1. Introduction to Thesis
5.5 Future directions
The following recommendations could be made:
a) Parents of the top 45 hybrids (15 from each environment) selected should be further crossed to at least 4 more testers to expand the number of potential hybrids, which will then be tested in the whole green maize producing areas of Kwa-Zulu Natal.
Such areas include Tugela ferry, Camperdown and Vryheid.
b) Market study is recommended to give information on market size, market distribution and market trend. This will give total tons of green maize produced and sold in KZN.
c) Consumer sciences study is also recommended, to provide information on green maize nutrient content and shelf life.
d) Green maize hybrid with high vitamin A content is also recommended. Consumer preference for this maize has not been quantified, given its nutritional superiority to white maize.
Participation of the farmers and consumers in all said studies should be considered for the adoption of the hybrid.
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6 Appendices
Appendix 1: Geographical information for Research stations
Station Name Latitude Longitude Altitude
MAKATINI -27.390S 32.170E 77m
Maximum Temperatures [°C]
Year Jan Feb Mar April May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg 2007 34.06 35.29 34.06 30.54 29.56 26.07 26.71 29.00 30.08 28.69 30.22 31.45 30.48 2008 33.07 34.62 32.53 29.37 28.69 25.92 27.40 28.72 28.71 30.20 30.67 33.21 30.26 2009 33.55 32.26 32.06 30.79 28.48 27.34 26.20 26.49 28.61 27.33 28.07 31.45 29.20 AVERAGE 33.27 34.13 32.59 30.28 28.66 26.49 27.15 27.22 29.08 29.22 30.50 31.66 Minimum Temperatures [°C]
Year Jan Feb Mar April May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg 2007 20.96 21.55 19.62 16.64 10.95 10.87 8.83 11.38 16.58 17.40 19.11 19.6316.13 2008 21.32 20.04 20.05 16.21 14.00 11.80 10.11 13.79 13.53 16.97 20.33 21.4116.63 2009 22.32 21.22 19.21 16.28 14.53 12.23 8.06 11.99 14.98 18.30 17.78 19.6316.08 AVERAGE 21.62 21.26 19.49 16.58 13.01 11.19 9.35 11.63 14.89 17.80 19.77 20.50 Maximum Relative Humidity [%]
Year Jan Feb Mar April May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg 2007 93.03 93.16 92.66 95.53 94.45 95.96 94.49 91.31 91.58 91.35 91.20 92.4193.09 2008 89.88 89.27 91.96 92.40 94.94 94.47 94.17 90.24 88.72 86.35 90.01 88.0490.87 2009 90.25 92.77 92.70 91.40 93.72 91.36 93.56 93.22 89.96 92.36 92.11 92.4192.13 AVERAGE 91.85 92.45 92.61 93.54 93.96 94.13 94.39 84.95 90.85 90.60 91.42 91.71 Minimum Relative Humidity [%]
Year Jan Feb Mar April May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg 2007 39.24 37.45 34.81 45.38 27.67 41.78 29.52 27.51 37.75 44.13 47.22 44.8838.11 2008 41.80 34.08 40.10 39.44 41.17 42.33 30.77 32.11 33.10 38.08 47.38 41.5438.49 2009 45.63 47.85 42.35 36.36 39.96 33.70 30.32 37.30 39.27 53.06 51.50 44.8841.57 AVERAGE 44.32 40.53 39.52 40.57 35.37 38.19 30.43 31.62 36.91 44.64 46.51 45.48 RAINFALL [mm]
Year Jan Feb Mar April May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total 2007 95.80 47.90 23.60 59.40 0.00 50.60 5.90 0.00 14.80 49.90 93.10 96.50 537.50 2008 32.50 1.60 49.60 54.80 10.40 31.00 1.00 1.60 15.90 19.80 34.80 50.90 303.90 2009 54.40 87.30 13.10 11.50 52.50 5.50 3.50 53.10 5.20 46.80 3.10 96.5 336.00 AVERAGE 60.90 45.60 28.77 41.90 20.97 29.03 3.47 18.23 11.97 38.83 43.67 73.70 Source of data: ARC
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Station NameLatitudeLongitudeAltitude CEDARA_PP29.540 S30.260 E1066m 1.1 Maximum Temperatures [°C] Year Jan FebMarApril May Jun Jul AugSepOctNovDecAvg 200726.8628.1925.2223.59 23.419.7920.7522.37 24.2821.223.04 24.49176.17 200826.5726.6125.0622.23 23.219.3921.1522.93 22.7922.824.33 26.25176.25 200925.4326.1425.5724.722.6720.1720.3521.99 22.5322.6822.42 24.94176.05 AVERAGE26.2926.9825.2823.51 23.0919.7820.7522.4323.2022.2323.26 25.23 1.2 Minimum Temperatures [°C] Year Jan FebMarApril May Jun Jul AugSepOctNovDecAvg 200715.4515.6713.8811.75 6.033.522.645.3710.8811.3712.78 13.64163.84 20085.9515.0112.959.017.354.232.925.895.8810.0513.01 14.93162.71 200914.8515.2313.339.846.753.721.314.9 7.6711.2411.55 13.66163.31 AVERAGE12.0815.3013.3910.20 6.713.822.295.398.1410.8912.45 14.08 1.3 Maximum Relative Humidity [%] Year Jan FebMarApril May Jun Jul AugSepOctNovDecAvg 200793.9794.5793.2692.77 79.1382.7379.5281.48 89.392.9494.37 93.2236.48 200895.896.5396.7595.66 94.794.8688.8393.35 91.7696.0895.995.65241.84 200996.3695.9396.0595.54 94.7493.6589.6391.15 93.6495.5594.49 95.52241.63 AVERAGE95.3895.6895.3594.66 89.5290.4185.9988.6691.5794.8694.92 94.79 Minimum Relative Humidity [%] Year Jan FebMarApril May Jun Jul AugSepOctNovDecAvg 200748.7442.9346.6545.13 24.2329.5323.928.72 40.5750.7456.67 60.56192.72 200839.7451.2148.8944.14 34.4338.5238.5228.99 30.4751.6554.61 52.33193.96 200959.2354.4548.8241.34 36.3232.2322.8129.65 38.3851.0655.04 54.86194.86 AVERAGE49.2449.5348.1243.54 31.6633.4328.4129.1236.4751.1555.44 55.92 1.4 RAINFALL [mm] Year Jan FebMarApril May Jun Jul AugSepOctNovDecTotal 200772.218.9107.934.80.5 31.80 1131.3169177.9 81.52743.8 200817.167.147.875.20.6 22.20 4.4 32.726.789.65 64.522455.97
110
200982.0465.7927.4321.34 48.512.540.2527.43 9.9192.9770.36 52.842510.41 AVERAGE57.1150.6061.0443.78 16.5418.850.0814.2824.6496.22112.6466.29 Source of data ARC. Station NameLatitudeLongitudeAltitude DUNDEE RES STATION28.130 S30.310 E1219m 1.1 Maximum Temperatures [°C] Year Jan FebMarAprillMayJun Jul AugSepOctNovDecAvg 200728.12 30.73 27.925.09 23.97 20.77 20.21 22.45 28.14 22.526.126.12 177.62 200826.97 27.925.65 22.95 23.120.37 21.31 24.24 25.71 26.72 27.59 28.61 177.62 200927.75 26.66 26.08 24.98 21.93 19.419.31 21.23 30.32 21.35 27.43 30.22 177.36 AVERAGE27.61 28.43 26.54 24.34 23.00 20.18 20.28 22.64 28.06 23.52 27.04 28.32 1.2 Minimum Temperatures [°C] Year Jan FebMarApril MayJun Jul AugSepOctNovDecAvg 200714.95 14.97 13.63 10.43 2.852.940.944.949.8811.55 13.12 13.85 163.16 200815.13 15.29 13.18.895.773.612.415.357.4311.27 14.44 15.24 163.53 200915.85 15.56 13.49 9.246.634.12-0.11 4.728.6511.44 11.73 12.89 163.32 AVERAGE15.31 15.27 13.41 9.525.083.561.085.008.6511.42 13.10 13.99 1.3 Maximum Relative Humidity [%] Year Jan FebMarApril MayJun Jul AugSepOctNovDecAvg 200798989897.55 95.897.06 95.56 96.69 95.48 9897.89 98244.08 2008989898989898939393.68 96.61 96.66 94.09 243.31 200994.48 94.96 95.16 94.73 89.98 87.75 90.48 90.52 81.796.02 95.41 94.47 239.59 AVERAGE96.83 96.99 97.05 96.76 94.59 94.27 93.01 93.40 90.29 96.88 96.65 95.52 Minimum Relative Humidity [%]
111
Year Jan FebMarApril MayJun Jul AugSepOctNovDecAvg 200748.09 39.62 40.69 45.79 22.97 33.64 2830.08 30.23 59.27 52.11 52.29 191.52 200854.49 48.24 48.32 46.23 39.71 39.44 28.98 29.21 32.99 46.342.27 37.77 192.46 200945.346.36 40.03 31.81 31.08 31.34 19.99 27.39.6553.81 37.535.08 186.02 AVERAGE49.29 44.74 43.01 41.28 31.25 34.81 25.66 28.86 24.29 53.13 43.96 41.71 1.4 RAINFALL [mm] Year Jan FebMarApril MayJun Jul AugSepOctNovDecTotal 2007122.4 79.341.125.60.3 27.70.5 3.5 9 222.6 161.5 73.62774.10 2008113.1 68.190.758.15.7 160.9 1.1 14.357.2130.48156.712720.39 2009200.39155.1965.27 4.3218.86.350.5173.40 50.55 106.43179.072869.28 AVERAGE145.30100.8665.69 29.34 8.2716.68 0.6426.00 7.77110.12132.80136.46 Source of data ARC.
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Appendix 2: Features of the experimental inbred lines derived from the population HYP16 NamePedigree OriginPlantEarEar \PlantEarGrainAnth Prolificacy heightHeightpositionAspect AspTexDate GML1HYP16-F3B-3-3-B-B-B09MAK15-117585.00.493.0 3.0 2.0 96.03 GML2HYP16-F3B-6-1-B-B-B09MAK15-219085.00.453.0 1.0 5.0 96.03 GML3HYP16-F3B-7-1-B-B-B09MAK15-318360.00.334.0 5.0 5.0 90.03 GML4HYP16-F3B-7-2-B-B-B09MAK15-417083.00.494.0 4.0 2.0 90.03 GML5HYP16-F3B-11-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-518896.00.514.0 2.0 4.0 96.03 GML6HYP16-F3B-11-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-616191.00.573.0 2.0 2.0 96.02 GML7HYP16-F3B-13-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-715075.00.503.0 2.0 3.0 96.02 GML8HYP16-F3B-14-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-817586.00.493.0 3.0 3.0 94.03 GML9HYP16-F3B-14-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-915284.00.553.0 2.0 1.0 94.03 GML10HYP16-F3B-17-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-1015086.00.573.0 2.0 1.0 94.02 GML11HYP16-F3B-17-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-1117083.00.494.0 2.0 2.0 96.02 GML12HYP16-F3B-18-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-1215079.00.534.0 3.0 2.0 96.02 GML13HYP16-F3B-18-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-1317280.00.473.0 4.0 2.0 100.02 GML14HYP16-F3B-20-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-1415576.00.494.0 3.0 3.0 96.03 GML15HYP16-F3B-21-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-1515080.00.534.0 3.0 3.0 96.02 GML16HYP16-F3B-23-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-1617985.00.474.0 4.0 2.0 96.02
113
NamePedigree OriginPlantEarEar \PlantEarGrainAnth Prolificacy heightHeightpositionAspect AspTexDate GML17HYP16-F3B-23-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-17192104.0 0.543.0 2.0 4.0 96.02 GML18HYP16-F3B-23-4-B-B-B-09MAK15-1817575.00.433.0 3.0 2.0 96.02 GML19HYP16-F3B-27-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-1917576.00.434.0 4.0 3.0 96.03 GML20HYP16-F3B-27-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-2015886.00.543.0 4.0 3.0 94.03 GML21HYP16-F3B-27-4-B-B-B-09MAK15-21195102.0 0.524.0 3.0 4.0 96.03 GML22HYP16-F3B-28-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-2215461.00.404.0 4.0 3.0 94.02 GML23HYP16-F3B-28-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-23173108.0 0.624.0 4.0 4.0 96.02 GML24HYP16-F3B-29-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-2419682.00.423.0 3.0 3.0 104.02 GML25HYP16-F3B-29-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-2518098.00.543.0 3.0 4.0 96.02 GML26HYP16-F3B-43-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-2610150.00.503.0 4.0 2.0 96.02 GML27HYP16-F3B-43-4-B-B-B-09MAK15-2716271.00.443.0 3.0 4.0 96.02 GML28HYP16-F3B-44-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-2816270.00.433.0 3.0 1.0 96.03 GML29HYP16-F3B-50-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-2917180.00.474.0 3.0 5.0 90.02 GML30HYP16-F3B-52-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-3018893.00.494.0 4.0 2.0 96.02 GML31HYP16-F3B-56-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-3114569.00.483.0 3.0 3.0 96.02 GML32HYP16-F3B-56-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-3218879.00.424.0 3.0 2.0 96.03 GML33HYP16-F3B-56-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-3320087.00.443.0 2.0 3.0 96.03
114
NamePedigree OriginPlantEarEar \PlantEarGrainAnth Prolificacy heightHeightpositionAspect AspTexDate GML34HYP16-F3B-56-4-B-B-B-09MAK15-3420085.00.433.0 3.0 4.0 96.03 GML35HYP16-F3B-58-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-3515365.00.423.0 4.0 3.0 96.03 GML36HYP16-F3B-58-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-3612565.00.524.0 0.0 1.0 96.03 GML37HYP16-F3B-60-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-3717686.00.493.0 3.0 2.0 90.03 GML38HYP16-F3B-69-4-B-B-B-09MAK15-3820695.00.463.0 3.0 3.0 3 GML39HYP16-F3B-70-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-3915476.00.490.0 0.0 GML40HYP16-F3B-71-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-4020096.00.484.0 3.0 2.0 96.03 GML41HYP16-F3B-76-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-4120295.00.474.0 1.0 4.0 96.02 GML42HYP16-F3B-77-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-4213765.00.474.0 3.0 2.0 91.03 GML43HYP16-F3B-79-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-4319385.00.444.0 3.0 3.0 90.02 GML44HYP16-F3B-79-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-4416595.00.583.0 4.0 5.0 96.02 GML45HYP16-F3B-83-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-4517085.00.504.0 1.0 5.0 90.03 GML46HYP16-F3B-83-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-4617275.00.444.0 3.0 1.0 90.03 GML47HYP16-F3B-85-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-4717097.00.575.0 4.0 2.0 96.03 GML48HYP16-F3B-86-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-4816275.00.464.0 2.0 3.0 96.03 GML49HYP16-F3B-86-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-4916783.00.504.0 4.0 3.0 96.02 GML50HYP16-F3B-87-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-5015470.00.454.0 3.0 3.0 96.02
115
NamePedigree OriginPlantEarEar \PlantEarGrainAnth Prolificacy heightHeightpositionAspect AspTexDate GML51HYP16-F3B-91-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-51206106.0 0.514.0 2.0 4.0 96.02 GML52HYP16-F3B-91-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-5216565.00.398.0 3.0 2.0 90.03 GML53HYP16-F3B-92-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-5317484.00.484.0 4.0 1.0 96.03 GML54HYP16-F3B-93-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-5420597.00.475.0 2.0 5.0 96.03 GML55HYP16-F3B-94-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-5518383.00.454.0 4.0 4.0 90.03 GML56HYP16-F3B-98-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-5616686.00.524.0 3.0 3.0 96.03 GML57HYP16-F3B-98-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-5716180.00.504.0 4.0 1.0 96.03 GML58HYP16-F3B-99-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-5817573.00.424.0 3.0 1.0 96.03 GML59HYP16-F3B-100-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-5915879.00.504.0 2.0 1.0 100.03 GML60HYP16-F3B-100-3-B-B-B-09MAK15-6017586.00.493.0 3.0 4.0 96.03 GML61HYP16-F3B-102-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-61187108.0 0.584.0 3.0 2.0 90.03 GML62HYP16-F3B-102-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-6215077.00.513.0 3.0 4.0 90.03 GML63HYP16-F3B-102-4-B-B-B-09MAK15-63185100.0 0.542.0 3.0 2.0 96.03 GML64HYP16-F3B-119-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-6418597.00.524.0 2.0 3.0 96.03 GML65HYP16-F3B-119-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-6520075.00.384.0 2.0 4.0 96.03 GML66HYP16-F3B-124-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-6618097.00.544.0 3.0 3.0 90.03 GML67HYP16-F3B-127-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-6715875.00.474.0 3.0 5.0 96.02
116
NamePedigree OriginPlantEarEar \PlantEarGrainAnth Prolificacy heightHeightpositionAspect AspTexDate GML68HYP16-F3B-128-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-6816690.00.544.0 3.0 4.0 96.03 GML69HYP16-F3B-133-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-6912075.00.633.0 5.0 4.0 96.03 GML70HYP16-F3B-136-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-7013560.00.444.0 3.0 4.0 96.03 GML71HYP16-F3B-146-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-7215588.00.572.0 4.0 3.0 90.03 GML72HYP16-F3B-146-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-7315292.00.614.0 3.0 4.0 96.03 GML73HYP16-F3B-147-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-7417675.00.434.0 3.0 3.0 96.02 GML74HYP16-F3B-148-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-7519276.00.404.0 4.0 2.0 96.02 GML75HYP16-F3B-151-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-7618595.00.513.0 2.0 2.0 96.02 GML76HYP16-F3B-157-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-7718787.00.473.0 4.0 4.0 96.03 GML77HYP16-F3B-166-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-7816090.00.563.0 4.0 4.0 90.03 GML78HYP16-F3B-167-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-7917883.00.473.0 3.0 4.0 90.03 GML79HYP16-F3B-168-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-8012345.00.374.0 4.0 5.0 90.03 GML80HYP16-F3B-171-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-8114558.00.404.0 4.0 1.0 96.03 GML81HYP16-F3B-172-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-8213064.00.494.0 3.0 5.0 96.03 GML82HYP16-F3B-175-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-8316194.00.584.0 4.0 2.0 96.02 GML83HYP16-F3B-175-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-8412360.00.495.0 5.0 2.0 90.02 GML84HYP16-F3B-179-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-8617673.00.414.0 1.0 2.0 90.03
117
NamePedigree OriginPlantEarEar \PlantEarGrainAnth Prolificacy heightHeightpositionAspect AspTexDate GML85HYP16-F3B-183-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-8718488.00.485.0 2.0 5.0 96.02 GML86HYP16-F3B-186-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-8817077.00.455.0 5.0 1.0 96.03 GML87HYP16-F3B-191-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-8919088.00.465.0 4.0 4.0 96.02 GML88HYP16-F3B-193-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-90177114.0 0.645.0 3.0 2.0 104.03 GML89HYP16-F3B-211-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-9217090.00.535.0 4.0 3.0 96.03 GML90HYP16-F3B-212-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-9316063.00.394.0 3.0 2.0 96.02 GML91HYP16-F3B-218-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-9417075.00.444.0 0.0 0.0 96.03 GML92HYP16-F3B-218-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-9520550.00.244.0 2.0 5.0 90.02 GML93HYP16-F3B-221-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-9619182.00.434.0 3.0 5.0 96.03 GML94HYP16-F3B-222-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-9718597.00.524.0 5.0 2.0 90.03 GML95HYP16-F3B-227-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-9815175.00.504.0 4.0 3.0 96.03 GML96HYP16-F3B-234-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-9918597.00.524.0 4.0 3.0 96.03 GML97HYP16-F3B-235-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-100 16051.00.324.0 3.0 1.0 96.03 GML98HYP16-F3B-235-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-101 15882.00.524.0 3.0 3.0 90.03 GML99HYP16-F3B-236-1-B-B-B-09MAK15-102 14545.00.315.0 2.0 4.0 96.03 GML100HYP16-F3B-236-2-B-B-B-09MAK15-103 18680.00.434.0 0.0 0.0 90.03 GML101CML444-B-09MAK15-106 15270.00.463.0 3.0 3.0 96.03
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Appendix 3: The top 15 hybrids means for green maize traits and agronomic traits at Dundee HYBRIDSLineTester Ear YieldMarketing abilityEar SizeEars No. ADSDPHEHEar PositionText.Grain Moisture (%) Mean (t/ha)Relative to SC701 (%) Mean Index Relative SC701 (%)
Weight (g) Length (cm) # dayscmscore GMH80GML83 PA17.861108.1086366.821.90.8 66.872.4290.6 154.5 0.535 15.6 GMH4GML4PA17.771087.2777347.721.01.1 64.969.5282.7 144.1 0.515 20.7 GMH104GML1P1 7.761089.1997403.022.31.2 68.070.7280.2 153.2 0.543 20.2 GMH54GML55 PA17.611067.2677327.722.21.2 68.374.2265.6 140.4 0.534 21.5 GMH138GML44 P1 7.531057.9184354.422.50.9 63.867.3288.0 147.2 0.514 18.7 GMH47GML48 PA17.491053.8841191.620.51.2 69.170.3298.2 190.4 0.634 19.0 GMH107GML55 P1 7.361039.88105423.823.11.5 67.270.8305.3 166.9 0.554 17.8 GMH162GML76 P1 7.361038.9295377.523.31.6 66.769.4309.6 150.4 0.493 21.3 GMH29GML29 PA17.241017.5480386.119.61.1 67.369.0276.7 137.9 0.504 18.7 GMH152GML65 P1 7.09999.3899396.523.01.2 64.470.4289.2 155.1 0.543 21.7 GMH180GML99 P1 7.02989.71103420.522.51.0 65.868.5314.0 179.0 0.573 22.4 GMH66GML68 PA16.92977.4579316.523.31.0 67.476.5296.2 151.5 0.514 20.2 GMH28GML28 PA16.88963.1633176.820.10.9 67.374.1287.3 151.2 0.533 19.6 GMH7GML76 PA16.88966.0964275.821.01.1 69.076.2275.5 147.2 0.524 21.8 GMH144GML55 P1 6.799510.06 107419.624.01.4 66.069.7276.5 139.8 0.504 21.3 Checks SC701 7.161009.44100393.923.41.1 66.770.4296.2 146.2 0.504 22.1 PAN6777 4.7710.32 109401.526.81.1 64.369.3268.8 125.5 0.475 20.6 Grain texture, 1 = flint and 5 = dent; ear size (ear weight and ear length), ears number, anthesis date (AD), silking dates (SD), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), ear position (EPO), grain texture (TEX), and grain moisture
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Appendix 4: The top 15 hybrid means for green maize and agronomic traits at Cedara Hybrid NameLineTester Ear YieldAnthesis DateSilking DateEar LengthGrain TextureGrain Moisture content Mean t/haRelative to SC701 (%)
dayscmscore % GMH120GML20P19.0415983.383.223.44 20.1 GMH115GML15P18.8015584.383.323.14 22.3 GMH155GML68P18.6015183.684.329.05 19.2 GMH146GML57P18.5015084.282.122.34 21.3 GMH145GML56P18.5015084.083.522.44 19.3 GMH159GML73P18.4614984.382.221.24 19.1 GMH91GML94PA18.3014684.381.421.05 20.6 GMH170GML86P18.2714683.783.322.14 20.2 GMH139GML47P18.1614481.879.823.94 18.6 GMH113GML13P18.0814284.081.324.23 20.3 GMH175GML93P17.9714083.879.621.64 19.7 GMH124GML26P17.7613784.381.223.14 22.2 GMH169GML85P17.7013684.282.122.25 19.4 GMH165GML80P17.6813584.384.321.54 20.8 GMH176GML94P17.6613583.984.422.44 21.2 Checks SC701 5.6810084.183.924.05 20.6 PAN6777 4.978884.184.323.75 20.6 Grain texture, 1 = flint and 5 = dent
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Appendix 5: The top 15 hybrids means for fresh ear yield, marketing ability, ear length and ear weight at Makhathini HybridLineTester Ear YieldMarketing abilityEar LengthEar Weight Mean t/haRelative SC701 (%) Mean indexRelative SC701 (%)
CM(g) GMH91GML94 PA1 13.3238 6.788322.7296.7 GMH152 GML65 P1 12.1217 7.619322.8335.9 GMH143 GML52 P1 11.9213 7.789521.4363.9 GMH155 GML68 P1 11.7211 8.91109 23.4377.2 GMH120 GML20 P1 11.6208 8.64105 25.6333.2 GMH161 GML75 P1 11.2202 6.578020.4319.1 GMH113 GML13 P1 11.2202 7.489125.1296.9 GMH112 GML12 P1 11.1200 7.278923.3309.9 GMH126 GML28 P1 10.9196 8.41103 23.9350.7 GMH58GML59 PA1 10.8194 10.80 132 22.7467.5 GMH167 GML82 P1 10.7193 7.889624.9311.2 GMH178 GML97 P1 10.7192 8.23101 23.5352.3 GMH148 GML59 P1 10.6191 7.929725.6305.3 GMH115 GML15 P1 10.6191 8.009826.9296.9 GMH90GML93 PA1 10.5189 6.748222.1306.3 Checks SC701 5.6 100 8.19100 25.0328.2 PAN7M07 4.1 747.549225.3299.6 PAN6777 10.5189 8.62105 24.7351.3