Employment Profile
2.4 Climate Change
2.7.13 Programme Implementation: Capacity Issues
153 2.7.12 Programme Impacts: Spatial & Social Transformation
Of keen interest are the impacts of the programme on spatial and social transformation.
Key Programme Spatial and Social Transformation Benefits
Mega-Projects
Creation of new rental and ownership residential stock
Provision of core, social, and economic infrastructure
Improved connectivity to the urban network
Improved PT thresholds
Incremental Services
Tenure security
Inclusion of the poor and Provision of core and social infrastructure
Eradication of core infrastructure backlogs
Improved connectivity to the urban network Institutional and
Social Housing Creation of new rental and ownership residential stock
More efficient use of core and social infrastructure Affordable Housing
In-Situ Upgrades and Greenfields
As for Incremental Services
Creation of residential ownership stock
154 2.7.14 Programme Implementation Responsibilities for the Key Programmes
Discrete programme implementation responsibilities are spread across several line departments, as well as across some external parties.
Generally the Human Settlements Unit assumes the lead role to Select Projects, Prepare Concepts, and Acquire Land, and take the Top-structure elements to Construction.
For the Core Infrastructure elements of where land development is a requirement (typically in Mega- Projects, Incremental Services, Upgrades and In Situs) , generally there is a delegation of responsibility and authority to Development Engineering to Design in Detail, Go to Tender and to Construct.
Key
Programme
Select Projects
Prepare Concepts
Acquire Land
Design in Detail
Tender and Construct
Fund Capex
Operate and Maintain
Mega-Projects EH
EM
EH EM
EH EM
EH Others [7]
EH
Others [8] Various [9] Line Various [10]
Incremental Services
EH EH EH
Dev Eng Dev Eng USDG Line Institutional and
Social Housing
SHI EH
SHI
EH Various [11] SHI Line
Affordable Housing Private Private Various [12] Private
In-Situ Upgrades and Greenfields
EH Dev Eng
EH Dev Eng
USDG
HSDG Line
Key
EH eThekwini Housing/Human Settlements Unit
EM eThekwini Municipality (inclusive of all service units as required) Dev Eng Development Engineering
SHI Social Housing Institution
USDG Urban Settlement Development Grant HSDG Housing Settlement Development Grant
7 Development Engineering, SocialHousing Institutions, Private Sector, Dept Public Works
8 *Social Housing Institutions, Private Sector, Dept Public Works
9 Urban Settlement Development Grant, Human Settlement Development Grant, Community Residential Units, Social Housing Restructuring Grant, Equity, Loans
10 Social Housing Institutions, Private Sector, Dept Education, Dept Health
11 Urban Settlement Development Grant, Human Settlement Development Grant, Community Residential Units, Social Housing Restructuring Grant, Equity, Loans
12 Ibid
155 2.7.15 Program Implementation: Capital Budgets
Programme 2016-17
Rm
2017-18 Rm
2018-19 Rm
MTEF Rm
Mega Projects Varies Varies Varies 2.916
Incremental Services
Community Ablution Blocks 259 211 250 720
Community Access 90 90 90 270
Electricity 11 16 40 67
Social Facilities 0 0 0 0
Sustainable Livelihoods 0 0 0 0
Institutional and Social Housing 0 0 0 0
Affordable Housing 0 0 0 0
In-Situ Upgrades and Greenfields
Topstructures 644 739 803 2,159
Core infrastructure 405 396 405 1,205
TOTAL 1,409+ 1,452+ 1,588+ 7,337
Challenges in financing the Key Programmes include:
Lack of year-by-year certainty for Mega-Projects, mainly due to many of them being in the early phases of the Programme and Project Lifecycle.
A need for greater quantums for the Incremental Services programme, particularly for Community Access and Electricity Sub-Programmes.
Absences of budget for Social Facilities and Sustainable Livelihoods under the Incremental Services Programme, mainly attributable to the absence and-or non-integration of Sub-programme Descriptions.
Absences of budget for Institutional and Social, and Affordable Housing, mainly due to a need to re-conceptualise the Programme Descriptions.
Better matching of budget to ensure that construction of Core Infrastructure keeps up with Topstructure construction.
Spatial Reference
The Human Settlements Unit utilises a prioritisation model in developing its project pipeline. The model principally prioritises housing projects according to location. It is applied to all types of housing projects namely Greenfields and Upgrading Projects, but not to Rural projects. The following criteria have been developed to assess the locations of future projects:
Bulk Infrastructure Costs
Personal Travel Costs
Integrated Rapid Public Transport Network (IRPTN)
Employment and Economic Opportunities
Basic Social Facilities (Primary/Secondary Education and Health Care)
The Urban Development Line (UDL)
156 Improved locations of housing and improved accessibility, especially of low-income housing, is a major goal of the Housing Sector Plan. High scoring projects are generally located within the Prime Corridor and Dense Urban ICDG Zones.
Having incorporated the criteria into a Geographic Information System (GIS) and utilising a scoring matrix, a priority list of informal settlements earmarked for upgrade projects was generated for instance. The rationale was for the housing delivery programme to work its way from the top of the list viz. selecting those settlements that were least costly to implement from a bulk infrastructure perspective and those that were fairly well located. On the other hand, settlements that did not score so well on the matrix viz. those at the bottom of the list (where the affected households would have had to wait longer for a housing intervention) were identified for the Incremental Services programme.
The idea being that as both the housing delivery programme and the Incremental Services programme work their way from the top and bottom of the list respectively, they will eventually meet somewhere in the middle having covered all settlements with some form of intervention.
The following lists and maps (attached as Annexure 13) represent the Human Settlement Projects completed, underway and proposed:
1. MTEF List of Human Settlements Projects (including Housing Infrastructure and Incremental Services)
2. Map: 2016/17 BNG Projects 3. Map: 2017/18 BNG Projects 4. Map 2018/19 BNG Projects 5. List of Informal Settlements 6. List of Greenfield Projects 7. List of Social Housing Projects 8. List of Special Housing Projects
Broad Challenges to Housing Delivery
Available funding versus the demand for housing within the City.
The current housing subsidy quantum does not take into account or cover the escalating costs for certain key aspects such as steep terrain, retaining walls and densification.
Unavailability of Bulk infrastructure (sewer, water, electricity and roads) and/or aging infrastructure especially in historical projects.
157 2.8 Social Facilities at eThekwini Municipality
Social facilities are publicly and privately owned and operated properties and/or services which are publicly accessible, which deal with social development and socio-economic development, and which are necessary components of sustainable human settlements. Social facilities include:
Health
Fire Protection and Emergency Services
Police
Education
Sports and Recreation
Social Grants
Cemeteries
Government Offices
Improved quality of life for eThekwini citizens means that they are able to enjoy equitable opportunities to participate in culture, leisure and education, such as those that are available through community facilities. Ensuring full service provision of community facilities needs to be closely guided by service standards, and requires the necessary operating funds to sustain these facilities on a day to day basis.
The provision of community facilities and services is guided by the standards developed by municipal line departments and are based on a combination of national norms and the ability to sustain these standards given municipal budget constraints.
An Access Model has been developed to match the demand for facilities, based on population numbers and income and age profiles, with the supply and capacity of facilities geographically. The social services currently included in the Access Model are Primary Health Clinics, Community Health Centres, Primary Schools, Secondary Schools, Libraries, Fire Services, Community Halls, Sports Fields, Indoor Sports Halls, Sports Stadia, Swimming Pools, Cemeteries, Parks, and Police.
This assessment shows the nature and extent of facility backlogs across the Municipality and all requests for the construction of new facilities are currently being assessed within this context.
158 2.8.1 Service Levels and Backlogs
Table 4: Current Levels of Service for Social Facilities According to the Access Model, the
current levels of service for social facilities are as shown alongside. A capital development program is in the design phase to respond to the most critical under-provisions of service.
Overcoming under-provision in security, fire protection, health care, education (including libraries), cemeteries and basic recreation are likely to be prioritised.