I would like to state that the thesis titled "Challenges in water supply in Mbulwane area of uMvoti Municipality" is the work carried out by me under the supervision of Mr. The purpose of this study was to explore water supply challenges in Mbulwane area. of uMvoti Municipality.
Introduction
- Introduction
- Background
- Location
- Water in Mbulwane Area
- Research Problem
- Aim of the study
- Objectives of the study
- Main Research Question
- Conclusion
Water scarcity has recently been considered a serious and threatening phenomenon on a global scale (McDonald, Clarke, Boden and Kay, 2010). Therefore, this theory is more relevant to this study because in terms of water service provision, it brings a call to decision makers to provide people with a fair share and equal distribution of resources.
Review of Related Literature
Conceptual Framework
Consequently, this negatively impacts water quality and the right to water supply, posing water supply challenges. Quality of life is related to the quality (sufficient, harmless, easily accessible and affordable) of water.
Theoretical Framework - Social justice and Human right
This argument will add value to the information in the study, the current water supply situation thus achieving the objectives of the study. This implies a continuous removal of the right to water, as a basic need present in the constitution (Keck and Sikkink, 1998).
Causes of Challenges on Water Provisioning in East Africa
Ohlsson, 1995) assumes that Southern Africa, with only about 2% of the world's population, is estimated to contribute about 6% of global population growth by 2050 (Ohlsson, 1995). This transboundary effect is due to the fact that many ecosystems span national boundaries (Leroy, 1986). The study of (Kaiser, 1989) similarly proves this as he postulates that there will be an increase in prices due to climate change in relation to the deterioration of overall production.
However, there are similarities in this study by Marshall (2011) and the study by Eriksen et al. 2005), where they both see climate change and drought as one of the factors hindering water supply in East Africa. Furthermore, the study by Marshall (2011) corresponds to the study by Vörösmarty et al. 2005), where they both see pollution as one of the causes of water supply challenges on the East African continent. According to the World Bank (2010) cited in Marshall (2011), approximately 23 million of the population in 1990 resided in Kenya, but in 2008 the population increased to nearly 40 million people due to migration.
This causes contamination of the wells because the bacteria from the pit latrines come to the wells. However, all these measures failed; the National Report of the state (2006) in Kenya revealed that failure was due to misadministration of water resources through the country's unsustainable policies regulating water in Kenya Marshall (2011).
The Fundamental Regulations for Water Provision in South Africa
According to Article 3(1) of the Water Services Act 1997, every individual has the right to access basic water supply and sanitation. The Republic of South Africa unfortunately faced inequality in its water supply and as a result the White Paper on Water Supply and Sanitation was introduced. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, people in South Africa still faced great inequality in terms of water supply services.
The maximum amount of water in South Africa for that period was for white commercial agriculture. On the other hand, Section C of the Water and Sanitation Policy indicates that basic services together with the provision of water are a human right. Monitoring and auditing are still under the authority of central government (Affairs and Forestry, 1994). According to Gleick (1998), section 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa provides the right to healthcare, food and social security.
More significantly, the concept of the quantity and quality of water for each individual entitled to access and the meaning so far must be measured by a South African court (Gleick, 1998). This study is therefore an attempt to investigate the challenges and its causes in supplying water as a basis for the study.
Challenges of water provisioning in South Africa
This helps achieve the objectives of the study to describe the causes of water scarcity and answers the question on the main challenges of water supply in the study. This also corresponds to the ideas postulated in the background of this study that although the policies are in place and as good as they are, the right of the people to a reliable water supply has not yet been realized. Current under-performance in the delivery of basic services requires rooting out policy making and implementation.
The level of involvement and governance in the implementation of such policies is thus open to debate. In addition, the long-term status of the most important water quality challenges is unsatisfactory. A 1991 investigation of the Transkei ruling party's entire water supply scheme found that only 10% of the water supply scheme was functioning to provide acceptable water quality and quantity Ravenscroft and Cain (1997) cited in Mackintosh and Colvin (2003). Many former 'homeland' regions remain a legacy of inadequate care schemes. Thus, it can be said that this study could answer the research question about the causes of water supply challenges. Population growth, industrial development, economic growth and lifestyle change Kahinda et al. 2007) argue that the problem of water scarcity exists everywhere in the world due to various needs such as agricultural and industrial products to satisfy living and non-living organisms around the world.
According to Schröter (2013), the demand for water is projected to increase due to increased population growth, economic growth and changing lifestyles driven by advanced individual developed wealth. As a result of history, due to the legacy of apartheid and the very unfair legacy of economic development, South Africa is the second most unequal country in the world (after Brazil) (Bond, 1999).
Research design and methodology
- Introduction
- Philosophical Grounding of the study
- Research Approach and Design
- Study population and sampling
- Data Collection
- Data analysis
- Ethical considerations
- Conclusion
Thus, the researcher used a constructive approach because the study followed a qualitative approach to collect data. The implication of social construction in this study allowed the researcher to listen and understand the world about water issues as the individuals in the community understand them. Kumar (2011) defines the study population as a group of people living in the same area in which the researcher selects the sample.
The researcher in the study chose the small representatives who were placed in two categories. The researcher chose this method because it enabled the researcher in the ongoing study to develop a dialogue between the researcher and the informant to gather valuable information about the respondent's views on the challenges of accessing water supply in Mbulwane. Furthermore, it enabled the researcher to feel that the data collected was genuine, honest and genuine in nature due to the face-to-face interaction with the participants.
Thus, this method is suitable for this study, as it enabled the researcher in the study to obtain all the information obtained and provide meaningful data about the evaluated subject. Finally, this approach to qualitative data analysis also allowed the researcher to eliminate research bias through the use of a document analysis worksheet (see Appendix B).
Research Findings and Discussions
- Introduction
- Research Participants
- Findings of the study
- Conclusion
The purpose of the first sub-question was to describe water supply and the current situation regarding the supply of water in Mbulwane area. Also describe the current situation of water supply in Mbulwane as well as sub question 2 the main challenges in water supply in Mbulwane area in the uMvoti municipality. The question asked aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of water supply in the study area.
This is also witnessed in response to the question of water provisioning challenges by another interviewee. In contrast to the above- mentioned findings in the year 2011, Kenya finds poor management of water supply as a major cause of water provisioning challenges (Gleick, 1998). This information helps the researcher to obtain detailed information about the challenges of water provisioning in Mbulwane area thus relevant to the study in that it makes objective number 3 to describe the challenges in water provision of the study to be realised.
The purpose of this sub-question is to describe the causes of water supply challenges in Mbulwane area in order to identify the possible solutions to the problem. Moreover, the country as a whole has a great concern in this issue of water supply (Debbané and Keil, 2004). The above information helps the researcher in the study to learn more about the causes of water supply so that a sustainable solution to the problem is addressed.
Thus, this discussion is relevant to the study since it addresses the second objective of the study, which describes the causes of water shortages.
Conclusion and Recommendation
- Introduction
- Conclusion
- Recommendations
- Chapter summary
Challenges of water supply - Water scarcity as the challenges of water supply in Mbulwane area. It was also found that women and children bear the burden of water scarcity, but the rural people are the most affected people in this issue. This discussion was thus relevant to the study because it addressed the second objective of the study: to describe the causes of water scarcity.
Droughts have also been reported as a major cause of water shortages due to seasonal and insufficient rainfall due to climate change. In order to solve the problem of water shortage, as women are a powerless people, it is exceptionally necessary to include them in the basic leadership. This study discussed the challenges of water supply in Mbulwane area of uMvoti Municipality and the research revealed that the water situation in Mbulwane area is very poor.
Causes and impact of water scarcity on households of Ga-Kgapane town in Limpopo province. Lessons from South Africa on water resources management and development for inclusive and sustainable growth.
