The area was chosen because of the rural communities that still live according to the traditional Zulu style. The current concern is to meet the needs of rural communities; extensive state assistance is required.
A CASE STUDY ON RURAL POLICY DEVELOPMENT
In this case, a special focus is on the government's involvement in housing the nation as this has been a major political promise and focus of the government. The vision of the proposed British policy has a wider scope than being limited to the most common.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
NA TURE OF THE PROBLEM
Therefore, addressing the issue of land ownership in the rural tribal areas can be the most important tool to implement a policy of rural housing. When looking specifically at rural housing policy, it has been said that rural areas are unique in many ways compared to urban areas.
OTHER OBSTACLES TOWARDS A SUCCESSFUL RURAL HOUSING POLICY
The current spatial distribution, where cities are very far away from rural areas, has been identified as one of the factors that have caused rural areas to fall behind. This hierarchy is not evident in South Africa, leading to rural areas becoming isolated from towns and cities.
RESEARCH SUBSIDIARY QUESTIONS
SCOPE OF RESEARCH
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Sources of Information
In addition, the researcher was confident that their answers would further define what their needs really are and how their areas should be developed. The researcher was considerate of ethical issues, especially with community members, as they were largely based on cultural values and could lead to unwarranted suspicions.
RELEVANCE OF THE STUDY
The questions asked were direct and indirect, depending on the type of information the researcher needed. The study is also considered important because it took into account some of the proposals related to housing development in rural areas.
REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL HOUSING POLICY
Another important point in this study is based on the convenience of conducting the survey. This is based on the belief that it is important to conduct research among your own people, ie.
INAPPLICABILITY OF THE EXISTING HOUSING POLICY IN RURAL AREAS
Rural areas are therefore not capable of job creation potential, affordability, leverage and the like (Internet information). Moreover, people in the rural areas are unable to get bridging finance to start their projects.
CHAPTER OUTLINE
CHAPTER TWO
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
- Introduction
THE RURAL-URBAN COMPARISON
Urban areas are characterized by population size, density potential, employment, social facilities and infrastructure services. They say that ordinary relationships in urban areas are transitory, impersonal, superficial and segmented.
THE TRIBAL SYSTEM
Regarding the land issue, the power to allocate land is given to the local headman, who designates the construction site and land for plowing. Under the KwaZulu General Law Amendment Act (KZGLA, 1989), the head of household must be subject to the regulations regarding the allocation of land to erect buildings that are separate and subdivide his houses.
TRIBAL AUTHORITIES: WHO ARE THEY?
The general information about traditional leaders includes the leaders commonly known as kings, chieftains and headmen (Keulder, 1998). In most if not all cases of traditional leaders; their leadership can be traced back to their ancestors.
THE CHIEF'S POWER AND AUTHORITY
Despite the situation where African traditions have been diluted by Western culture, traditional leaders are still engaged in their general duties, including leading tribal governments, preserving local culture, conducting ceremonies, practicing customary law and promoting the well-being of their communities. Keulder, 1998 p.25). According to Keulder, these leaders should be regarded as 'syncretistic', rather than as pure institutions (Keulder, 1998 p.25).
KINSHIP STRUCTURE IN THE TRIBAL AREAS (KWAZULU/NATAL)
There will now be an examination of marriage within the traditional societies as it has a particular contribution to land and housing issues. Gluckman in Radcliffe-Brown & Forde (1964), reports that the traditional Zulus have residual inheritance rights and this is one of the central beliefs.
TRIBAL AUTHORITIES AND THE GOVERNMENT
The fact is; the government and traditional leaders own and distribute land in different ways. The proposals made under the Integrated Rural Development White Paper also take into account the importance of a good working relationship between the government and traditional leaders.
PROBLEMS WITH RURAL SETTLEMENTS
Dewar (1994) defined what could be adopted as a strategy for housing development in rural areas. The Transkei experience has shown that many people are returning from the cities to the countryside.
LAWS ON LAND WITHIN THE TRIBAL AREAS
Housing is considered as one of the forms of development and this will be discussed in this study as well. After observing these difficulties, Bennet et al (1986) then suggested that “recording of title should be introduced along with some simple substantive laws to ensure who owns the land and how the owner can deal with it.
LAND TENURE SYSTEM
The form of title must preserve the residual rights of the community in its land and provide the owner with the necessary economic incentive to make better use of the land" (Bennet et al.1986: p. 215). Looking at previous experience of the country with As far as the land issue is concerned, there is much to be addressed.
LAND RIGHTS ON TRIBAL AREAS
The customary tenure, which is that which prevails in the tribal areas, will be discussed in the following chapter. However, it is important to indicate that the traditional land system may not exactly function as it did in the previous decade.
TRADITIONAL TENURE / 'KHONZA'
An example of this would be that the fee paid for the 'khonza', instead of being paid directly to the chief, is now paid at the magistrate's office. Payment for the site (khonza fee) is made in cattle or cash to the Tribal Authority's Trust account.
LEGISLATIVE ACT ON RURAL LAND: AN OVERVIEW
- Main Objectives of the Land Act
The size of the site also determines whether it should be processed by the Ingonyama Trust, especially if the site is large. These include the use of the website only for the purpose indicated on the application form, the right of the owner, which is not transferable, the cancellation of the p.T.a.
ROLE PLAYED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LAND AFFAIRS
Although the action of the Ministry of Lands is aimed at the benefit of the people, lack of consultation or negotiation with the traditional leaders has been noted and criticized. However, a document has been prepared that contains an approach through which the traditional leaders can help develop or modernize without renouncing their African culture/tradition.
HOUSING POLICY AND GENDER
The strategy adopted for an action does not acknowledge the powers of the traditional leaders, and what was their mode of land allocation. This strategy has been criticized on the grounds that "it forces the local traditional communities into the realm of legislation and politics" (Derlihy& Associates.
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES
This recognition is linked to the National Government's approval of the Rural Subsidy Mechanism (RSM) for housing. 34;Tribal land would be much better used as collateral for financing used for long-term investments for the benefit of the community, from which the revenue generated can be used to subsidize interest rates" (Derlihy & Associates).
AN INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT
The implication from this is that the entire tribal land of the people will be deprived. It can therefore be suggested that other options are identified that would not put community members at great risk of losing what little they have.
IS HOUSING RESEARCH A NECESSITY? : A LITERATURE REVIEW CASE STUDY
Their target areas included those that are part of this research; also make up the largest part of rural areas. Investigation of the needs of deep rural areas in relation to their access to and use of the state housing subsidy.
INTRODUCTION
- ROLE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS
- AGRIVILLAGES
- RURAL ARCHITECTURE
Basically, the formation of agricultural villages in rural areas is due to the fact that agriculture is one of the main sources of livelihood. A detailed analysis was made of the equipment that would be needed for the project.
MHINGAVILLE VILLAGE: A CASE STUDY ON RURAL HOUSING CONSTRAINTS
After the official opening, less than a third of the houses were actually occupied - About half of the houses and services were destroyed.
INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL FACTORS
IMPACT OF THE STRUCTURE OF A HOUSE
This may require the developer to even involve them in the planning of the project. One of the major problems with engaging the community is that it is time consuming.
IS RESEARCH THEREFORE A NECESSITY?
Another problem to keep in mind is that once people become aware of their rights, they are more likely to not settle for less without an argument. Nevertheless, community participation or involvement must be soberly understood in terms of what we label as 'the community'.
CHAPTER FOUR
- INTRODUCTION
- OVERVIEW OF THE CASE STUDY
- Why Oshwashwen i ? 1. Introduction
- OBSERVATIONAL DESCRIPTION
- Topography
- TRIBAL STRUCTURE
- FACILITIES AVAILABLE
- Schools
- Dondotha Village
- HOUSING STANDARDS
- POPULATION
- ACCESS TO LAND
- MAJOR CULTURAL BELIEFS IN THE AREA
- COMMUNITY FACILITIES AT OSHWASHWENI WARD
The table above shows the type of summit structures available in the Oshwashweni area. People who are outside the AbaThethwa tribe are allowed to live in the area.
CHAPTER FIVE: DATA ANALYSIS
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Due to the uncertainty identified among community members, the researcher decided to discontinue the use of the recorder. One of the important factors that the researcher was careful about was the influence of background and traditional beliefs.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
- Table 1: Gender
From the responses of subjects and from observation, it is clear that most of the well-built houses belong to those who are formally employed. It was also reported that some of the people in the area have well-built houses due to subsidies they receive from their service areas.
FORMATION OF COMMUNITY TRUSTS IN RURAL AREAS
About 88% of respondents reported that from their monthly or weekly income, they set aside some money to buy one or two construction materials, for example, buying a package of cement. In relation to the policy of rural housing, it will have to be considered as one of the possibilities towards the financing of rural housing.
HOUSING IN THE AREA
- The Process of Development
It has been reported that due to the road situation taxis cannot drive in the area as it is a built up dirt road. According to the chairman, the major role of the committee is to act as a mediator between the government and the community, i.e.
TASKS UNDERTAKEN IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING
Department of Housing is that in most cases it is difficult to identify the real preferences of the rural communities. It is said in a sense that it encourages the community to be a part of the.
TASKS UNDERTAKEN BY THE PROJECT MANAGERS
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION
Briefly, this model involves making a basic model of the area to be developed and what alternatives can be provided to the beneficiaries so that they can decide on the level of service. This situation is indicated by the overcrowding that was identified in most of the households.
RECOMMENDATIONS
For some women, the responsibility is on them because the man is unemployed but spends his time in the daily informal gatherings drinking beer. Final emphasis is on the adoption of strategies such as the exchangeable model for community participation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Lamont, T .1991. High-rise clusters in Soweto: views from a group of Low, SM and Chambers, E.
APPENDICES
INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE
The first part will be the questions that the community members will ask, including the authority structures available in the area. The second category of questions will be addressed to the Local Government officials who work with the area that is the case study.
PROVINCE OF KWAZULU - NATAL
PERMISSION TO OCCUpy
PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO
The debt of the holder in or against the grant is not liable for any debt other than a debt due in terms of a duly registered bond or a debt owed to the principal body which has established administrative control over the land. Any or all of the rights of the holder in or to the award may be suspended by the Go\'e:-:unent or Trust or such rights may be terminated by the Government or Trust whenever in its opinion -. a) such rights were wrongly granted,.
PROVINCE OF KWAZULU·NATAL
REGULATION 4{c)(i)
KWAZULU LAND AFFAIRS (PER~JSSION TO OCCUpy) REGULATIONS, 1994 AS AMENDED
ANNEXURE C
KWAZULU LAND AFFAIRS (PERMISSION TO OCCUpy) REGULATIONS, 1994 AS AMENDED
SKETCH
- Source of the authority
- Kwazulu Land Affairs Act N011 of 1992
- Permission to occupy Regulations derived from the Act
- Resolution No 4 of 5 October 1998 of the Ingonyama Trust Board
- Procedure for obtaining a P.T.0
- The application now goes to the Department of Traditional and Environmental Affairs
- The Department goes through application and check if there is any additional particulars/clarity that may be required before
- Tourism is seen as a business venture like shopping centres etc and it is the opinion of the Department that unless the developer can
- The developer will be forced to develop the site as soon as possible before the approval expires
- The developer will not pay rental for the site within the 24 months period of the approval in principle until a
- In drawing up a lease agreement there are certain principles of law and formalities Which must be borne in mind
- Because the department does not have the capacity to draw up the leases it has always asked the developer to do so and to bring the
- The document is discussed with the developer or the consultants representing the developer"" Until the Department reaches an
- How can a comlllUntty identify suitable 12nd?
- Who qualifies for a subsidy?
- How can you design and cost your Q\vn houses? I
Capital - what capital has been allocated to the project/how. the estimated cost of the project. If the site size is more than 5 hectares or the project is over R500, the OOO Department prepares a memorandum for the Ingonyama Trust Board to consider the application.
