Triangulation helps to reflect an attempt to ensure a thorough understanding of that phenomenon in qualitative studies. According to Denzin (2015:1), in the study of the same phenomenon, triangulation refers to the use and combination of several research methodologies. This is done through crosschecking of different sources of data to confirm the accuracy of the findings (Rosa, et al., 2017:64).
4.4.1 Perspectives on Implementation Processes and Procedures
In this study, data from interviews and documents were triangulated to determine the divergence of views in relation to the research objectives. The table below reflects the views from government, farmers and documents such as annual reports, evaluation reports and policies of the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform.
Table 4.1: Implementation Processes and Procedures for 1hh1ha
Divergent Perspectives on Objective One: Implementation of processes and procedures for 1hh1ha
Primary Data Secondary sources
Farmers Government
“We do not get any assistance from anyone.” FSS1,FSE1,FSE2,FF2
“Participation and integration of public and private sector” (DRDLR, 2017:4).
1hh1ha implementation framework and amended policy 2017
Lack of support from strategic partners (Evaluation & Research, 2019:17-19).
Report on Implementation Evaluation of the One Household One Hectare &
One Household Two Dairy Cows Programme 2019
“We do not have enough land and there is nothing we own as a youth.”
FF2, FU1
“Security of tenure rights” (DRDLR, 2017:4; Evaluation & Research, 2019:17-19).
Report on Implementation Evaluation of the One Household One Hectare &
One Household Two Dairy Cows Programme 2019
95
Table 9 illustrates the divergent of views between farmers and government. However, in terms of convergence, the majority of farmers and government officials agreed on the screening of application processes, the composition of governance structures and reporting mechanisms.
4.4.2 Perspectives on Facilitation and Hindrances of Social Cohesion
Divergent perspectives have been triangulated in the in table 10 to gauge diverging perspectives from the farmers and government.
Table 4.2: Perspectives on Social Cohesion Divergent Perspectives on Objective Two:
Exploration of how the 1hh1ha Programme Facilitates or Hinder Social Cohesion
Primary Data Secondary sources
Farmers Government
“We need to assist them to find
employment.” FU2, FSS1, “Create sustainable employment in rural households.” (DRDLR, 2017:4)
1hh1ha implementation framework and amended policy 2017
“Deterrents of employment creation”
(Evaluation & Research, 2019:115)
Report on Implementation Evaluation of the One Household One Hectare &
One Household Two Dairy Cows Programme 2019 We have never been helped but we
have had many empty promises. FF1, FSS1, FSE1, FSE2
“Promoting social cohesion: strive for mutually beneficial households, building communities and private sector…” (DRDLR, 2017:4)
Report on Implementation Evaluation of the One Household One Hectare &
One Household Two Dairy Cows Programme 2019
“Beneficiaries have reported a Cooperative/ group composition dynamic,” (Evaluation & Research, 2019:115)
It emerges from the text in table 10 that there are common areas where the government and the farmers agree. Such areas as sharing common goals, however, it has also emerged from the text that social cohesion is happening at community level however, not at all levels of society as government perceive it to be.
4.4.3 Perspectives on Opportunities for 1hh1ha Programme to Improve Rural Development Strategy
In table 11 views on opportunities for 1hh1ha programme to improve rural development strategy were extracted from interviews and strategic documents from the department. The results are tabled in table 11.
96
Table 4.3: Perspectives on opportunities to improve rural development strategy
Divergent Perspectives on Objective Three: Opportunities for the 1hh1ha Programme to improve rural development strategy
Primary Data Secondary sources
Farmers Government
“We are all on our own for now.” FF1, FSS1, FSE1, FSE2
“Capacity development and learning through development” (DRDLR, 2017:5).
1hh1ha implementation framework and amended policy 2017
“Lack of capacity building for beneficiaries and Lack of conflict management skills,” (Evaluation &
Research, 2019:117).
Report on Implementation Evaluation of the One Household One Hectare &
One Household Two Dairy Cows Programme 2019
Although they are diverging perspectives from farmers and government, there are converging perspectives from the parties as well. For instance, both farmers and government noted the lack of development in land restored to the people through the restitution programme. “There was very limited evidence of land restitution claimants, farm dwellers and occupiers, and labour tenants’ households participating in the programme and this is a cause for concern as this target group might be left out. The Department to ensure that all targeted groups are included in the programme,” (DRDLR, 2017:123). Whereas some farmers/beneficiaries felt left out our government had restored land to them.
4.4.4 Perspectives on recommendations to enhance agricultural and rural development knowledge and practices
Table 12 reveal divergent perspectives by farmers and the government. However, in some instances, both the farmers and government have converging perspectives on areas of enhancing agricultural and rural development practices. Divergent perspectives are illustrated in table 12.
Table 4.4: Perspective on recommendations to enhance agricultural and rural development knowledge and practices
Divergent Perspectives on Objective Four: Recommendations to enhance agricultural and rural development knowledge and practices
Primary Data Secondary sources
Farmers Government
“The challenge is when a decision not to fund state-owned farms with infrastructure and we do not have farming implements.” FF2, FSS1
“Infrastructure development costs e.g.
fencing, Pack sheds and other related production infrastructure shall be covered...” (DRDLR, 2017:9).
1hh1ha implementation framework and amended policy 2017
“In many instances, projects have been supported with mechanisation and implements but are in dire need of
Report on Implementation Evaluation of the One Household One Hectare &
97
irrigation water and systems as water availability is a challenge.” (Evaluation
& Research, 2019:123).
One Household Two Dairy Cows Programme 2019
“The [/infrastructure development/]
target was not achieved due to planning processes that took longer than
anticipated” (DRDLR, 2019:39).
Annual Report 2018/2019
The majority of farmers and government agreed that there are challenges with the current funding model of the projects, however, they proposed different solutions to the challenge. This is also true when it comes to the planning of projects. The majority of farmers and the department’s annual report cite prolonged planning which leads to underachieving targets. This section leads to the emerging themes of this study.