Chapter 1 Introduction
5.3 Efficiency measurements
Chapter 5. Experimental cross section measurements 51 Table 5.2: The normalizing factors used to normalize the Geant4 efficiencies
with respect to experimental data.
Crystals Normalizing factor
Crystals Normalizing factor
Clover A1 0.71 Clover A5 0.72
Clover B1 0.91 Clover B5 0.78
Clover C1 0.88 Clover C5 0.82
Clover D1 1.09 Clover D5 0.85
Clover A2 0.74 Clover A6 Ignored
Clover B2 0.65 Clover B6 0.90
Clover C2 0.89 Clover C6 1.05
Clover D2 0.80 Clover D6 1.03
Clover A3 0.93 Clover A7 0.79
Clover B3 Ignored Clover B7 0.81
Clover C3 0.90 Clover C7 0.86
Clover D3 0.79 Clover D7 0.91
Clover A4 1 Clover A8 0.81
Clover B4 0.79 Clover B8 0.83
Clover C4 0.83 Clover C8 0.89
Clover D4 0.79 Clover D8 0.79
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Energy (keV)
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Co60_clover_A1_experiment Eu152_clover_A1_experiment Cs137_clover_A1_experiment Geant4 simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.5: The absolute efficiency for clover A1. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of
152Eu,60Coand 137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_B1_experiment Co60_clover_B1_experiment Cs137_cloverB1_experiment Geant4 simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.6: The absolute efficiency for clover B1. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of
152Eu,60Coand 137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized Geant4 simulation.
Chapter 5. Experimental cross section measurements 53
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (MeV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_C1_experiment Co60_clover_C1_experiment Cs137_clover_C1_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.7: The absolute efficiency for clover C1. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of
152Eu,60Coand 137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_D1_experiment Co60_clover_D1_experiment Cs137_clover_D1_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.8: The absolute efficiency for clover D1. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of
152Eu,60Coand 137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Energy (keV)
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_A2_experiment Co60_clover_A2_experiment Cs137_clover_A2_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.9: The absolute efficiency for clover A2. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of
152Eu,60Coand 137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_B2_experiment Co60_clover_B2_experiment Cs137_clover_B2_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.10: The absolute efficiency for clover B2. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
Chapter 5. Experimental cross section measurements 55
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_C2_experiment Co60_clover_C2_experiment Cs137_clover_C2_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.11: The absolute efficiency for clover C2. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_D2_experiment Co60_clover_D2_experiment Cs137_clover_D2_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.12: The absolute efficiency for clover D2. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Energy (keV)
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_A3_experiment Co60_clover_A3_experiment Cs137_clover_A3_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.13: The absolute efficiency for clover A3. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_C3_experiment Co60_clover_C3_experiment Cs137_clover_C3_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.14: The absolute efficiency for clover C3. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
Chapter 5. Experimental cross section measurements 57
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_D3_experiment Co60_clover_D3_experiment Cs137_clover_D3_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.15: The absolute efficiency for clover D3. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_A4_experiment Co60_clover_A4_experiment Cs137_clover_A4_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.16: The absolute efficiency for clover A4. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Energy (keV)
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_B4_experiment Co60_clover_B4_experiment Cs137_clover_B4_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.17: The absolute efficiency for clover B4. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_C4_experiment Co60_clover_C4_experiment Cs137_clover_C4_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.18: The absolute efficiency for clover C4. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
Chapter 5. Experimental cross section measurements 59
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_D4_experiment Co60_clover_D4_experiment Cs137_clover_D4_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.19: The absolute efficiency for clover D4. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_A5_experiment Co60_clover_A5_experiment Cs137_clover_A5_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.20: The absolute efficiency for clover A5. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Energy (keV)
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_B5_experiment Co60_clover_B5_experiment Cs137_clover_B5_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.21: The absolute efficiency for clover B5. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_C5_experiment Co60_clover_C5_experiment Cs137_clover_C5_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.22: The absolute efficiency for clover C5. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
Chapter 5. Experimental cross section measurements 61
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_D5_experiment Co60_clover_D5_experiment Cs137_clover_D5_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.23: The absolute efficiency for clover D5. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_B6_experiment Co60_clover_B6_experiment Cs137_clover_B6_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.24: The absolute efficiency for clover B6. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Energy (keV)
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_C6_experiment Co60_clover_C6_experiment Cs137_clover_C6_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.25: The absolute efficiency for clover C6. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_D6_experiment Co60_clover_D6_experiment Cs137_clover_D6_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.26: The absolute efficiency for clover D6. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
Chapter 5. Experimental cross section measurements 63
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_A7_experiment Co60_clover_A7_experiment Cs137_clover_A7_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.27: The absolute efficiency for clover A7. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_B7_experiment Co60_clover_B7_experiment Cs137_clover_B7_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.28: The absolute efficiency for clover B7. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Energy (keV)
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_C7_experiment Co60_clover_C7_experiment Cs137_clover_C7_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.29: The absolute efficiency for clover C7. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_D7_experiment Co60_clover_D7_experiment Cs137_clover_D7_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.30: The absolute efficiency for clover D7. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
Chapter 5. Experimental cross section measurements 65
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_A8_experiment Co60_clover_A8_experiment Cs137_clover_A8_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.31: The absolute efficiency for clover A8. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_B8_experiment Co60_clover_B8_experiment Cs137_clover_B8_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.32: The absolute efficiency for clover B8. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Energy (keV)
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_C8_experiment Co60_clover_C8_experiment Cs137_clover_C8_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.33: The absolute efficiency for clover C8. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Energy (keV) 0
0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0014
Absolute efficiency
Eu152_clover_D8_experiment Co60_clover_D8_experiment Cs137_clover_D8_experiment Geant simulation_Gamma source
Figure 5.34: The absolute efficiency for clover D8. The red circles, black squares and green diamonds stand for the measured absolute efficiencies for the peaks of152Eu,60Coand137Cs, while the blue triangles denote the normalized
Geant4 simulation.
Chapter 5. Experimental cross section measurements 67