t ^ a c f l A I H t Jtlt M O I C U A V I £ T N A M
Hi£p DINH D 6 I T A C T O A N D I E N V A T I E N B O
XUYEN T H A I B I N H DUONG vA NHONG
T H A C H T H U C VC*I V I £ T N A M K H I T H U C THI
TRONG LEMH VUC SC) HOU TRI TUfi
H 6 T H U Y N G O C Bo mon Phap luit Thuong mai qudc t€, TrUdng D^i hpc Ngosi thUdng Intenianonal Trade Law Departnmeni:, Foreign Trade Univenity Email. [email protected] T o r n tat
Hiip dinh Dd'i tdc Todn diin vd Tiin bd Xuyin Thdi Binh Duong (CPTPP) mang tdi cho Viit Nam nhiiu ca hdi vd khdng it thach thitc, dde biit la trong linh vuc sd hUu tri tui. Mdc du dd cd 10 ndi dung trong linh vUc ndy duac tam hodn thi hdnh nhung cdc thdeh thiic vdn cdn nguyin gtd tri nghiin aiu. Bdi viit phdn tich cdc thach thiic ndy gdn vdi nhang ndi dung cu thi trong chuong 1.8 vi sd hau tri tui eda CPTPP.
T i l k h o a : CPTPP, sd hau tri tui, thach thiic A b s t r a c t
The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership - CPTPP has brought not only opportunities but also challenges to Vietnam, especially in the area of intellectual property. Although, there are 10 items in the chapter of intellectual property are suspended, challenges are still in need of study in depth The paper analyses such challenges based on Chapter 18 of the CPTPP.
K e y w o r d s : CPTT, intellectual property, challenges
N g a y n h a n b a i : 2 0 / 1 / 2 0 1 9 N g a y d u y e t d S n g : 3 0 / 3 / 2 0 1 9
nn,, L h
h n h d e n h e t n g a y 3 1 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 8 , V , e t N a m d a d e n h a n h k y k f t 1 2 hiip d i n h t h i i d n g m a i tti d o , ' d a ke't t h t i c d a m p h a n m 6 t h i S p d i n h n h u n g c h u a k y k f t - v a d a n g d a m p h a n b a h i e p djnh.^ S o v d i 11 n a m v'e t r u d c , ' c d t h ^ t h a y r a n g V i e t N a m d a v a d a n g ti'ch c u e k y ke't nhi'eu h i e p d i n h t h u d n g m j i s o n g p h u d n g l i n d a p h u o n g .
• Hiep dinh Tliiiong mji liang lioa ASEAN (ATIGA), ASEAN- Tmng QuSc, ASEAN - Hini QuSc ASEAN - An D<1, ASEAN - AiistiaHa, New Zealjnd, ASEAN- Nhjt Ban, HiSp djnli D6i tac kmli te Vi^t Nam - NMt Ban (VTEPA), Hi«p dlnli Tlmdng mai tn do Vict Nam - Lien minh kinh te A Au (EAEU), Hiep dinh ThilOng mji M do Vift N m - Him Ou6c (VKFTA), Hiep dinh Thiiong mai tn do (FTA) Viet Nam - Chile, Hiep dinh Doi tdc loan di«n va tiCn b6 xuyen Thai Bmh Dnong (CPTPP), ASEAN - Hong Icong.
' Hiep dmh Tiiuong m j i t u do Viet N a m - E U (EVFTA). , . , - , . ' Hiep dinh E>6i tac Idnh ti loan diin khu vKc (RCEP) giOa ASEAN va 6 del tac da
CO ' F T A vdi ASEAN la Trung QuSc, Han Qud'c, Nhat Ban, An D6, Australia va N e w Zealand: Hi4p dtnh Thuong mai tu do (FTA) gina Viet Nam va Khd'i EFTA (bao gbm 4 mldc Thiiy SI, Na Uy, Iceland, Liechtenstein); Hiep dinh Thuang mai tu do (FTA) giaa Viet Nam va Israel.
' T m d c nSm 2007 V N chi mdi cd hai FTA duoc thuc th, la ASEAN - Trung Qudc va ASEAN - Han Qudc.
9 4 T A P CHi KHOA H Q C P H A P LY VIET N A M SO"ujUz4j/zuxi7 Hiep dinh co hidu liic ^ dSy nhat la Hi^p dinh Di5i tac toan didn va ti6n bg xuyen Thai Binh Diicing (CPTPP). Viet Nam da chinh thiic phe chuan Hi^p dinh tsii Ky hop thii 6 Quoc hdi khoa XIV vao ng^y 12/11/2018 va se cd hieu liJc tai Vi^t Nam tU thang 1/2019. CPTPP dUdc danh gia la co tac dong tich cilc tdi Viet Nam trdn cac linh vtfc kinh te, chinh tri va ngo^i giao. Ciing vdi Hidp dinh ThiJOng mai tu do V N - E U (EVFTA), day cung la Hiep dinh cd miic md c^a nliieu nhit, trong dd pham vi ddng thug' c5t giam len tdi 100% tti nam 2019 - 2035.
Hiep dinh khdng chi de cap cac linh vtic truydn thdng nhil cat giam thue quan doi vdi hang hda, md cila thj tnidng dich -vu, sd hflu tri tue, hang rao ky thuat Hdn quan den thiidng msii... ma con dat ra nhCfng van de mdi vdi cac ydu cau cflng nhii tidu chuan cao ve bao ho sd hau tri tud. Day thiic siJ la mot thach thiic ddi vdi Viet Nam.
Bai vi^t nghidn cilu bdi canh ra ddi cua CPTPP tii tifen than ciia nd la Hidp dinh Ddi tac xuydn Thai Binh Dudng (TPP) de thay bdi canh nay anh hudng nhu the' nao tdi cac thach thiic diiOc phan tich trong bai. Bai vie't cting diem qua nhCng tac dong mang tinh du bao ciia CPTPP tdi Vidt N a m va phan tich nhflng thach thUc ma Vidt Nam phai doi mat khi th\fc thi CPTPP trong tinh vUc s6 hflu tri tud. Cac thach thilc dflOc gan vdi nhflng ndi dung cu thd trong chuong 18 ve sd hflu tri tud cua CPTPP.
1. Khai q u a t vfe Hi6p dinh C P T P P 1.1. Bii cdnh ra dbi
Tien de ciia Hidp dinh Doi tac toan didn va tie'n bd xuydn Thai Binh DiiOng (CPTPP) la Hidp dinh ddi tac xuydn Thai Binh DiiOng (TPP) vdi 12 thanh vien deu la cac qudc gia n i m bdn bd Thai Binh Dfldng bao gdm nhflng nen kinh te' ldn nhfl Hoa Ky, Nhat Ban, Canada. TPP rdi vao be tac khi cac nfldc khdng the thdng nhat vdi nhau trong nhi'du van de nhfl sd hflu tri tud, ndng san, ngudn gdc thanh phan san xuCt d td... Trong bdi canh b ^ tac nay, ngay 30/1/2017, dai didn thfldng mai Hoa Ky da gfli thu d^n cac thanh vien khac cua TPP thong bao chinh thiic vide rut khdi TPP.
Sau khi Hoa Ky nit khoi TPP, vdi tat ca no luc, cac nfldc con lai^ da thflc hidn nhi'du cudc dam phan de duy tri TPP. Dot pha quan trpng nhat la tai cudc hop cap BO tnidng td chflc ben le Tuan Id Cap cao APEC tai Da N i n g , cac nfldc da thdng nhat thdng qua tdn goi mdi cua Hidp dinh vdi nhflng ndi dung cd nhflng thay d6i nhit dinh. Cac nfldc kd't thuc toan bo ndi dung dam phan cdn lai vao cuoi thang 1 nam 2018. Hidp dinh dfldc ky kd't vao ngay 8/3/2018 tai Santiago, Chile.
Mac du khdng con Hoa Ky, Hidp dinh nay vin dfldc coi la hidp dinh Canada, Mexico, Peru, Chile, New Zealand, Australia, Nhat Ban, Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia va Viet Nam.
L.AL. H A l ± i h tib. M d i C U A V I £ T N A M
thfldng mai til do ldn nhat cd hidu Iflc^ trong thdi gian g^n diy.
Hidp dinh gdm Ldi md d^u va 7 difeu khoan (Di'du li Tich hdp Hidp djnh Dd'i tac xuydn Thai Binh Dudng, Difeu 2: Tam chnh chi thflc hidn mdt sd difeu khoan, Difeu 3: Hidu Iflc, Difeu 4: Rflt khdi Hifep dinh, Di'du 5: Gia nhip, Difeu 6: R a soat Hi$p dinh CPTPP va Di'du 7: Cac ldi van xac thflc). Phu lye Danh muc mdt sd di'feu khoan tgm dinh chi thflc hifen theo Hidp dinh CPTPP g'dm 20 nhdm nghia vu tgm hoan ap dung theo Hidp dinh nay (trong dd cd 11 nghia vy hfen quan tdi ChflOng Sd hflu tri tufe, 2 nghia vu Hfen quan dfen Chfldng Mua sam ciia Chinh phu va 7 nghia vu cdn lai Hdn quan tdi 7 Chfldng la Quan ly hai quan va tao thuan loi thudng mai, Dau tu, Thfldng mai dich vu xuydn bifen gidi, Dich vu tai chinh, Vifen thdng, Mdi trfldng, Minh bach hda va Chd'ng tham nhung). Ngoai ra, Phu luc nay cdn difeu chinh lai ndi dung dSn chife'n Hfen quan tdi thdi diem c6 hidu iflc cho phfl hdp hdn vdi Hidp djnh CPTPP ddi vdi bdo Iflu vfe cac bifen phap khdng tfldng thich trong djch vu va diu tfl cua Bmnei va bao Iflu vfe doanh nghidp nha nfldc ciia Malaysia.' Ngoai cac ndi dung chinh thflc trdn, cung nhfl vdi Hidp dinh TPP tnidc d^y, cac nfldc dfl kifen cung ky mdt sd Thu trao ddi vfe cac ndi dung quan t^m rifeng efla mdi nfldc sau khi Hifep dinh CPTPP dfldc ky chinh thflc.
Nhfl vjy CO thfe thay CPTPP kfe' thfla g^n nhfl toan bd ndi dung efla TPP. Cac ndi dung thay ddi efla CPTPP so vdi TPP ehfl yfe'u 6 nhdm nghia vu dfldc tam hoan thflc thi do Hoa Ky dfla ra dam phan. CPTPP dfldc xem la phu hdp vdi Viet Nam hon TPP vfe ca Id trinh va chi phi.
1.2. D^t bdo tdc ddng eda Hiip dinh CPTPP
Hidn cd nhieu nghidn cflu trong va ngoai nfldc dfl bao cac tac ddng, anh hfldng cua CPTPP tdi n'dn kinh tfe toan c'au, nfen kinh tfe cua cac qudc gia thanh vifen ndi chung va ddi vdi Vifet Nam ndi ridng. Bao cao efla Ngan hang the gidi da chi ra vdi gan nfla ty dan, 11 nfldc thanh vidn efla CPTPP ddng gdp tdng cdng 10.000 ty USD, tflc hdn 13% GDP toan cau. Vdi difeu kidn phat trien binh thfldng, CPTPP cd thfe giup GDP cua Vidt Nam tang thfem 1,1% tinh dfen nam 2030.*'
Vidt Nam co quyfen tifep can flu dai vdi khoang nila ty dan ndi tren va d^c bidt cd tlife tife'p egn thi trfldng ldn nhfl Canada, Mexico, Clnie, Pern - nhflng nfldc ma hifen nay Vidt Nam chfla ky kfe't hifep dinh tfl do thfldng '' Hifip dinh CO hi6u life 60 ngay sau khi sau qu6c gia diu tien phe chu^n. Australia la qudc gia thi3 6 phe chuan Hiep djnh nay v^o n ^ y 31/10/2018, do do Hiep dinh se CO hieu luc vao 30/12/2018.
' B6 COng thaong, Cdc ndi dung chinh aia Hiip dinh CPTPP, https://bnews.vn/cac- noi-dung-clunh-cua-luep-dinh-cptpp/77846 htn-d, tmy cip ngay 5/3/2018.
^ Ngan hang th^ gidi, Tdc ddng kinh tiva phdn bd thu nhdp '^da Hiip dinh Ddi tdc todn diin vd Tiin bd Xuyin Thdi Binh Duong: Trubng hap eda Viit Nam, An ph^m sor^ nga, Chuong trinh H 6 trd ThUOng mgi va Nang Ii,lc Canh tranh cho Viet Nam, 2018, tr. 11.
9 6 T A P C H i K H O A H Q C P H A P LY VilsT INAM a w V^K>-^^)^ ^^,..
mai - vdi thufe suSt thap hdn. Vi du nhfl Canada hidn dang la thj trfldng nhgp k h i u dfet may ldn efla thd' gidi vdi kim ngach nhap kh^u khoang 13,3 ty U S D / nam trong khi nhap khau dfet may tfl Vifet Nam mdi chife'm 2%
tdng nhap khau dfet may cua Canada. Thi phUn nay cd thfe tang len nhd vide xda bd 100% thufe vao nam thfl 4.'
Ngoai ra, CPTPP la hifep dinh md, tflc la bat cfl nfldc nao mong mudn tham gia dfeu dUdc. Vi thfe, khi sd nfldc tham gia CPTPP tang Ifen (cflng khdng logi trfl kha nang My mudn tham gia CPTPP) thi quyfen tifep can thi trfldng vdi cae flu dai efla Vidt Nam cung se ldn ldn theo.
Nghidn cflu cua Lidn Vifet PostBank danh gia ldi ich efla Vidt Nam tfl vide cat giam hang rao thufe quan trong CPTPP (giam vfe 0% vao nam 2030) khdng thflc sfl dang ke'" do Viet Nam da thflc hidn ky kfet cac FTA song phfldng va da phfldng vdi 7 / 10 qudc gia trong CPTPP va dfldc hfldng cac Uu dai vfe thue quan trfldc dd. Nghidn cflu cdn lo ngai ring cam ket trong CPTPP cd the anh hfldng tidu ciic dfen mot sd nganh san xua't trong nflde nhfl nganh thflc an chan nudi, Ifldng thflc, thflc pham, db u6ng, thudc la... Cac nganh dfldc cho la se nhgn dfldc nhflng tac ddng rich eiic tfl mflc khdng dang kd tdi mflc vfla phai bao gdm ddt may, da giay, thuy san, gd va san pham tfl gd. Ndng nghidp (trfl gao" va thflc an chan nudi'^) se cd nhflng chuyfen bien tich cflc nhd CPTPP. Lfldng thflc, thflc ph^m, do udng, thud'c la dang bj lo nggi la se nhgn nhflng tac ddng tidu ctic do nhap kh£u tfl eac nfldc CPTPP hidn nay dang chifem tdi 45% trong khi cac quy dinh plii thufe quan ngay eang dfldc tang cfldng va han ngach thufe quan dfldc ap dflng d nhflng nfldc cd san pham thfe manh nhfl thit ldn, thit ga 6 Nhat Ban, Canada hay bd, trflng, sfla d Austraha, N e w Zealand, Nhat Ban, Mexico, Canada.
Nghifen cflu cua Ngd Tu^n Anh" ky vong CPTPP se giup nang cao kha nang canh tranh cua hfe thdng doanh nghidp; gdp ph'an hoan thidn mdi trfldng thfe chfe, minh bgch hda chinh sach, dgc bidt la trong thi trfldng mua Trung tam "WTO va HOi nhjp, Hiip djnh ddi tdc todn diin vd tiin b^ xuyin Thdi Einh Duong- Tdm idt chuong 2- Ddi xd qudcgia vd md ciia thj trUdng ddi vdi hang hoa, 2018, tr. 7.
Khdi Nghien cilu chi^n lade va quan h$ kinh doanh qu6c t6, Bdo cdo ddnh gid tdc ddng ciia Hiip dinh CPTPP din mdt sd ngdnh kinh ticiia W^( Nuin, Lifin Viet PostBank Research, httpV/research.Hvietpostbank.com.vn/download/file/fid/2219, truy cap ngay31/12/2018, tr. 3-6.
Khdng dadc hadng Uu dai til NhJt Ban, Australia, Malaysia va Peru, lo trinh giam thu^ quan keo dai d^n 10 nam vdi Mexico.
Ngay ciing phu thudc vao cac doanh nghidp cd vdn d'au tU nadc ngoai vdi thj ph'an chi^m tren 60% va ngubn nguyen lieu d^u vao nhu ngd va dau taong chii y^u dUQc nhjp khiu ta cac qudc gia khac,
N g o Tuifn Anh, "Hiep dinh ddi tac toan di^n va ti^n bd xu^en Thai Binh Duong CPTPP - Nhang cd lidi va thach thflc A^t ra vdi Viet Nam", An ph£m cua Di^n dan Hdi nhap K^nh te' Qud'c t^ Viet Nam 2018, tr. 140-142.
C A C FTA T H £ H E M O I C O A V r f i T N A M
sam cong, dau tMu cua Chi'nh phu; thiic day Vi^t Nam lam tot hon van dfe bao v^ mdi tnl5ng va bao v6 ngubi lao dOng nOi dia.
Ban canh do, nghien cilu nay cUng liat kd 5 thach thi3c ma Viet Nam phai ddi mjt khi thiJc thi CPTPP. Do la cac thach thiic v'e canh tranh ciia doanh nghiep til cac nudc thanh vien khac, ap luc difeu chinh he thdng phap lujt, he thdng nhan SU trong quan ly cdng con y^u vfe ch£t luong va thieu vfe sd lUOng, tifeu chuan ky thuat cao va yeu cau xuat xii nghifem ngat, kha nang doanh nghifep Vifet Nam phai dd'i mat vdi kifen chdng ban pha gia, chdng trO cSp nhifeu hon ne'u tang duoc kim ngach xuat khau vao cac nudc CPTPP, vi thfe b^t binh ding ctia Vifet Nam trong thUdng mai qudc tfe. Bao cao ciia Chinh phii trudc Qudc hdi'^ con chi thfem hai thach thiic nUa vfe thu ngan sach do cat giam thufe nhap kh£u va vfe an toan, an mnh thdng tin do thuc thi cac nghia vy Tii do lUu chuyfen thdng tin va Yfeu cUu d^t may chii tai nudc s6 tai. Ngoai ra, tifeu chuan cao trong linh vUc s6 htiu tri tufe cQng la mdt thach thiic dudc danh gia dac hiet khd khan dd'i vdi Viet Nam."
2. N h a n g thach thiic ciia Vifet N a m trong hnh viic s6 hau tri tufe khi thijc thi Hifep dinh C P T P P
2.1. Tom tdt n6i dung vi sd hau tri tui trong Hiip dinh CPTPP Cac quy djnh vfe sd hUu tn' tufe trong CPTPP chinh la kfe thiia toan bd chUdng 18 gdm 83 dieu cua Hiep dinh TPP. Tuy nhien, CPTPP hoan thi hanh vdi 10 ndi dung ciia chUdng 18" vfe ddi tudng duoc cip bSng dde quyen sang chfe va thdi ban bao hd; vfe bao ho da Hfeu thii nghifem bi mjt hojc da hfeu bi mat khac; vfe bao hd thudc sinh hoc; vfe thdi ban bao hd quyfen tac gii, quyfen Hfen quan; v i cic bifen phap bao ve quyfen bang cdng nghfe; vfe thdng tm cic ndi dung quan If ciia quyfen sd hau tri tufe; vfe bdo hd tin hieu cap va tin hifeu ve tinh mang chUdng trinh duoc ma hda; vfe chfe till va khu viic an toan. Tai sao lai phdi hoan thi hanh nhang noi dung nay?
C i c vdng dam phan vfe sd hau tri tufe giaa cic nudc thanh vifen cila TPP ludn la nhang phifen cing thing nhat Thti nhdi, cac ndi dung tam hoan thiic thi nay dfeu do Hoa Ky dUa vao tnidc day. Thii hai, vifec thuc thi cac Bao cao Tlluyft rmnli Hiep dinh CPTPP do Pho Thil Mdng, EO truang E6 Ngoji giao Pham Einh Minli trinh bay tai kj> hop thil 6 ciia Qudc hai ngay 2/11/2018, http://tapchitaichmh.vn/nghien-cuu-trao-doi/nhan-dien-thach-thuc-cua-viet- nam-khi-tham-gia-cptpp-300215.httnl, tray cap n ^ y 3/1/2019.
Quan diSm cua ba Le Thu Ha, Oy vien ThUSng trilc Uy ban d«l ngoai cua QuSc H6i, Pho c h i ach N h o m Nghi si Vi«t Nam- Hoa Ky ttong cudc phong van vdi B a o T r i thilc tre http://cafef.vn/nhung-dieu-bo-ngo-trong-bao-cao-thuyec-minh- ve-cptpp-cua-chinh-phu-20181103151728652.chn. truy cap ngay 3/1/2018.
Di'eu 18 8 (hai ciu cudi cUa chU thich 4), D i t u 18.37 khoan 2 va ciu cudi cua khodn 4, Bieu 18.46, DiSu 18.48, Di6u 18.50, DiSu 18.51, Dieu 18.63, DiJu 18.68, Di6u 18.69, Dieu 18.79, DiSu 18.82, Phu luc 18-E va phy luc 18-F
9 8 T A P c m K H O A H Q C P H A P LY V I E T N A M s O UJ^l^^;//^»i^
nghia vu nay doi hoi phai co ngu6n \\ic kinh t^'. Thd ba, Hoa Ky cam ke't se md cila thi trU6ng cila minh d^ d6i lai nhOng cam ke't vt sd hCfu tri tufi cd tieu chu^n cao nhung khi Hoa Ky khong con la thanh vidn nOa thi nhang nghia vu nay da hi t^ini hoan.
Cac cam k^t trong chtidng 18 bao g'6m 3 nhom sau: (i) nhdm cam k^^t chung Het k^ cac c6ng Udc vfe sd hau tri tud ma cac thanh vien phai tham gia va nhang nguydn tac chung nhil ddi xil qudc gia, mmh bach, hop tac giaa cac mtdc trong bao vd quyfen sd hOu tri tud (ttt Difeu 18.1 d^n Difeu 18.17); (ii) nhdm cac cam kfe't vfe tifeu chuan bao hd ddi vdi nhan hidu, tdn qudc gia, chi din dia ly, sang chfe va da hfeu bi mat hosic cac da lifeu khac {bao gdm sang chfe' ndi chung, da Hfeu thil nghifem bi mat hoac da Hfeu bi mat khac ddi vdi ndng hda pham, duoc ph£m), kidu dang cdng nghidp, quyen tac gia va quyfen Hfen quan, bi mat thuong mgi (til Dieu 18.18 den Difeu 18.70, Di'du 18.78); (in) nhdm cac cam kfet Hfen quan tdi vifec thiJc thi cac quyfen sd httu tri tufe (tti Difeu 18.71 d^n Difeu 18.81).
2.2. NhUng thdeh thUc md Viit Nam phdi dii m^t khi thifc thi ndi dung vi sd hau tri tui
- Thach thdc tU viec phdi gia nhdp cde cdng udc quic tivi sd hitu tri tui dupc Hit ki trong CPTPP
Difeu 18.7 khoan 1 cila CPTPP Hdt kd cac difeu adc qudc ti ma cac thanh vifen phai phd chuan hoac gia nhap khdng mudn hdn ngay Hifep djnh cd hifeu l\(c bao gdm: Nghi dinh tha lidn quan dfen Thoa Udc Madrid vfe dang ky qudc tfe nhan hidu, thdng qua tai Madrid ngay 27/6/1989;
Hidp adc Budapest vfe Cdng nhan qudc te ddi vdi vide ndp lau chilng vi sinh nham cac myc dich trong thu tuc vfe sang che (1977) duoc sila ddi ngay 26/9/1980; Hiep Udc Singapore ve LuSt Nhan hidu didng qua tai Singapore ngay 27/3/2006; Cdng adc qudc tfe vfe bao hd gidng cSy trdng dudc sila ddi t^i Geneva ngay 19/3/1991 (UPOV 1991); Hiep Udc ciia Td chae Sd hau tri tufe thfe gidi vfe quyen tac gia, thdng qua tai Geneva ngay 20/12/1996 (WCT); Hidp Udc cila Td chae Sd hau tri tufe thfe gidi vfe budi bieu difen va ban ghi am, thdng qua tgi Geneva ngay 20/12/1996 (WPPT).
Trong sd cac dieu adc qudc tfe nay, Vidt Nam chua tham gia Hifep Udc Bupadest, W C T va W P P T . Vifet Nam cd hai nam*' dfe gia nhap Hidp adc Budapest va ba nam^** dfe gia nh^p W C T va W P P T kfe ta ngay Hiep dinh cd hidu lac, nghia la mudn nhat dfen ngay 30/12/2021, Vifet N a m da phai la thanh vifen cila ca ba difeu udc ndi trfen. Day la ba difeu Udc qudc tfe lifen quan dfen vifec thife't lap cac chfe dd bao hd qud'c tfe', hd trd dang ky qudc tfe'.
Di6u 18.83 khoan 4, f (i) Higp dinh CPTPP.
Di^u 18.83 khoan 4, f (u). (iii) Hiep dinh CPTPP.
i^A%^ f 1 A I T l t H E M O I C U A V I $ T N A M
- Thdeh thiic tii cdc tiiu chudn bdo hd cao dii vdi cdc dii tupng ciia quyin sd hau tri tui
CPTPP dat ra tifeu chu£n bao hd cao hdn dd'i vdi cac ddi tadng cua quyfen sd h a u tri tufe so vdi phap lugt Vifet Nam, ta't yfeu din dfen thach thitc phai sila ddi ndi dung luat. Cu thfe:
D 6 i vdi nhan hieu, Difeu 18.18 CPTPP yeu c^u: "khdng Bin ndo dupc tu chii dang kf mdt nhdn hiiu chi vdi If do rdng ddu hiiu cdu thdnh nhan hiiu do la dm thanh. Thim vdo do, mdi Bin phdi nS luc hit siic di ddng kf nhdn hiiu miii..."
Difeu 72 Luac Sd h a u tri tufe Vifet Nam nam 2005 (sila ddi, bd sung nam 2009) quy dinh difeu kidn chung ddi vdi nhan hidu duoc bao hd: "/a ddu hiiu nhin thdy dupc dudi dang chu cdi, tit ngU, hinh ve, Kinh dnh, ki cd Uinh ba chiiu hogc su kit hpp cde yiu ti do, dupc thi hiin bang mdt hoqc nhiiu mdu sac".
N h a vay, so vdi phap luat Vidt Nam, CPTPP con md rdng ra ca am thanh va khuyfen khach cac nadc bao hd ca mHi. Vidt Nam cd 3 nim. (mudn nhat la 30/12/2021) phai thUc hidn nghia vu bao hd nhan hidu dudi hinh thilc am thanh.''
Dd'i vdi tradng hdp nhan hidu ndi tife'ng, Difeu 18.22 cila CPTPP yfeu c^u cac mldc khdng dUdc xac dinh mdt nhan hifeu la ndi tifeng khi: "nhdn hiiu dd dd dupc ddng ky tgi Bin do hoac trong mdt Idnh thi tdi phdn khde, hode dupc Hit ki trong mdt danh sdch cdc nhdn hiiu nil tiing, hode dd dupc cdng nhdn Id mdt nhdn hiiu nii tiing".
Trong khi dd day lai chfnh la nhCng tifeu chf danh gia nhan hifen ndi tife'ng cua Vidt Nam.^" R d rang, Vifet Nam phai ngay l^p tile sila ddi cac ndi dung nay trong cac van ban phap luat cd Hfen quan dfe bao dam tinh tUOng thich. Difeu nay cd the dan den vifec thay ddi can ban toan bd cd chfe dang ky va bao hd nhan hieu tai Vifet Nam, va se la thach thdc dd'i vdi Cue Sd hau tri tufe Vifet Nam.
Bii vdi sdng chi, CPTPP daa ra cac tifeu chuan tUdng tU nhu quy dinh c^a phap luat Viet Nam vfe tmh mdi, ti'nh sang tao va cd kha nang ap dung cdng nghifep. Ngoai ra, Difeu 18.38 cila CPTPP bao vfe chil sd hOu sang chfe hdn khi quy dinh thbi gian an han ddi vdi ti'nh mdi: "mdi bin phdi bd qua it nhdt Id cdc thdng tin dd dupc bdc Id cdng khai niu viic bdc Id cdng khai ndy do ngubi ndp don sdng chi hode ngudi cd dupc thdng tin true tiip hode gidn tiip tU ngubi ndp dan sdng ehi vd xdy ra trong vong 12 thdng trudc ngdy ndp don trong lanh thi eda Ben do"
Yin dfe nay chua daoc quy dinh rd rang trong phap luat Vidt Nam.
Ngoai ra, dfe tuSn thd CPTPP, Vidt Nam cung phai lam rd cac ndi dung sfe dadc cdng bd khi cdng bd sang chfe', cang nha xay dilng hfe thdng dang ky
D i M 18.83 khoan 4 f(iv).
DiSu 75 khoan 2, 6, 7 Luit Sci hflu Cri tu^ nam 2005 (siia d6i, h6 sung nam 2009).
TAP c m KHOA HOC ftitiir L
sang chfe minh bach va hidu qua hdn. Ngoai ra, vdi quy dinh an ban nha trfen, chd sd h a u se giam bdt nli ro bi m^t tmh mdi do Id thdng tin vfe sang chfe trudc khi ndp ddn dang ky.
T r o n g hnh vUc sang chfe, C P T P P danh tifeu muc B dfe quy djnh vfe bao hd da hfeu thil nghidm bi mat hoac da Hfeu bi mat khac dd'i vdi ndng hda ph^m - san ph^m ndng nghidp cd chaa mdt thanh phUn hda hgc n h a phan bdn, thudc bao vd thuc vjt. Cy thfe, thdi han bao hd ddi vdi da lidu thif nghifem va cac da lidu bi mat khac vfe tmh an toan/hifeu qua cila ndng hda pH^ni mdi it nhat la 10 nam kfe til ngay c^p phep lau hanh ndng hda ph^m mdi trong lanh thd cila nUdc thanh vidn. Difeu 18.47 chi rd: "Niu mdt Bin yiu cdu nhu mdt diiu kiin di cdp phep luu hdnh dii vdi ndng hoa phdm mdi, viic ndp dn Uiu thd nghiim hode cdc dix liiu hi m4t khde liin quan din tinh an todn vd tinh hiiu qud ciia sdn phdm thi Bin do khdng dupc cho phep ngubi thd ba, niu khdng dupc su dimg f eda ngubi md trudc do dd ndp du liiu, dua ra thi trubng sdn phdm triing hode tuong tu dua trin cdc thdng tin dd hode dua trin viic cdp phip luu hdnh cho ngUbi ndp da liiu thd nghiim hode du liiu khde do"
N h u vay, cd thfe hifeu vifec bao hd ddi vdi da Hfeu chua dadc bdc Id lifen quan dfe'n ndng hda pham la ty ddng, khdng cin qua dang ky. Trong khi dd, Difeu 128 khoan 1 Lugt Sd hau tri tud nam 2005 (sila ddi, bd sung nam 2009) chi quy djnh vifec bao mat diX lifeu thil nghifem nha mot nghia vu cila CO quan cd th^m quyfen khi ngudi ndp don dang ky cd yfeu c'au, ma khdng coi nhang da lidu nay la ddi tuong dudc bao hd. Hon naa, Difeu 128 khoan 2 quy dinh nghia vu bao mat nay chi keo dai 05 nam. Vifet Nam da dat dadc thda thugn vdi cac nUdc thanh vifen CPTPP (thfe hifen trong cac tha song phaong), theo dd cac nudc chip nhan khdng kifen Vifet Nam ra cd chfe giai quyfet tranh cha'p cua CPTPP trong vdng 05 nam sau nam thd 5 ke tti khi Hifep dinh CPTPP cd hifeu luc.'' Difeu dd cd nghia la Vifet N a m cd 10 nam thuc thi nghia vu nay trong dd bao gdm ca cdng vifec sila ddi nhang ndi dung nay.
D6i vdi Chmh phil, tifeu chu^n bao hd cao khdng chi dan dfen khd'i lUdng cdng viec phai thUc hifen dfe thay ddi luat ndi dung ma cdn keo theo nhang khd khan trong qua trinh tuan thu va thac thi sau nay. Day dUdc xem la mdt thach thac vdi cac nadc dang phat trifen nhu Vifet Nam khi tifeu chu^n bao hd cao ta't yfe'u dan dfe'n sU phat trifen dUa vao tai san tri tud se cang trd nfen dat dd.
T m n g tdm W T O va hOi nhap, Hiep djnh Ddi tac toan di^n va xuyfin Thai Buih D a o n g - T o m tat chaong 18- Sd hflu tn tufi, Phong Thdong mat va C6ng nghiep Vi^t Nam, 2018, http://www,Crungtamwto.vn/upload/files/fta/174-da-ky- k e t / 1 7 5 - c p l : p p - t p p l l / 1 7 7 - n o i - d u n g - h i e p - d i n h / T o m % 2 0 1 u o c % 2 0 C P T P P % 2 0 -%20Chuong%2018,pdf, tmy cap n ^ y 5/1/2018.
uA VlfiT NAM
Ddi vdi doanh nghifep, nhang cam kd't vfe tifeu chuan bao hd cao nhu vay dat cac doanh nghidp Vifet Nam trade nhang thach thac rat ldn vfe vide tuan thu nhang quy dinh mdi do thifeu vfe nhan lye chuyfen mdn trong Hnh vi^c nay cang nhu ganh nang chi phi cila vide tuan thil.
- Thdeh thdc tU cdc quy dinh thuc thi quy'in sd hau tri tui mdt cdch nghiim ngdt CPTPP xay dung mdt cd chfe thyc thi quyfen sd hOu trf tufe chat che vdi su kfet hdp eda cac chfe tai hanh chi'nh, dan sy va dgc bifet la hinh sy.
Difeu 18.77 eda CPTPP bat budc: "Mdi Bin phdi quy dinh cdc thd tuc vd Innh phgt Kmh su di dp dung it nhdt trong cdc trudng hpp ci f Idm gid nhdn hiiu ho4csao Uu quyen tdc gid vd quyin liin quan d quy md thuang mai..."
va Dieu 18.78 khoan 2 (a) chi rd: ".. .Mdi Bin phdi quy dinh thd tuc vd Kmh phgt Kinh su cho ... tiip egn mdt cdch cif vd trdi phep tdi bi mat thuong mai...".
N h a vay, cac dang vi pham quyfen sd hOu tri tufe ddi vdi nhan hifeu, bl mat thUdng mai. quyfen tac gia va quyfen Ufen quan hi bude xd ly hinh sy. Thgm ehi, CPTPP cQng ydu c'au phai cd ehfe tai hinh sa ddi vdi nhang hanh vi giup sdc hogc xdi giyc thuc hifen hanh vi xam pham,^^ hanh vi hfen quan/ thdc day vide vi pham nhu nhap kh£u, xua't kh^u, phan phdi, quang cao." H d n nOa, CPTPP cung md rdng quyfen han cho cd quan cd th^m quyfen dfe chu ddng xd ly mdt sd hanh vi xam phgm quyfen nliat dinh ma khdng c'an co ddn yen c'au hoac ddn khdi kidn chmh thdc td ngUdi thd ba hay chil thfe quyfen. Phap luat Vifet Nam vfe cd ban da hinh sa hda cac hanh vi xam pham ddi vdi nhan hifeu, quyfen tae gia va quyfen Hfen quan^*
nhang lai chua ap dung cho hanh vi xam phgm bi mjt thaong mai. Ngoai ra, cflng chaa cd cac hudng din cu thfe cho qua trinh dinh cdi eda cd quan ta phap (vi du nhu thfe" nao la quy md thadng mai), din tdi khd khan trong qua tnnh thyc thi. Can lUu y rang CPTPP yfeu cau xd ly hinh sy dd'i vdi ca nhang hanh vi khdng vi loi i'ch thadng mgi/tai chinh nhUng gay thidt hgi nghidm trong den loi i'ch eda chu sd hau quyfen."
Bfen canh hinh sii, cac bifen phap thyc thi sd hau tri tud tai bidn gidi cOng dUdc quy dinh rat nghifem ngat. Cae cd quan cd tham quyfen tgi bidn gidi daoc trao tham quyfen ra't ldn nhu th^m quyfen ty khdi xydng cac bifen phap thuc thi tai bifen gidi ddi vdi hang hda nhgp khau, hang hda xua't khjiu, hang hda qua canh ma nghi ngd cd vi phgm, quyfen ra kfe't luan vi phgm va xif ly tifeu buy san ph^m vi pham kfe ca ddi vdi cac Id hang nhd.^^
Co chfe thac thi phai ndi la ha khac ndi trfen dat Chi'nh phil Vifet Nam trudc ap lye vaot qua cac thach thdc sda ddi luat ndi dung Hfen quan dfe'n
Chu thich 137 cila DiSu 18.78 khoan 1 ciia CPTPP, DiSu 18 77 khoan 2, 4 HiSp djnh CPTPP.
DiSu 225, 226 B6 lu^t Hmh sU nam 2015 (siia d6i, h6 sung nam 2017).
Di'eu 18.77 khoan 1 (b), Di'Su 18 78 khoan 3 (c) Hiep djnh CPTPP.
Di'eu 18.76 Hiep dinh CPTPP
102 TAP c m KHOA HQC ftiAJ" i.x vi^^ i - ^ » ., ^.-,, thyc thi ndi trfen cang nhu chu^n bi nhan lye, vgt lye dfe vifec thuc thi c6 hifeu qua theo yfeu can cua CPTPP trong thdi gian tdi da 3 nam kfe tit khi Hifep dinh cd hidu lyc.^' Til phia doanh nghifep, ganh n^ng ddi vdi cac thd tuc kifem soat, dac bifet trong cac thu tyc tranh chap, kifen tung la khdng the tranh khdi.
- Thdeh thdc tit thuc trgng xdm phgm quyin sd huu tri tui tai Viit Nam Da cd nhieu nghifen cdu va bao cao danh gia thyc trgng xam pham quyfen sd hau tri tufe d Vifet N a m hifen nay. Cae tai Hfeu dfeu cd chung mdt danh gia la tinh trang xam pham difen ra ra't phd bifen trong cac Hnh vyc, dac bifet la trong linh vUc may tinh.^" Khi cac tifeu chuan bao hd quy'dn sd h a u tri tud cao hdn, chae chdn tinh trgng xam phgm se tram trgng hon. Difeu nay dan tdi thach thac rat ldn ddi vdi Chinh phd Vifet Nam trong vifec phat hidn, xd ly, giai quyet kich bdn nay.
Sd hau trf tufe la xadng sdng cila mdt nfen kinh td' tri thdc trong tUdng lai. Day cang la ndi dung dam phan khd khan trong CPTPP. Mac dd Vifet Nam duoc danh gia la nude cd hfe thdng phap luat ve sd hOu tn tufe kha ddng bd va tifen dfen, tham chi cdn cd nhifeu difem dfen bd so vdi phap luat eua eac nadc trong khu vUc nhang phai y thde duoc rang CPTPP cdn ddi hdi cao hon thfe. Sila ddi phap luat sd hau trf tud eho tadng thich vdi ndi dung cua Hidp dinh trong khoang thdi gian theo quy dinh la thach thdc dau tifen Nha nadc phai vUdt qua. Xay dung, cdng co bd may ca vfe chit ladng chuyfen mdn va sd ladng la difeu ta't yfeu phai thyc hidn song sdng vdi qua trinh cai each luat phap ndi trdn. Tuydn truyen va nang eao nhgn thde cho doanh nghifep va xa hdi vfe CPTPP ndi ehung va cac thach thdc trong sd hau tri tufe ndi nfeng !a phuong an gidp giam bdt ap lac cila cac thil thach ndi trfen.
Vfe phia doanh nghifep, ehu ddng nam bdt cac cO hoi td CPTPP la dieu c'an thifet nfe'u doanh nghifep mudn tan dung nhang ldi thfe eda Vifet Nam trong CPTPP. Khao sat eda Bd Cdng thaong cho th% doanh nghifep khdng ehu ddng va linh hoat tim hieu vfe c6 hdi, mdc thue cung nha each dfe hudng au dai thufe khi xuat khiu san phim eda minh de'n cac thi trudng.
Kit it doanh nghifep tu Hfen hd dfe hdi thdng tin nham tim hifeu th} trudng xuit khin va Uu dai eho san pham cua minh. Khi tidp cin thi trudng gan nda ty dan cua CPTPP, doanh nghifep Vidt Nam ddng trUdc nguy cO ddi
" Di&u 18.83 khoan 4 f (xvui) - (xxiv) Hiep djnh CPTPP.
^" Nam 2017 da CO hon 2.400 may tinh t^i 63 doanh nghidp phai chap hanh vi$c thanh tra, kiem tra theo dOn yeu c^u xil ly xam pham quy'en tac gia ciia ch^ s6 hi3u. Trong do, CO 54 doanh nghiep cb hanh vi sao chep chuong trinh ph'an nifem. may tinh ma kh6ng duoc phep cua chil sd liQu; xil ly vi pham hanli chinh 1,65 t^ dbng (S6 hfiu ghi nhan tai HOi Thao Doanh nghiep Viet Nam va va^n d& thUc thi quySn sci hflu tri tue cheo quy dinh cua BO iujt Hinh sU sila d6i cila Phong Thuong mai va C6ng nghiep Viet Nam t6 chile t^ii Ha N6i ngay 18/4/2018)
C A C F T A T H E H E M O l CI!TA V I J T N A M
mat vdi cac vy khife'u nai, khife'u kifen, tham chi la bi ap dung cac chfe tai do xam pham quyfen sd hiiu tri tufe. Do dd, hifeu rd thach thdc va cd chifen luoc, giai phap vadt qua cac thach thdc la con dudng phat trien tdi au vdi doanh nghidp hifen nay. •
Tai lieu t h a m khao
[1] Ng6 Tufin Anh, "Hiftp dinh D6i t^c toan diijn va titTn bfi xuyen Thai Binh Duong C P T P P - Nhflng CO hOi va thach thilc dat ra v6i Viet Nam", An phim CLia D i t a dan Hoi nh^p kinh t^ qu6c t^ Viet Nam 2018 [trans Ngo Tuan Anh, "Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership - CPTPP- Opportunity and Challenges for Vietnam", Publications of the Forum of International Economic Integration of Vietnam 20181
[2] Bao cao Thuydt minh HiSp dinh CPTPP do Pho thti tiibng, B6 tmdng B6 Ngo^i giao Ph(im Binh Minh trinh bay tji k^- hop thii 6 cCia Qudc \i(yi n ^ y 2/11/2018 [trans: Report of Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership - CPTPP by the Deputy Prime Minister of Foreign Affairs Pham Binh Minh at the 6"' Session of the National Assembly on 2'"' Nov 2018], httpV/tapchitaichinh.
v n / n g h i e n - c u u - t r a o - d o i / n h a n - d i e n - t h a c h - t h u c - c u a - v i e t - n a m - k h i - c h a m - g i a - cptpp-300215.hcml, accessed on 3/1/2019
[3] B6 C6ng thuong, Cdc ndi dung chinh eda Hiip dinh CPTPP [trans: Ministry of Trade, Mam Contents of the CPTPP] https://bnews.vn/cac-noi-dung-chinh-ciia-hiep-dinh- cptpp/77846 html, accessed on 5/3/2018
[4] N g i n hang th^ gidi, Tdc ddng kinh ti vd phdn bd thu nhdp aia Hiip dinh Dii tdc todn diin vd tiin bd xuyin Thdi Einh Duong: Truimg hap eda Viit Nam, An ph£m song ngfl, Chuong trinh H 6 trQ ThiiOng msii va nang h}c canh tranh cho Viet Nam, 2018 [trans: "World Bank, Economic Impacts and Income Distribution of the CPTPP: Case Study in Vietnam, BiHiguai Publication, the Program on Trade and Competitiveness Facihtation for Vietnam, 2018]
[5] Kh6i Nghien cdu chi^n lUOc va quan he kinh doanh qu6c t^, Bdo cdo ddnh gid tdc ddng eda Hiip dtnh CPTPP din mdt si ngdnh kmh ticda Viit Nam, Lien Vi^t PostBank Research, 2018 [trans: Strategy and International Business Relations Study Group, Report on the Impacts of the CPTPP on some Vietnamese Industries, Lien Vn?t PostBank Research, 2018], http://researchhvietpostbank.com.vn/downIoad/fiIe/fid/2219, accessed on 31/12/2018
[6] T m n g tam "WTO va HOi niigp, Hi^p dinh Dii tdc todn diin vd tiin bd xuyin Thdi Bmh Duong- Tom tdt chuong 2- Ddi xii qudcgia vd md aia thi trubng dii vdi hdng hda, 2018 [trans: Center of W T O and Integration, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreementfor Trans-Pacific Partnership- Chapter 2 Summary- National Treatment and Market access to Goods,2018]
[7] T m n g tam W T O va h()i nhap, Hiip dinh Ddi tdc todn diin vd xuyin Tlidi Binh Duong- Tdm tdt chuong 18- Sd hau tri tui, Phong ThflOng mai va C6ng nghifip Vi$t Nam, 2018 [trans' Center of W T O and Integration, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreementfor Trans-Pacific Partnership- Chapter 8 Summary- Intellectual Property, VCCI, 2018], http://www.tmngtamwto,vn/up]oad/files/fta/174-da-ky-ket/175-cptpp- tppll/177-noi-dung-hiep-dmh/Tom%201uoc%20CPTPP%20-%20Chuong%20 18.pdf, accessed on 5/1/2018
