The prototype was built at a laboratory scale to mimic the process of drying in a solar thermal system (such as greenhouse dryer). Recommend to build a large scale solar dryer.
The tests were conducted during spring, Recommend to test the equipment in other seasons.
Ascaris deactivation was not investigated due to lack of viable eggs in the sample. Recommend to perform this analysis in the future, with eventual spiking of viable eggs if not present in the sludge.
I would recommend the use of a mathematical model of the solar system, such as Comsol, in order to aid in the comparison as well as proposal of design modifications.
Page | 85
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Page | 97
APPENDIXES
Appendix A: Ethical clearance
Page | 98 Appendix B: Drying chamber drawings
The construction drawings were drawn using SolidWorks and transposed to produce construction drawings.
Figure B. 1: Drawing #1
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Figure B. 2: Drawing #2
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Figure B. 3: Drawing #3
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Figure B. 4: Drawing #4
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Figure B. 5: Drawing #5
Page | 103 Appendix C: Standard operating procedures
C1: Drying Rig
1. Scope and Application
Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of a solvent by evaporation from a solute. The process involves a heat source and a carrying medium to absorb and transport the moisture away. In the most common case, a gas stream is used to apply the heat by convection and carry away the vapor. When a piece of wet material is exposed to unsaturated air, evaporation takes place from its surface. The rate of evaporation is higher with an increase in temperature of the air. At a given temperature the rate of evaporation is dependent on the vapor pressure difference between the air close to the material and that of the more mobile air surrounding it. The drying rig allows control of a preheated air temperature and flow rate.
2. Brief description of the Rig
A compressed air line is used to drive the flow through the rig. The flow rate is controlled by use of a valve on the compressed air line and monitored by a rotameter. A heater is also connected to control the temperature of the air stream. The sample is exposed to direct solar radiation in a double walled transparent drying box. The radiation is measured on site by use of a pyranometer.
3. Safety Precautions
Ensure that all electric cables are not in contact with water.
Do not switch on the heater when there is no air flow.
Ensure all pipes are firmly connected 4. Procedure
Start up
1. Switch on computer and open appropriate software (Solar Drying) and data logger 2. Test and preset the flowrate
3. Preheat air to desired temperature
4. Switch on mass balance and pyranometer 5. Place sample in the drying chamber Operation
1. Log and monitor rotameter regularly Shut down
1. Remove sample, Switch off the mass balance and pyranometer 2. Switch off the heater
3. Close the air supply
4. Turn off the computer and data logger