/4"

LO.ND h

AL

/4"

lfth Dec. 1960

rS.111/r,.~y

r//d~

Pl'AIRS

~berra)

43/44

16th Deoe bar, l960.

'- N T A R C T I C A

••ting of the Interim Group waa held ,t buain••• ih• Oro~p approved th•

r-.tourth ••tiJMJ.

ot th• freat7 the repre•entatiY•

no further 1ntoraat1on and the

t•d that the Araen~in• Hou.e of taken up cona1derat1on of th•

liopect they would cto ao within a tew 4qa.

repr sentatiTe also referred to the Au1tralia.n request to be info ed within 10 ct~a ot the Keetina on 6th Deo ber, wh ther thty woUJ.ct ~· 1n a poaition ~o ratif7 by l Februnry, 1961, e.na e1ute4 that the reQu••* waa uarellliatic b oauee no government could give euoh on assurance. He,

n verth le a, did the rapr•••nt tive of Chili ;h t

th AllStral1 edintel7 been referred to their res eotive ove o member of th• Group aeema to have

enr

id a e to wh n Chile and the gentin• 111 rntit7 and on cannot help ondering aoaet1••• how hard ratification ia b ing p 884 1

The group next prooeedect to oone14eration of th•

que tion of h Canberr &«•n4a. Yeu "111 :reoal1 th t t the nty-fourth Ke ting it •a• egreea th t a eub-8J'Oup coneieting of tho e re eent tiv o who haa euba1tted .agenda ^1~e a ebould

et on 9 D oember in an endeavour to araw up •xplanato17 notee on th asend 1te s. i'hie e~group (Un1te4 iS'ta'tee, Un1te4 Kingdom, Australia, Japan, South Afric ) duly et, but only

found/ •••••••••

2.

(•) h Aot, like that ot Awttrnl.1 _tro 1te op rat1on th h1gh W1tb1n

•

Zar tu "nli ot r ouu.ntrj'

et he 3ur1ad1ctio

d1ftioult1 a 1n Antarot1c • Pr1or to the r tific tion ot th ~r aty bf o , the g1 n 11 nt dopted

le 1 lat1on to n4 n aot of 1930 ext nd1 orwes1an ~ur1s- diot1on to Gian Antarotio territor,. The &tteot ot the

ndi l g1 lation • to g1.v torei era 1 unity tro orweel law in .Antarot1o ere thi waa required by

int rnat1onal treat1ea. The nd1ne leg1alat1on did not to the Anto.ro 1o reaty apeolfioall7 but to 1nter-

t1 a general!¥•

Yo •111 note that all the oountr1•• ao tar who have

t ken t pa to give etf ct in l aielation to 'the 3ur1acUot1onal prov1a1ons ot t Antarctic ty are olo.1 t oountri••·

U' th nion l•si l t a in thia field 1 t "111 ba t e ti.rat non- ol 1.aant o do o. It occurs t , therefore, that th• Union w111 a to be er, careful indeed in 4raw1:ng up its lag1elat1on

to p 1m,pre 1on b 1 4 that 1 doi o it

1awl1 dl.J oosnia a th juriediotion of ota.r reai1 pariiea o r ntarctio f rritor3. ! e Union'• main concern ia apparentl)r to ext nd t ~ur1e 1ot1on of Oouth ~r1oan Court• to territory outside the Union 17 ntorot1oa, where t • 3ur1ad1ct1on of

t e ool.lJ't do s not ap~l.7· ithout bo1 aware of the l•B&l 1ntr1o oie involved could thie, ~or ex ple, not be achieved by

rgu.1 t t Antarctic la t•rl:'I ulllua (after all we reoosrna•

outh

lt t

and it in ~aot

o 1t1on

re) nC! eo e~ lJ e.xtand1 the ~ur1sd1ot1on

ot

oourta v r outh At'r1oan oltlaena ln Antarotio sit o~ even r ferr1ns • eo1~1oall.7 to t e

xem»tlng obs rvere d xohange ao1ent1eta iotion of Afr1o Courts 1• concerned

t t th1a r•all.1 • ' 1D8 wi'th which

uu,.uuJte w on .ban occur.rel! to 1tt1c;.ilt1•• where there are itt'ic ti•• •~ all.. You will, howaYer, be 1.D a better o ow •hilt the oorroot o 1 ion 11.

LV

'\wf

~~

-.1\1!\1>1 ,

~.~

""(

l t l 81

(

)

I

oountey.

4)/ 4

• Antarot1co..

102/2/7:/l.

o r

102/2/7/3

ot th

•

1ths-

not ¹ thin the (b) Ori

ntey.

(o) tr1ot1on of w e l d jur1ad1ot1on 1n th o

( <1)

ot c1v1l rut criminal ott rusea co t t d b7 tional.a ot ot r tie to the 'f tJ who are ob erT rB or

~ere of their tnt'fo hil ^t he o a

pend nay.

!he Act l.ao provides t t

lilin1 ter of Sx rnn.l 1'1'air

c rtifio te fro the l aet rm1 wh ther or not

or

o1 nt1 t .

r on 1 an observer or exo ac1ent1at the at f f ot 8.Jl¥ auch ob orv r or xo

( )/

....

I I l -

43/44

43/ 4

CONFIDENTIAL 3rd Doc~em'ber • 1960.

LONDON.

L~

\ ~

~~

'\I\•~' ,

~.y

1'

23rd December, 1960.

•

nut•

101/2/'tll

net'

'lCJl/R/?/J

ot

!:rd ~o the quenton ot aio,P11q

• ett•o'

to Ar'1al• VIII ot 1be

10 MYi . . 1oa 'Sba' . . . Z.M•M

,-.1on tt1 tA&~ alnlaQ

uor••.,

'the ten o~ the Au'h"allan

An

lhe ••

Beal.ml An wld.ell 'tllii . . .

mad• a..ail.altle.

ot, 70~ will no'•• 4•al• •ith1-

' 8 # -11curz-;;&w~•--••--.---

-'-

Rolla l>ltpeDie-.q V ~

,»eraoa.

. - en-

o..itwcl _, - . lltal!M4!tl'• ia o~v par'8

~ ~ . . . ioa <aft w1~• ~he ~l&i-1 . . io,1on ~ .,,,,

•etllltl7•

('b)

or1••

eollli1tte4 b7 new Zealand•N •llo an oll••l'ftN aria e'Zohange •oientl•'tll or 'the - o . n ot the •taf'H

ot •uoh o'baernn or •nhaJl&e

••i•n,1•1i•,

^Watl•t

1MT are in aQ -par' of Antaretlea otMr th.all tllii

oa• penleno1 Wh1oh 1• •ithi• tbe ~litl•lietloa of

&J1T ooant17.

(o) 1ir1otion of

n.w

^ueal•nd ~ur1ad1otion in the oa••

ot o1Til and criminal often.•• comaltt•d b7 natioJW.l•

ot other

par'i••

^{to tlw} TnatJ who an obHrnr• or

exohana'e

so1ent1•1•

or .. •b•ra ot

their et~t• whil•t

'Sbe)' are 1n ~ part ot .lntarctioa 1nalwt1nc the Rn•

J>epen4eno7.

( 4) l'be Aot alao proyid•• ^{thai •} oeri1f'ioat• boom 1b•

ni•'•r ot xiernal Affair• •hall 4etera1D9 •h•t!Wr or not a pen1on 1• an observer or exohanBe •aienti•' or a meaber ot th• •tatt ot &Ill' •110h obsoz-ntr or e ahan.se ao1ent1et.

(• )/

....

RESOLUflON

or

BIOLOGY ADOPTW AT 1'~ CLOSING PLENA T

s

ION

OF THE ANTA CTIC SYUPOSimt HELD A~ BUENOS AIR S 1 OV.E!mBR 17-25, 1959

Th delegates to thie Symposium r convinced that the ti a h come to to.lee positive steps townrde th protection and preserva- tion of Antarctic wild life.

The n ture of f una develo d throueh the joint advent gee of an unrivall d food supply at sea and the absence of indigenous enemies on land ke euoh steps o nti l, both bee use of the unique oharaoter1 tic of the bird and a; ale oono rn d, and bee use of their complete 1aok of mean or instinct of eelt-

pr aervation whil out of the woter, and their consequent ertreme vulnerability to th mischief of unprincipled men and uncontrolled dogo. It ie recognized that th killing of ^D ale, penauinte and other creatur s i s so eticea nee s ary to provide foo« for men

and doss, and that th 3udioioua collection of biological ap c1 ens i likewie t1 tt1118 and pro r.

However. it u t be cono d d th t sch se oon ~he reeu ply operations in support of Antarctic scientific base bri 1th them into the Ant rot1o number of r one, mbers of ehipe• co paniee

nd others, who poas s a mini um of int r et in th n tural. life and its conservation and who, if not upervieea and controlled, hav cede and will continue to o use o rioue dcunQ8e to th flora end t una. enguina and oth r colonial forms readily oc 1!> ible to predation ar e ey victime and highly vulner ble f una types.

It 1 aloo true that so car lee spocta of od rn o rations uch the flyine ot h licopt r ov r penguin rook rie ana th

pumping of b1lg by ips close to abor , with no alice int nded, can cause tr ndous harm to 1ld-11f populations. ell- int nded but 111-advi d activiti which di turb Ith natural interplay of popul tion d •eiti a, uch a the d etru.ction of skuas on th theory that this will b nef1t th pensuin , al o leave their

marks.

ConBiderlng Bll th abo•

ana

in reoo¢ tion of the int mational ap ct of Antarotio o1entific activities, i t io our firm conv1ot1on th t the v ral nation supportina Antarctic et tion hould tak joint tepe to n ur th pr oerv tion of the tarctic flor and fa d i t prot ct1on fro n dleea p rs cution d deatrQotion;

and :further, that the proper ncy to oo-ordin t such t pe ia the S ciel Co t t e on Antarctic e nrch (SCAR).

i'he tb t th ce vi a be mad

lmown to SCAR 1th th requeot th t 1 t prepare atandard re ulationa hich 111 provid th prot ction n ceaaaX7 to all form of

tarctic tlor ftlld fauna, and tbot b r nations b xhortod to oc d to th a r Ill tion and r e to their etr1ct

enforce ent ..

RESOLUTION PA SED UNANI OOSLY Af !?HE T ELP~H INTER4 NATIONAL conF.Eru:IiCE OF THE I i'.ERnAfIO AL COUNCIL FOR .BIRD P.R SERVNl'IOR HELD AT TOKYO AY 24-29, 1960.

The International Council for Bird Preservation cal.ls ttention to the urgent n d for intern tional protection of the unique Antarctic .fauna, and particularly to the do.nger to

such fauna of releaaing sled dogo, o.f introducing inten- tionally, or unintentionally, exotic animala, of rmitting discharge of oil in ;Antarct1o waters, e.nd of ol.lowillg

1nterfer nee by crews and per onnel 1th penguins and other indigenous wildlife. It urgeo the inclu ion in the propooed Antarctic treaty ot appropriate provisions sovernill8 these nnd other matters designed to protect the Antarctic t un , Bild it further urg a the setting aeide of adequate inviolnte r oervee tor the preservation of 'this faWl and ot the

natural Antarctic environment.

It m 15: The

rel tine to the rp;x in

In proposing this item the South African Govern ent h d in mind the fact that at leaet one country hacS already announced its intention to rcct nuclear re otor 1n

Ant rctica and that other countries would no doubt follow

uit as atomic po er co es into general uae. In tbe

01.rcwnstanoes 1 t wo\.\ld tei:i that the avail b1U ty

ot

expert

o.dvice nftectine Antarctic will be

highl)- d indeed neceeaar.v a ti goec on. The pione re in thie field would, tor example, no doubt noounter peculiar difficulties aris1ll8 out ot the n e4 to oper te r actors in ~he Bxtre • cold of the Ant retie,

a

would B in xperience which woUld b of xce di value to those tollowina in their footat pa. Purtbenaore aa to io power co o into gen ral u e in Antarctica the question of the

d1apooal ot radio-active wast is lik 17 to beco an ioeue ot ajor 1 porto.no and periodic 1nfori;:iation on th lat et develop- ante 1n this fi 14 would be ost ~se~ul.

In th light ot the above. i t is a eeted th t the Oanb rr ••t1D8 might give consideration to the poe ibilJ.ty of arrang1Jl8 for gule.r oonault tio.n betw n T:naty Pow rs with exch ot 1ntona t1o.n and dvice r l ting to th pplication of nucl ar ner83 in the !l'r at¥ area and to the xch e ot information on the diapoeal ot r Bio- ctiv w et terial produced in Antarctica.

- 4 -

b in diffioult7 end need d ss1 te.no • h Institute l o wond red hother th exchrm&e of scicntlfio 1nf orm tion 1 th p per w e not too d t ile a.a thie type of xchnnge 1a lr ad,y b ing carr1 d out by uOAR.

As the Canberra ti will no lo r t o place in P bruory, the Group coneidered t t ther w D no neo seit7 to ma t us frequently ae it h a be n o1J18 and it w ccordinel.7

.greed th t tbo next mcetinG shoulu be held on Jlat J nuary.

1961.

'. C.

o n.

--

- 3 -

r cnll hio prcr.d _{t th ti} 1tO 1rculate th

re olut1on opted t the In rnational

Coma1tte n stat t c1 he oul o1rcu1 ta ^h re-

comm nd tion ot tho hel.tth H o c1roulut d co:pf

o~ the reeolution of the Antarctic w OB1WI h ld at enos Aires in

1959.

Coplen of t ae re attsc d.

fhere was no turther 1eouacion of the rench

1~•• (it•• 12) oonoern1ng reoi»rooal aaa1et&Ace aa the J:reAoh repr•••ntativ• had no' yet rooe1v•4 1he olar1f1a 'ion.a ha had requested on the ^aub~ect.

!he Croup briefl.1' touched on the ea of Pro- o edure forwarded to you 1th my minute 43/44 of J.6th Deceabe:r, 1960. fhe aw Zealand reprea nt t1ve w a the o.nl.7 •••b-r of the Group who had received SJJ3 1nst.ruotions on this question. He expres ed aome doubt as to the n cea itJ of retalni:ng rules 8 to 17 becau.aa th• ew Zeal.and uthor1ties apparentl.y teel that these rulee will inoreaae th formality nd rigidity of the

aet1nge. fhe ma1nt inins of thee rules will undoubtedl.7 make for le flex1b111t7 but on the other if there are no such

rul.••

ereater burden f ll.e upon th Chairman to ensure the orderlJ maintenance of prooe 41nge. I sh ll be glad to have your Ti.ewe on th se draft rules of procedur in due course.

~etore ad~ournins to-day th Group heard trom the orwegian represent tiT ome tent tiv views of th

orweg1an olar Institute on the various p p re eublait~ d on int'ormation rel.a.ting to th xpalti.tion and tat1ona of v rious countrica. Tbeae v1 we wor briefly t t the Institute oon- aid re that the United Bt~tee p p r d been too lODS, wh11st that of the United Kingdo w a too abort. ~he uatr 11 paper in their view on the oth r hand wa ell balanced. ~he Institute was lao or1t1oal of the 1aok of 1n1'or tion 1n the v r1oua

paper• on the ape 4 and range of action of veeeele used 1n Ant rot1ca - ther consider that auoh dat should b aup~lied

ecause it might e import nt 1f vase 1 of ~ countr¥ ehoul4

be

I ...

-

Gov rnment ^{o 7ou}

- 2 -

ow, al dy been rat1ti d ~ the

~ority in the lioue is, ho r,

t • he lend r on

nna

1t o e not wieh at the mo ont to 1'U b tor r t1fic tion ot th Tre ty 1n pnrt1oular s Chile 1 ^luyi r t1f1c tion - for it 1 ar ed that the opposition in the ouse cou1d w ll •

c pit l out of the

t

ct th t th Chi.l n had not t k•n et p to r tify b.V eug t1D6 thnt th r cons uently muet be mething wron 1th th !re ty. In other orda th Ar ont1ne Gov rnr:lGnt

might ll decide ^to delc7 1n1t1 tin tcpa to obtain r t1fica- tion until th Ch1leOD ove in tb1 dir otion. I.n tbe meantim th ^r doe not ceeI;l to b much that 117one c do to haaten the prooea xo pt to exert preacu.re

of th Interim Group.

t each moet1na

!he Group ncx"t took up 41 cu ion of tho agenda 'for the Canberra e ^ting but did not prosr a very tar. he

outh ~rice.n repr aen tivc circul t d p per (coyy attached) in re rd to the item

15

on the senda cone ming nucle r ener67.

~h pap r ia be. d in the in on th co ants contained in your

ute 102/2/7/3 of 23rd Sopt ber, 1960. tat in my minut 43/44 ot 16th Dooember, 1960, i t will b 1noumb nt on South

Afr1c the 1nit1 tor of th1e item to prouuc b ckground paper h1cb coul.d erv as sis for di oueeion in Co.nberr • It ould be oot u efuJ. if your th ht• on ho this i t ^houl.d

•

^{t Canb rra und any p y you can}

be a baeie

tor the

xc

nge ot vi ^{of th}

Group.

th ref reno concerning

livins r source the United re pr ⁱⁿ r f rring to the United Xill8dO pap r c1roul tad t nty-tifth

eet1ns of the Group (!l.\Y inut 43/44 ot 16th D cember, 1960, r f r ) point d out that the Intern t1onn.l Co itt on Bird

r oerv tion hnd h ld ite fwclftb eetin in Tokyo ubsequent

ting ref rred to in th Unit d Ki p p r. B z-e-

c

ueo. I ...

-

^{t . Nr. a}

^43/44

EMBASSY OF THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA AMBASSADE VAN DIE UNIE VAN SUID·AFRIKA

WASHINGTON 8. D C

23r ce r, 1960 •

•

'1' A H C 1 C A.

he Twent7-ei:xth

• held 70 te1'Cla7.

tir ot he lnt r1a Grou,p

Aft r approving nty-

fifth et1 th• Group ^,Pa aed to t e qu at1 n

ot

r t1t1c t1on.

fhe Chil ^wi an Argent1n re_pJ:•cs nt t i a 4 ;no f'urtbe.r informa- tion to part to the Group. The Austr 11 r pr••entativ ,

ouno 4 that they no lo er conoider d j t tor the 0 ting to b held t th• b 1nn1JiG ot bru

t they re ccor insl.y postponin,g tho 4 e ~ntil to b announc 4 1 ter.

It would now t r tit1c 'tion

t e Ar ent1n bo delay d w ll into next y r. 1fficu1ty vtr th r t1f1cat1on of the ^~r ty 1e, it 1a 11 vod, t i d in

•1th th protocols recently ei c4 by the raentine

OT r the boundar7 dispute be een th t e Ohileo.n.

controverei t"ters e be rotocol the

rt! ty t the s e tim • Cons u ntl.; on of th e a to b 41apoo d of fir t nnd he cho1oa a f llen rotocola. It felt. 1 beii ve, that t fre t7 o U l¥ to t1r ^p nor ^t1onul.1 t th pr 'tocol •

o etf ort i l l therotore to h he

C rec ^s rov he i;rotocol • her 1 o c rt 1nty ba protocols 111

tific tiou ot th ^~r t7 J ne :next 1 •

A

prove but it 1 pos _that

~ ntine 1 cone rn the re ty baa / •• ,