj nhu Uil n i o d l thda man nhu d u xa hpi doi vdi khu vye Ho Guam?
Dudi d i y se la 3 giai phap tra Idi eho cic c i u hdi trin.
a. Bi xuit 1
Phat tnln do thj dong thdi va thong nhit vdi n h i ga tau dign ngam.
Nen thye hign phit triin dfi thj x i y dung c i c cflng trinh kiin tnic dong thdi v i thong nhat vdt n h i ga tau dign ngim.
Dy an MM21 Yokohama tien hinh xay dyng nha ga tau dign ngam va c i c cdng trinh kiln tnic thinh mflt d u tnic thing nhat phat trien phue
hop quy md ldn cac cfing trinh phye vy thuang mgi, van phdng, khich san,... Ga tau dign ngam duoc xay dyng trong l5 thflng gid eye ldn cua tda nha, da tgp ra khdng gian ddng. Viec phat t n l n niy mang lai 3 hieu q u i nhu dudi diy:
- Dau tien, l i xay dyng duyc mgng ludi khdng gian ngudi di bd l i p the nhd sir dyng khdng gian ngam. Nhd vgy ma tfnh tign dyng v i an t o i n cua ngudi di bfl duyc c i i thiin d i n g k l . Hign nay, so ngudi chit do tai ngn giao thdng tai Vigt Nam, da trd thinh van d i h i t sire nghiim trpng, do vgy vigc x i y dyng khfing gian an t o i n d i n h cho ngudi di bd d khu vye do thj ngiy mdt trd nen d p bach. D61 vdi ngudi Ha Nfli va khach du ljch thi v i n d l c i i thien mdi trudng dl bg se mang lai hliu qua, dua khu vye Hd Guam trd thinh khu p h i di bp than thien.
^ u a l I n » *! J " J j - . — • —I
Sa do h$ thong bai dd. Hinh dnh mmh hpaga tdudi$n ngam tgi khu vifcHd Guam (theoy tirovgphge vy cugc thi)
- Tilp theo, cic cdng trinh da dgng kit nli tn,rc tiep vdi ga t i u diin ngim l i d e cflng trinh cd tinh thu^n tign ve mat gtao thflng rit cao.
Nhung ngudi su dyng cic cfing trlnh niy se uu tiin s& dyng t i y dien ngim hon la s& dyng xe fl td khi dl chuyin. Nhu the se mang Igi hieu qui thiic d i y su dyng tau diin ngim. Nlu mit cdng xay dyng t i u diin ngim m i ngudi sir dyng igi it thi hlflu q u i diu tu se thip. Do viy, nin i p dyng phuang phip TOD (phit triln theo ^nh hudng giao thdng cflng e|ng). l i phuong phip xiy dyng thgt nhiiu cflng trinh kit nli tryc tilp vdi ga dudng sat, qua dd gia tang s6 ngudi sir dyng dudng d t , dgt k i t q u i l i hliu q u i diu tu ting eao. Viflc i p dyng phuang phip TOD cung l i mflt y i u t l quan trpng trpng vlfle thuc day phat triln quy hogch dfi thj thin thign vdi mfli trudng.
- Hieu qua thu 3, dd l i vigc dam bao tfnh kha thi cQa cic dy an tii phit triln dfi thj nhd kit hyp gi&a ga tau dign ngam v i phat trien kiin tnie. Nhd vio cic dy an phit triin quy mfl Idn cd t h l xiy dyng duyc cic khflng gian md cflng d n g nhpn nhjp.
b. Di xuit 2: Ngim hda giao thflng xe ea gidi
Khflng chi d l i vdi ngudi di bfl, ma nin dua ca giao thdng xe ca gidi dang ngay mflt ting v i o khflng gian ngim. Tuy nhiin, khfing chi dan thuin x i y dyng tung bai do xe ngam riing bigt, m i d n xiy dyng he thong du'd'ng ngam d i k i t nil thanh hfl thong cac bai d l xe ngim, dua xe ca gidi t u tren mgt d i t xuing khfing gian ngim vdi quy mfi toin khu vye,
Tgi khu vye Motomachl, HinDShima, Nhgt Ban da x i y dyng nhieu tuyin dudng ngim, la loi vao ra eiia nhieu bai do xe ngam, k i t noi cCra l i n xuing cua c i c tuyin dudng nglm vdi dudng phia ngoii khu vye.
Hbih dnh minh hpa mgt cat su dung Utdng gian ngam Hd Guam (theo y ludng phue vu cupe thl) Hinh dnh minh hoa thiit ke kien triic Idiu vuc phu cgn Ho Guam (theo y tuang phifcvif cugc thi)
Vifle x i y dyng nh&ng mgng ludi bii d l xe ngim t h l nay mang igl 2 hi^u qua sau.
- D i u tiin, c i c xe co gldl sCr dyng bai d l xe co t h l su dyng cac tuyin dufi'ng ngim tir phia ngoai khu vye, vi viy mang Igi hieu qua lim giim luu luyng giao thflng ca gidi cQa tuyin dudng trin mgt dat Vigc glim luu luyng xe co gidi tren mgt dat lim glim t i e nghin giao thflng v i ting dg an toan eho ngudi di bfl.
- T i i p theo, khflng gian tren mat d i t von d i n h chQ y i u cua xe ca gidi nay cd t h l x i y dyng thinh khfing gian thoii m i l chu y l u phye vy ngudi di bfl. Nhd vgy cd the dam b i o khflng gian md cdng cflng tren mgt d i t cung nhu hign thye hda x i y dyng t u y i n pho di bfl.
c. Be xuit 3: Quy c h i quin ly thiit k l do thj
c i n p h i i cd quy che quan ly thilt k l dd thj. Nhim b i o t i n c i c thiit k l k i i n trQc, d u true c i n h quan khflng gian v l n r i t dgc trung cua khu vye h i Guom thi c i n p h i i x i y dyng h# thong c i c quy t i e ma e i e chQ d i u t u d n phai t u i n thO trong qua trinh thye hi#n t i i phit t r i l n .
T i p doin Nikken Sekkei da tham gia cuflc thi quIc t l "V tudng quy hogch va thilt k l dfl thj khu vye H i Guam v i phy c i n " duyc to ch&c vao nam 2008 do UBND thinh p h i H i Nfli phit dflng. Tgi thdi diem dd, Nikken Sekkei da dua ra d l xult xay dyng khdng gian da dgng dinh eho ngudi di b | v i tfch eye sir dyng khflng gian ngim dya trin triit ly x i y dyng khu vye Ho Guom thanh mdt dilm d i n du Ijch, mflt dfl thj h i p
d i n han, sau niy v l n lufln duyc ngufi'i d i n ThQ dfl y i u m i n . Ngoii ra, ehung tdt eung d i dua ra d l xult thilt k l dd thj vdi djnh hudng i p dyng eac yeu t l thilt ke d n duyc bao t i n d l i vdi ngay c i c i c cflng trlnh kiln tnie x i y mdi trin co sd nghiin ciiu ky c i c cdng trinh kiln tnic hign huu.
Vi vgy, nlu sir dyng tuyin t i u dign ngim l i dflng co d i t i l n hinh tai phit triin tht nhu da trinh b i y d D l xuit 1, 2 thl higu q u i thu v l la vd eung Idn. Tuy nhien, d n tuygt d l i trinh lim m i t g i i tri cinh quan mang tinh ljch sir v i n hda - v l n l i tit nguyen du Ijch quy g i i do qua trinh tai phat trien. D l thye hign duyc diiu dd thi d n phai x i y dyng c i c quy c h l quin ly b i o vfl ljch su v i n hda trude khi thye hi§n t i l phit triin, ed nhung bi$n phip ngin ng&a eie hogt dpng lam m i t g i i tq du ljch cua toan khu vye.
3. K i t lugn
Hiin nay tgi Vigt Nam, h i thing quy djnh, t i i u ehuin liin quan d i n cdng t i c phdng ehIng thien tai v i edng cpng cho khdng gian ngim ehua duyc x i y dyng. Trong tuong lai, vl§c su dyng khdng gian ngim ngiy cang gia tang, do dd eing d n phii sdm x i y dyng c i c quy djnh, quy chuin lien quan tdi khflng gian ngim. Vi v i y dy i n t i i x i y dyng khfing gian dd thj mfli trudng nhin ca h|i phit triln khdng gian ngim tgi khu vye H P Guam se l i dy i n t i i n phong ciia Vl§t Nam v i phit triln khflng gian ngam, duyc kl vpng se gdp phin thuc d l y quy hogch dfi thj t h i n thign vfi'i ngudi d i n , khich du ljch v i mdi trudng.O
