CONCLUSION

Appendix A

'-

Nozzle Reinforcement

GENERAL NOTE:

locluaes ~on'idijr3ljon at 1heM areas if SnIS" < 1.0 (both ~dll' of

t)

~~--____ +d--__ ^~SH U(;-4(,) for Ilrnln of ,.j"fon:tnl."t

}--d"" R ~ r .. ,---oot----d Qr R + t" + C - - - e t

. ~ ~

U"I'~t ",Iue J U .. lerptf'YIIlue

For nOW. wall Inserted thrcugh Ilia vtSl.1 wan .) .. For nozzl. wall (bulllno th. "fas~J wall Withaltt R.lnfDtclna ElenMH!f

S(t., -tml f,2' 5\t. - t",lf,2t"

-

~ ^.

AA' - OU~n:t l'\ouI. Mid • (I~12fr2 A~ -(n",Id "~zztt MId .111!I}2'1"2

A'M l'eqlolired

Ar-. aVII,Jab'e In "~ul. PI'CII~11'I9 outwlrd; VII

sfIlllllr ""ull

Are. lYIIiJ,bJe in IflWlIrd nOlIl,: us. smallett v.lu.

At.-~"'I. in o",tINvd, w.kl A,.,. .... lIable in In-rdweld

IfA1 +A2+ A 3+.44\ +"'41 .. A It,jj1 +A2 .. "'3 .... " +A43< A

Opening I1 Idtquatll~ /'Iinl(lrcM O~.nino " nOl ad.QUlt.1V r.inlon::.d so lIinl~tclnS' .lemenU rT\1,lI\ bl .dof.~

and/or tl1I'*n'."'1 mu.1 b,lnc:r.wd

NOn::

_ W'rth IteinfGni"l II!t'rrtM\1,.AddId A - ... 'IA.abOW

A, ·.m."A',,,_VII

{

- ~{Cn - t",lf

at

A, _ 2ft" - r",J 1'2.5,,, +

cJ ','4

A3 - . . . A] • .cJow

A4t - " .. --nil nGUl. -'cl - (I~)2fr3

""42 - ou ... Nmtnf wwld - (1",;2"4

""43 - inMlro tMlz:lll -'cl .. {loIII/2 _f~

A 5 .. (0" - fL'!-2~.,J tIt

f,..

tNolI 11]]

Arw twqVIr.ct

A .... .v.IJebI. in ncak proj~f .. Ol/twlN;

u ... I.r ...

Am illlillbl. in jnwerd noifzl,

0l*1iOIl is adlllqU8111y relnfOrctd

(1) r~i. fQrmu,. is atll,jicable fD( a ,,,<:tanGuJ., "m ... o~3j .'fm_null.to,'.II. ,..;r"i"

,1\.

^Ilmitt^~,.,,,to(1l,,,,,.nt.

ASME VIII Div 1 Fig. UG-37.1 NOMENCLATURE AND FORMULAS FOR

REINFORCED OPENINGS

REPRODUCED TABLE OF SELECTIVE PIPE SCHEDULES AND WALL THI CKNESSES

Imperial Imperial Metric

Nom. Size Outside Outside Std wall SchXS Sch 160 Diameter Diameter

1.500 1.900 48.260 ins 0.145 0.200 0.281

mm 3.68 5.08 7.14

2.000 2.375 60.325 ins 0.154 0.218 0.344

mm 3.91 5.54 8.74

2.500 2.875 73.025 illS 0.203 0.276 0.375

mm 5.16 7.01 9.53

3.000 3.500 88.900 illS 0.216 0.300 0.438

mm 5.49 7.62 11.13

4.000 4.500 114.300 illS 0.237 0.337 0.531

mm 6.02 8.56 13.49

5.000 5.563 141.300 illS 0.258 0.375 0.625

mm 6.55 9.53 15.88

6.000 6.625 168.275 ins 0.280 0.432 0.719

mm 7.11 10.97 18.26

8.000 8.625 219.075 ins 0.322 0.500 0.906

mm 8.18 12.70 23.01

10.000 10.750 273.050 ins 0.365 0.500 1.125

mm 9.27 12.70 28.58

12.000 12.750 323.850 ins 0.375 0.500 1.312

mm 9.53 12.70 33.33

14.000 14.000 355.600 ins 0.375 0.500 1.406

mm 9.53 12.70 35.71

16.000 16.000 406.400 illS 0.375 0.500 l.594

mm 9.53 12.70 40.49

18.000 18.000 457.200 illS 0.375 0.500 1.781

mm 9.53 12.70 45.24

20.000 20.000 508.000 ins 0.375 0.500 1.969

mm 9.53 12.70 50.01

22.000 22.000 558.800 illS 0.375 0.500 2.125

mm 9.53 12.70 53.98

24.000 24.000 609.600 ins 0.375 0.500 2.344

mm 9.53 12.70 59.54

TABLE 1-100

CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING ALLOWABLE STRESS VALUES FOR TABLES lA AND1B

Product/ Below Room Room Temperature and Above

Material Temperature

Tensile Yield Tensile Strength Yield Strength

Strength Strength

Wrought or ST 7j'Sy Sr

gs

7j'

^S^J' ^{7j' S}^I'Ry

cast ferrous _3.5 _3.5 3.5 T T ^,) ^.

and orO.9SyRy

nonferrous

[Note(l)]

Welded 0.85 S

7j'

^x^O.85Sy 0.85Sr

(1.1

^{x 0.85) S}R

7j'

^x^O^.85S^I'

7j'

xO.85S_VRy

pipe or 3.5 T _3.5 3.5 T T

tube, orO.9 x 0.85SyRI'

ferrous and

[Note(l)]

nonferrous

TABLE 2-100(a)

CRITERIA FOR ESTABLISHING DESIGN STRESS INTENSITY VALUES FOR TABLES 2A AND 2B

Prod u ct/M a terial Tensile Strength Yield Strength Wrought or cast ferrous

}jSr

.!J.

S R 7j' SJ' 7j' SJ,Ry

and nonferrous 3 T T

orO.9SyRy [Note(l)]

Welded pipe or tube, 0.85Sr

(1.1

^{x 0.85) S} 0.85 S 0.85 S R

ferrous and nonferrous rRT

3.5 3 1.5 y 1.5 ^Y ^Y

orO.9 x 0.85SyRI' [Note(l)]

MATERIAL PROPERTIES:

SA 516 GRADE 70 : Sa

=

137.9MPa SA 106 GRADE B: Sa

=

117.9MPa

---_._---

.~ .. ..,

'.

^;~

.... :-_ .. ! ⁱ

. ..-

, .

SASOL Piping Loads

Nf'S ON ^fR^Illl

2" . ./ SO ^J150

3" #.. 80 5040

v:-

.1110 GleO

5" 150 9450·

3" v 200 12600

10"

v

250 15750

i2" ./ JOO 18900

14" J50 22150 :0" '/ ⁴¹⁾⁰ ^2520{)

18" 4;0 28.350

20" ./ 500 J150G

2~" ,J lioe 35:0()

28" 7'~C- 395CO

32" 800 " 4,)500

Ja" SOO 47500

l

~G" ,GOO 5i50r:

~a" 1200 S~500

,[ 'I(1lC 107 EQUN.I.lm -p (N)

LEGEND :-

NPS ~ ON :. NO~N.AL DrMl(1~R OF NOZZLE FR ,. RAOVt lOAD 1Nl

IIIL :- LONG!TUOINAL MOMENT iNrnl

~C :. T ~(JENTIAL MOMENT (Nml

Ell1PllCAl HEADS, TORISPHERICAL HEADS.

SPHERICAL SHELLS

HEADS

I.Jl (Nm) \'\1: \tmJl

21GO 14~0

1360 2320

~'2.rJQ 'l.~CO

S300 4-350

6~OO 580(1

10500 72SC!

!2600 a700

147GC _iO_'50

locCC 11500

\8~CO I}050

21COO 145vO

t⁴cOO 16S00 ^I

28:00 '9.30C

32~OO

i

^2;70G

j1i200 2~100 ^I

<10800

1

^2650u

47600 ^J13(O,~

MZ INml Ml (Nrol

.. - -'_ . __ _ _ __ . .__ .. ..--,.v .. ". ""'- . -.- -- ...• --_.' '._ •. -.. - - ------... r.--'7"---~.-...

---.-y _ .. _ _ .. _ '-'_ '_.' . _ ____ . _ _ .

Foster Wheeler Piping Loads

GENERAL r,EGl!IREM;'::j\J~':; riAGEi50fl$

ENG1NEERING STANOARr:l

·!3.0 HEAT EXCHANGER NOZZLE 1.0.40S AND MOlvlENTS

HEAT EXCHANGER NOZZLE LOADS AND MOMENTS. no BE USED AS A SASlS FOR PIPINCi DESIGN) LOADS AND MOMENTS IF-Kill, M-KNM)

. [Af'Pl"IEO'AT NOZZLE TO CYlINOEA INTERSECTION)

PIPE FlANGE.RATING

N:3, .'

INCHES ISO#' 300# 500# 9-00# 1500'" . 2'500#

F.yz

!

^M.Y7 ^F~Yl ^M~y^~ ^Fxyz ^Mxyz ^F'<Vl ^M.y. ^Fx^yz ^{M.y •} ^. ^F~yz ^Mxyz

2 1.0 0.2 1.0 C,2 1.2 0.3 1.5 0,3 1.8 0.4 2,0 0.5

3 1.5 0,6 1,5 0.6 2.0 O.B 2,2 1,0 2,$ 1.2 3.0 1.5

4 3.0 1,0 3,0 1.2 3.5 1.5 a,s 1.7 4,0 2.0 4.5 2.6

6 5.0 2.5 5,0 3.0 6.5 3.0 ~5 3,3 6,0 3.5 e,o 4.0

8 B.O 5.0 8,0 6.0 9.0 7.0 g,O 9.0 11,0 11.0 13.0 13.0

10 10.0 7.0 10.0 8.0 12.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 4.0 14.0 \6.0 1 ~.O

12 12.0 8.0 12.0 9,0 . 14.0 12.0 14,0 14.0. 16.0 16.0 ' 1 B.O , 8.0 14 14.0 9.0 14.0 10.0 16.0 14.0 16.0 18,0 18,0 lS.0 20.0 " . .:20.0

16 16.0 10.0 16,0 12.0 18.0 16.0 180 18,0 20,0 20.0 ?2,Q 22:0

18 18.0 12.0 18,0 ^14,(} 20.0 , 8.0 22.0 22.0 24.0 24.0 26.0 26.0

20 20.0 14.0 20.0 16,0 22.0 20·0 240 24.0 26,0 26.0 28,0 28.0

24 24.0 20.0 2.4.0 20,0 26.0 24.0 28.0 28.0 :30.0 30.0 34.0 34.0

1. Th" tabulated loads and moments at the nozzle to cylinder intersection <lrelhe minimum which the Heat Exchanger design must accommodate, except as noted in 2, 3, and 4 below.

2. For High Alloy Heat Exchangers ~excluding alloy clad) designed for temperatures between ·1 OO"'C and + 250^cC the loads .<!nd moments may be reduced to a minimum of 50% of the tabulated values.

3. For Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Heat Exchangers designed for temperatures between ·50°C and + 250^cC the loads and moments may be reduced to a minimum of 75% of the tabulated values.

4. In exceptional cases {e.g. where application of the tabulated loads increases the si', e:~i: .-,':;;"1,-,,,,1 ;)2rre! rhldcness) the loads m<lY be reduced furti'\ar by c.Y1oem.?;,t "vi :.;, Pur·;~;<:5e" !'brrJ"~;;i '.il~ !'!!,;.i:T;'-=". i~?";::; are, 50%, IQr CS and low aHoy, et ~::d/G, f!lJ h£;.Jh ;::!lG~/ ~'Juio. rTl~;:1t, (rf ~he ~::tttJ!.~·~~(! . vc.!i .. ~~!;. " " . " ^I ^.

Appendix B

FEM Stress Plots for Vessels 16-25 under internal pressure alone (0.26 and 1.05MPa)

Vessel 16 - Internal pressure O.26MPa

2.84-007 2.73+0071

I

^·~

2.63+007. ' 2.52+007 2.41 +007 231+0071 220+0071 2.10+007 199+0071 lB9+0071 1.78+0071 1.67+ 007

1

1.57+007 146+0071 136+0071 1.25-007 Max 2.84.007 @Elm 5737.2 Min 1.25.007 @Elm 56991

1.15+008 1.10+0081 1.06+0081 1.02+008 9.75+007

932+0071 889,0071 8.47+007 8.04+0071 761+007.

719+007.

676+0071 633+0071 5.91+007.

54s+0071 5.05+007 nge' Ma>: 1.15+008 @Elm 5737.2 Mm 5.05+007 @Elm 5699.1

Vessel 17 - Internal Pressure O.26MPa

Vessel 22 - Internal Pressure 1.05MPa

3.38+007

324+007 1 3.10+00711

2.96+007 2.82+007 268+0071 254+007l,i 240+007 226+0071 212+0071 198+00711 184+007

1

1.70+007 156+0071

•

142+00711 1 2B+007 defaulLFringe

Max 3.38+007 @Elm 5983.2 Min [email protected]

1.37+008 131+0081 125+00811 1.20+008 1.14+008 10B+ooal

1 . 03+008~

9.71 +007 9.14+0071 6.58+0071 8.01+0071 7.45+ 007

1

6.88+007 632+0071 575+00711 5.19+007 defaulLFringe:

Max 1.37 +008 @Elrn 5963.2 Min 5.19+007 @Elrn 5945.1

Vessel 18 - Internal Pressure O.26MPa

4.49+007 4.29+0071

4 08 ' 007 ~

3.88 +007

1.40·007 defoultfringe :

Ma;.: 4.49+007 @Elm 5817.2 Min [email protected]

1.82+008 173+0081

1.65+0081 1.57+008 1.48+008

14o+ooal

1.32+008

5.67+007 defoultFringe :

Ma;.: 182+008 @Elm 5817.2 Min 567+007 @Elm 5779.1

Vessel 19 - Internal Pressure O.26MPa

Vessel 24 - Internal Pressure 1.05MPa

5,77+007 548+0071 5,19-007 490+007 4.61-007 4.31+0071 4,02+007 3.73+007 3.44+0071 115+0071 2,86+00711 256+0071 2,27+0071 198+0071 1.69+00711 1.40+007 defoult_Fringe;

Max 5,77+007 @Elm 59912 Min 1.40-007 @Elm 5953.1

2.33+008 2.21 +008 1 210+0061 1,98+00B 1.86+006 1.74+0001 1,62+00S[

5.65+007 defoullFnnge:

Max 2.33+008 @Elm 5991.2 Min 5.65+007 @Elm5953,1

Vessel 20 - Internal Pressure 0.26MPa

6.62+007 627+0071

t ~ 5.93+007 5.58+007 5.24+007 4.89+0071 4.55+007

1.44+007 defaultJringe: Max 6.62-007 @Elm 5643.2 Min 1.44+007 @Elm 5677.1

2.67+00B

2.53+0081 239+00al l

225+008 2.12+00a

1.98+0061 1.84+00afi 1.7o+ooa 1.56+00al 1.42+006 1.28+00al

1.14+006

1

1.00+00a 8.60+0071 7.21+0071i:

5.81+007 default_Fringe: Max 2.67+008 @Elrn 5643.2 Min 581+007@Elm 5677.1

FEM Stress Plots for Vessels 16-25 under piping loads alone (SA SOL)

128+008 309+0081 289+00811 2.70+008

2.50+008 2.31+0081

If<

2.11+00811!

1.92+008 172+0081 1.52+0081 133+0081 ',13+0081 939+0071 7.43+0071 548+0071 3.52+007 defauitfringe . Mo.-.: 126+008 @Elm 8781.2 Min 3.52+007 @Elm 8804.2

Vessels 16 and 21- SASOL Nozzle Loads only

3.71 +008 348+0081

3.25+00811 3.02+008

2.79+008 256+0081

"'"~

234+008.

2.11 +008

1.88+0081 1.65+0

1.42+008 1.19+008 9.64+007 736+0071

I~i 5.07+007.

2.79+007 defaullfring9 . Mo.-.: 3.71 +008 @Elm 5577.2 Min 279-007 @Elm 5616.2

Vessels 17 and 22 - SASOL Nozzle Loads only

3.18.008

297+0081 277+oosD 2.56·006 2.36+008 215+0081

195+008'\~

1.02+007 deloult_Fringe ; Mox 3.16+008 @Elm 5741.2 Min 102+007 @Elm 5828.3

Vessels 18 and 23 - SASOL Nozzle Loads only

2.72+008 1 2.55.008 237+00811 2.20·008 2.03+008 185+0081 lS8+00aL 1.51 +008 1.34+0081 1.16+0081 9.90+0071 8.17+0071 6.44+0071 471+0071 298+0071 , .25+007 deloulLFringe ; Mox 2.72+008 @Elm 5692.2 Min [email protected]

Vessels 19 and 24 - SASOL Nozzle Loads only

2.48+008

232+0081 2.16+0oeL 201 +008 1.85+008 169+0081

M.'n

154+008 1;~~

138+008 1,22+0081 106+0081

908+00711

7.51+007

1

5,94+007 437+0071 280+0071 123+007

defeul~Fnnge :

Max 2,46-008 @Elm 5644.2 Min 1.23-007 @Elm 5684.3

Vessels 20 and 25 - SASOL Nozzle Loads only

FEM Stress Plots for Vessels 16-25 under combined loading of internal pressure and piping loads

Vessel 16 - Combined Stress Intensity S

3.46+008 325+0081 304+0081.:1 2.82+008

261 +008 240+0081 219+00S[

1.98+008 1.76+00sl 155+0081 1.34+0081 1.13+0081 9.17+0071 706+0071 4.94+0071 2.82+007 defaultfringe : Ma:< 3.46+008 @Elm 8781.2 Mm 2.82+007 @Elm 8852 3

4.18+008 3.93+0081 3.68+0081 342+008 3.17+008 292+0081 2.67+008 2.42+008 216+0081 1.91+0081

166+0081 1.41+0081 1.16+0081 9.03+00711 6.51+00711 3.99+007 defaul1_Fringe: Mox 418+006 @Elm 8781.2 Min 3.99+007 @Elm S866.3

Vessel 17 - Combined Stress Intensity S

Vessel 22 - Combined Stress Intensity S

3.12·008

2.14+008 1.90+00al 166+0081 1.42+0081

1.17+0081 9.31+0071 688+0071

11"

445+007&;' . 2.02+007 defo.ulLFringe : Max 3.84+006 @Elm 5577.2 Min 202.007 @Elm 5616.2

431+008 406+0081

380+0081 3.54+008 3.28+008 302+0081

ili'

2.76+001311

4.25+007 defo.ulLFringe: Mo;.: 4.31 +008 @Elm 5577.2 Min 4.25+007 @Elm 5534.3

Vessel 18 - Combined Stress Intensity S

Vessel 23 - Combined Stress Intensity S

3.40+006 318+0081 296+0086 2.74+008 2.52+008 2.30+0061 208+008!+j 1.66+006

1.42+00 1.20+00al 979+0071 759+0071 538+0071 3.18+0071 9.83+006 defoulLfringe ; MI'IX 3.40+008 @Elm 57412 Min 9.83+006 @Elm 5779.2

4.14+008 389+0081 364+00al l 339+008 3.14+00a 289+00el 264+00al:J 2.39+006 214+00al 189+0081 164+0081

1.39+008

1

1.14+008 8.91+0071 6.41 +00711 3.91 +007 defaulLFringe .

MI'IX 4.14+008 @Elm 5741.2 Min 3 91 +007@Elm 5796.3

Vessel 19 - Combined Stress Intensity S

Vessel 24 - Combined Stress Intensity S

300+008

281+00al 2.61 +008 2.42+008 2.23+008 204+0061 1.84+008

1.65+006 146+0081

126+0061

1.07+0081

8.78+007

1

6.85+007

4.93+0071 300+0071 1.07+007 defaullJringe: Max 300+008 @Elm 5693.2 Min [email protected]

4.13+006 1 3.89+008 364+00811 3.40+008 3.15+008 291+0081 2.66+008 2.42+008 217+0081

1.93+0081 168+0081 1.44+008

1

1.19+008 9.49+007 7.05+00711 4.60+007 default_Fringe:

Max 4.13+008 @Elm 5709.2 Min 4[email protected]

Vessel 20 - Combined Stress Intensity S

Vessel 25 - Combined Stress Intensity S

2.134+008

1

2.66+008

2.48+008lwl/

2.30+008 2.11+008

1.93+00al 1.75+008 1.57+008 139+0081 1.20+0081 102+00811

8.39+007

1

6.57+007 4.75+0071 2.93+0071 1.1 1 +007 defaultFringe:

Mo:< 2.84+008 @Elm 5645.2 Min 1.1'1 +007 @Elm 5684.2

4.35+008 409+00sl 384+0081

3.59+008 3.33+008 3

06+00S~

2.82+008 2.57+008 232+0081

2.06+00al 1.81+0081 1.55+00al 1.30+008 105+0061 793+00711 5.39+007 delaultFringe:

Mo:< 4.35+008 @Elm 5661.2 Min 5.39+007 @Elm 5701.2

Appendix C

Numerical Results for Vessels under External Pressure

Vessel Do T CA L n E Per(W&T Per(ASME Per Per

s (mm (mm (mm (mm (GPa ) (MPa) ) (MPa) Von FEM

) ) ) ) ) Mises (MPa

(MPa ) )

1 2800 8

-

²⁰⁰⁰ 8 200 0.318 0.330 0.329 0.385

2 2800 10

-

²⁰⁰⁰ ⁸ ²⁰⁰ ^0.555 ^0.570 ^0.583 ^0.667

3 2800 12 - 2000 8 200 0.875 0.900 0.950 1.046

4 2800 14

-

²⁰⁰⁰ ⁷ ²⁰⁰ ^1.287 ^1.320 ^1.347 ^1.557

5 2800 16 - 2000 7 200 1.797 1.800 1.900 2.126

6 2800 20

-

²⁰⁰⁰ ⁷ ²⁰⁰ ^3.139 ^2.532 ^3.459 ^3.695

7 1200 8

-

²⁰⁰⁰ ⁴ ²⁰⁰ ^1.132 ^1.140 ^1.202 ^1.323

8 1200 10

-

²⁰⁰⁰ ⁴ ²⁰⁰ ^1.978 ^1.980 ^2.032 ^2.397

9 1200 12

-

²⁰⁰⁰ ⁴ ²⁰⁰ ^3.120 ^3.090 ^3.215 ^3.570

10 1200 14

-

²⁰⁰⁰ 4 200 4.587 3.960 4.822 5.104

11 1200 16 - 2000 4 200 6.405 4.830 6.923 7.069

12 1200 20

-

²⁰⁰⁰ ⁴ ²⁰⁰ ^11.189 ^6.641 ^12.88 ^12.53

9 3

Codecalc external pressure computation sheet

Input Echo, Component 1, Description: extl User Entered Minimum Design Metal Temperature Design External Pressure

Temperature for External Pressure External Pressure Chart Name

Include Hydrostatic Head Components Material Specification (Not Normalized) Allowable Stress At Temperature Allowable Stress At Ambient Curve Name for Chart UCS 66 Joint efficiency for Shell Joint Design Length of Section

Outside Diameter of Cylindrical Shell Minimum Thickness of Pipe or Plate Corrosion Allowance

Type of Element: Cylindrical Shell

PEXT CS-2 NO SA-51670

S SA B E L D T CA

2l.00 C

0.10 N.lsq.mm.

37.78 C

137.90 N.lmm² 137.90 N.lmm²

l.00

2000.0000 mm.

2800.0000 mm.

8.0000 mm.

0.0000 mm.

EXTERNAL PRESSURE RESULTS, SHELL NUMBER 1, Desc.: extl ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1, 1998, A-99

External Pressure Chart CS-2 Elastic Modulus for Material

Results for Max. Allowable External Pressure (Emawp):

Corroded Thickness of Shell TCA

Outside Diameter of Shell OD

Design Length of Cylinder or Cone SLEN

Diameter I Thickness Ratio (D/T)

Length I Diameter Ratio LD

Geometry Factor, A f(DT,LD) A

Materials Factor, B, f(A, Chart) B

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure

148.90 C

199955.00 N.lsq.mm.

8.0000 mm.

2800.0000 mm.

2000.0000 mm.

350.0000 0.7143 0.0002827 28.2604 N.lmm²

0.11 N.lsq.mm.

EMAWP = (4*B)/(3*(D/T» = ( 4

*

28.2604 )/( 3

*

350.0000) = O.lO77 Results for Reqd Thickness for Ext. Pressure (Tca):

Corroded Thickness of Shell Outside Diameter of Shell

Design Length of Cylinder or Cone Diameter I Thickness Ratio

Length I Diameter Ratio Geometry Factor, A f(DT,LD) Materials Factor, B, f(A, Chart)

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure

TCA OD SLEN (D/T)

LD A B

EMAWP = (4*B)/(3*(D/T» = ( 4

*

27.5889 )/( 3

*

355.6560) = 0.lO34

7.8728 mm.

2800.0000 mm.

2000.0000 mm.

355.6560 0.7143 0.0002760 27.5889 N.lmm²

0.10 N.lsq.mm.

Results for Maximum Length Between Stiffeners (Slen):

Corroded Thickness of Shell TCA

Outside Diameter of Shell OD

Design Length of Cylinder or Cone SLEN

Diameter / Thickness Ratio (D/T)

Length / Diameter Ratio LD

Geometry Factor, A f(DT,LD) A

Materials Factor, B, f(A, Chart) B

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure

8.0000 mm.

2800.0000 mm.

2077.7944 mm.

350.0000 0.7421

0.0002716 27.1504 N.lmm²

0.10 N.lsq.mm.

EMA WP = (4*B)/(3*(D/T)) = ( 4 * 27.1504 )/( 3 * 350.0000) = 0.1034 SUMMARY of EXTERNAL PRESSURE RESULTS:

Allowable Pressure at Corroded thickness Required Pressure as entered by User Required Thickness including Corrosion all.

Actual Thickness as entered by User

Maximum Length for Thickness and Pressure Actual Length as entered by User

0.11 N.lsq.mm.

0.10 N.lsq.mm.

7.8728 mm.

8.0000 mm.

2077.794 mm.

2000.00 mm.

FEM Buckling analyses for Vessels 1-12 under external pressure and a 24"

Vessell - External Pressure O.lMPa

Vessel 3 - External Pressure O.lMPa

VesselS - External Pressure O.lMPa

Vessel 6 - External Pressure O.lMPa

Vessel 7 - External Pressure O.lMPa

xl!!

defau't-Deformation<: Ma>:: 1 <25-001 @)Nd 5106

defe.uICOeformation : Max 1.25-001 @>Nd5106

default_Deformation: Mex 1.61-001 ~Nd 3664 Vessel 9 - External Pressure O.lMPa

. . ... default Deformation:

"Mex1.61-001 ~Nd 5094

Vessel 10 - External Pressure O.lMPa

default Deformation: MO)( 1.61-001 {Q}Nd 5'094 Vessel 11 - External Pressure O.lMPa

defEl.!lILDeforme.\loo,;·

. Max:l:61-001'{Q}Nd5094

FEM Stress Plots for Vessels 1-12 under external pressure and piping loads for a 24" Nozzle

6.35+008 594+0081 553+008 511 +008 4.70+008 428+0081 3.87-006 3.45-008 304+0081 263+0081 2.21-00al 1.80+ 008

1

1 38+006 968+0071 553+00711 1.39+007 defaulLFringe

Me;.: 6.35-008 @Elm 5965.4 Min 1.39+007 (P}Elm 6024.3

Vessel 1 - Combined Stress Intensity (24" Nozzle)

4.46+008 4.17+0081 388+0081

159.008 3.30+008 3.01+0081 2.72+008 2.43+008

2,15+006

1

1,86+008 1.57+0081 128+0081 9,90+0071 7,01+0071 412+0071 1.24+007 delauN_Fnnge ,

MO)( 4.46.008 @Elm 5818,2 Min 1 24+007 @Elm 5960.3

Vessel 2 - Combined Stress Intensity (24" Nozzle)

2.76+008 2.56+008

2.35+008 1 2.15+008

1.94+008 1.74+008 1.54+0081

1

133+008 113+0081 9.22+ 007

1

7.18+007 513+0071 309+0071

1.05+007 default_Fringe: Mo.:>: 3.17+008 @Elm 5984.2 Min 1.05+007 (O)Elm 6089.3

Vessel 3 - Combined Stress Intensity (24" Nozzle)

2.39+008 1 2.24·008 2.08+008 1.92·008 1.77+008 1.61+0061 1.46+00811 1.30+006 1.15+0081 9.91+0071 635+0071 680+0071 5.24+0071 368+0071 2.13+00711 5.72+006 defoulLFringe : Mo.:>: 2.39+008 @Elm 5819.2 Min 5 72+006 @Elm 5959.3

1.82+008

17o+oosl

1.58+008 1.46+008 1.35+008 123+0081 1.11 +008 9.90+007 872+0071 7.53+0071

6.34+0071 5.16+0071 3.97+0071 279+0071 1.60+0071 4.15+006 defo.ulCFringe ;

M!IX 1.82+008 @Elm 5715.2 Min 4.15+006 @Elm 5889.3

VesselS - Combined Stress Intensity (24" Nozzle)

1.11+008 104+0081 964+00711 8.94+007 8.23+007 752+0071

6.81+007.

6.10+007 5.40+0071 4.69+0071 3.96+007 327+0071 2.56+0071 1.86+0071 1.15+00711 440+006 default_Fringe: M!IX 1.11 +008 @Elm 926.1 Min 4.40+006 @Elm 4052.3

Vessel 6 - Combined Stress Intensity (24" Nozzle)

4.29+008

1

4.01+008 3.72+00811 3.44+008

2.32+008 2.04+0081 1.76+00S 1 148+00sl 1.20+ 008

1

9.16+007 635+0071 354+0071 7.31 +006

defau~fringe . MO)( 4.29+006 @Elm 850.2 Min 7.31 +006 @)Elm 3842.3

Vessel 7 - Combined Stress Intensity (24" Nozzle)

2.62+006

1

2.64+008 245+00sl 2.27+008 2.06+008 190+0081 171 +00811 1.53+008 1.35+00al 1.16+0081 977+0071 792+0071 6.08+0071 4.24+0071 2.39+00711 5.47+006 default_Fringe:

Ma:< 2.82+008 @Elm 3215.2 Min 5.47-006 @Elm 3477 3

208.008 1.94+0081 fj 1.81+00Si !

1.54.008 140+00al 127+00S[ !

1.13+008 9.96+0071

1

6.60+007 7.25+0071

589.007

1

4.54+007 319+0071 183+0071 477·006 defOoultfringe:

Mo;.: 2.08+008 @Elm 3736.2 Min 4.77+006 (a)Elm 1490.3

Vessel 9 - Combined Stress Intensity (24" Nozzle)

1.54+008 1.44+008 1 134+00611 125+008' 1.15-006 105+00al 946+00711 8.48.007 749+0071 6.50+0071 5.51+0071 452+0071 3.53+0071 254+00711 154+0071 5.53+006 default_Fringe'

Max 1.54+006 @Elm 5726.2 Min 5.53+006 @Elm 5665.3

Vessel 10 - Combined Stress Intensity (24" Nozzle)

1.54+008 1.44+0061 134+0081 1.25+006 1.15+008 1.05+0081 9.48+007 8.46+007 7.49+0071 6.50+0071 5.51+0071 4.52+0071 353+0071 254+0071 154+00711 5.53+006 defaulLFringe: Max 1.54+008 @Elm 5726.2 Min 5.53+006 @Elm 56853

Vessel 11 - Combined Stress Intensity (24" Nozzle)

7.14+007 668+0071 623+0071 5.78+007

532+007 487+0071 4.41+007[

396+007 3.50+0071 305+0071 259+00711 2.14+ 007

1

1.68+007 123+0071 7.74+006 3.20+006 defaulLFringe:

Max 7.14+007 @Elm 5726.2 Min 3.20+006 @Elm 5885.3

FEM Deflection Plots for Vessels 1-6 under external pressure and piping loads for a 24" Nozzle

497-003.

4.66-003

4.34-003 402-003

371-003 339-003.

loa-Dol"

276-003 244-003.

213-003.

181-003.

1.50-003.

118-003

865-004 549-00411 2.33-004 defau1t-.Fringe . Ma.>: 4.97-003 @Nd 7194 Min 2.33-004 @Nd 1120

Vessell - FEM Deflection (external pressure and 24" Nozzle)

315-003 295-003.

276-003.

256-003 237-003.

2.17-003 1 98-003 178-003 159-003.

139-003.

120-003.

101-003.

6.11-004.

6.16-004.

421-004.

2.27-004 default-.Fringe : Max 3.15-003 @Nd 6926 Min 2.27-004 @Nd 6998

Vessel 2 - FEM Deflection (external pressure and 24" Nozzle)

2.29-003 214-003

1 '

200-003 1.85-003

1.72-003 157-0031 143-003~k~~ ~~~

857-0 7.14-004

571-0041 428-00411 264-0041

Vessel 3 - FEM Deflection (external pressure and 24" Nozzle)

1.77-003 166-0031

1

1.54-003

% 1.43-003 1.32-003

1

1.21-003 1.10-0031 9.93-004 8.83-0041

7.72-004.

662-004.

552-0041 4.42-0041

3.31-0041 221-0041 111-004 defauiLFringe Mox 1. 77-003 @Nd 157 Min 1.11-004@Nd 185

139-003

1

130-003

1 . ..

1.22-003 ..

113-003 1.04.003

1

950-004 _",,' 862-004.

7.74-004 685-0041 5.97-004.

509-0041 4.20-0041 332-0041 244-004.

1.55-0041 6.68-005 delaul\..Fringe . Max 139-003 @Nd 193 Min 6.68-005 @Nd 329

Vessel 5 - FEM Deflection (external pressure and 24" Nozzle)

1.06-003 9.92-0041 925-0041 S.59-004~

7.93-004

1

7.26-004 660-0041 5.94-004 527-0041

1 4.61-G04 395-004.

328-0041 262-0041 196-0041 1.29-004.

6.28-005 defaul\..Fringe : Max 106-003 @Nd 225 Min 6.28-005 @Nd 3551

Vessel 6 - FEM Deflection (external pressure and 24" Nozzle)

Appendix D

FEM Results for Vessels under External Pressure and Nozzle PipingLoads

Vessel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

s Nozzl

es 4"

Per' 0.36 0.64 1.01 1.50 2.08 3.62 1.02 1.92 3.15 4.70 6.61 11.85

(MPa) 2 0 4 0 0 6 3 6 6 0 7 3

Per' 0.30 0.56 0.90 1.34 1.90 3.37 0.88 1.61 2.64 4.02 5.77 10.52

(MP a) 6 0 0 7 3 9 1 2 5 0 0 3

12"

Per' 0.27 0.50 0.81 1.22 1.74 3.11 0.78 1.49 2.45 3.70 5.29 9.560

(MPa) 9 4 8 8 3 6 9 0 2 9 1

16"

Per' 0.25 0.47 0.76 1.15 1.63 2.93 0.55 1.18 2.13 3.35 4.86 8.927

(MPa) 7 1 6 2 8 9 0 3 1 4 7

20"

Per' 0.22 0.43 0.72 1.10 1.57 2.83 0.39 0.83 1.52 2.51 3.86 7.705

(MPa) 5 6 5 2 5 8 4 0 0 9 8

24"

Per' 0.18 0.37 0.64 1.02 1.48 2.73 0.32 0.66 1.21 2.01 3.10 6.312

(MPa) 1 0 9 1 8 4 0 9 7 3 2

FEM Buckling Analyses for Vessel 6 and Vessel 12 under external pressure and piping loads for the six nozzles

Vessel 6 - FEM Buckling Analysis 4" Nozzle

Vessel 6 - FEM Buckling Analysis 8" Nozzle

Vessel 6 - FEM Buckling Analysis 12" Nozzle

Vessel 6 - FEM Buckling Analysis 16" Nozzle

Vessel 6 - FEM Buckling Analysis 20" Nozzle

Vessel 12 - FEM Buckling Analysis 4" Nozzle

Vessel 12 - FEM Buckling Analysis 8" Nozzle

Vessel 12 - FEM Buckling Analysis 12" Nozzle

Vessel 12 - FEM Buckling Analysis 20" Nozzle

Vessel 12 - FEM Buckling Analysis 24" Nozzle

Dalam dokumen A comparative study on the effects of internal vs external pressure for a pressure vessel subjected to piping loads at the shell-to-nozzle junction. (Halaman 152-200)

Appendix A

'-

t)

-

at

cJ ','4

f,..

,1\.

ASME VIII Div 1 Fig. UG-37.1 NOMENCLATURE AND FORMULAS FOR

REINFORCED OPENINGS

gs

7j'

7j'

(1.1

7j'

7j'

.!J.

(1.1

=

=

---_._---

'.

, .

v:-

v

l

LEGEND :-

Ell1PllCAl HEADS, TORISPHERICAL HEADS.

SPHERICAL SHELLS

HEADS

i

1

---.-y _ .. _ ___ .. ___ '-'_ '_.' . _ ____ . _ _ .

!

Appendix B

I

1

1

•

1 . 03+008~

1

4 08 ' 007 ~

14o+ooal

1

If<

195+008'\~

154+008 1;~~

1

ili'

1

1

1

1

1

06+00S~

Appendix C

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*

*

*

*

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

---.-y _ .. _ _ .. _ '-'_ '_.' . _ ____ . _ _ .