Mina, Florence Bongiwe Mthethwa, ngiyafunga ngiyagomela ukuthi lolu hlelo locwaningo olunesihloko esithi: "UCWANINGO LWEKUTHUTHUKISWA ULIMI LWESIZULU NGESAKHIWO SOKUHUMUSHA", iphrojekthi eqhamuka ngokucabanga kwami kanye nohlelo lwalo lokuhlela, ngizihlelile. ngokusekelwe embonweni wami. Kucace bha ukuthi iBhodi Yezilimi YaseNingizimu Afrika (i-PanSALB) kanye nabacubunguli bezilimi badinga ukuthatha isinyathelo esikhulu.
ISETHULO SOCWANINGO
Isingeniso
Njengoba ulimi lwesiZulu lwalunganakiwe ngaphambi kuka-1994, sizozama ukuthola ukuthi lwathuthukiswa kangakanani kulezi zindawo ngocwaningo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokungahumushi imibhalo yesiNgisi noma uthole ukuthi kunezilimi ezimbili ezisebenzayo, isiNgisi nesiBhunu kuphela, kodwa indawo isetshenziswa abantu abamnyama.
Ingqinamba yocwaningo
Intshisekelo yocwaningo
Izinhloso zocwaningo
Indlela yokuqhuba ucwaningo
Isigaba sesi-6 (3) no-4 ziqukethwe ezinhlinzekweni eziphathelene nezilimi zikahulumeni kazwelonke kanye nohulumeni wezifunda, lapho iminyango kahulumeni kufanele isebenzise okungenani izilimi ezimbili ezisemthethweni. Isigaba sesi-9 (3) sivikela ukucwaswa okusekelwe olimini, kuyilapho izigaba 30 no-31 (1) zikhuluma ngamalungelo abantu mayelana namasiko, inkolo nokubamba iqhaza olimini nokuzijabulisa. Isigaba 35 (3) sikhuluma ngamalungelo olimi abantu ababoshiwe, ababoshiwe futhi abasoleka ngokuthile, kugcizelela kakhulu ilungelo lokugwetshwa ngaphandle kokubandlululwa kanye nenqubo eyenziwa ngayo noma ehunyushwa ngolimi oluthandwa yilelo. umuntu.
Isiphetho
UMLANDO NGOKUBUYEKEZWA KOHLELO LWEZILIMI ENINGIZIMU AFRIKA
Isingeniso
Imigomo
Okulindeleke kubahumushi notolika
Umthetho wesikhashana we-1993
Ukusatshalaliswa kolimi olusha eNingizimu Afrika
Inqubomgomo entsha yolimi
Ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zomehluko yilezo zenqubomgomo yamalungelo yokuthi zonke izilimi ziyalingana (ngaphandle kobandlululo), esithola kumthethosisekelo wonyaka ka-1996 kunqubomgomo yokulingana igxile esidingweni sazo zonke izilimi ukuthi zazisesimweni esingesihle sokuphathwa ngokulinganayo nabanye okufanele zisetshenziswe. Kuleli qophelo, kubalulekile ukunaka uMthethosisekelo wonyaka ka-1996 ozosiza ekubumbeni umgomo wolimi, ozogcina usuyinqubomgomo futhi ube umthetho owengeziwe ozokwaziwa ngolimi.
Izinhlelo zolimi kuMthethosisekelo wonyaka we-1996
Nakuba uMthethosisekelo wonyaka ka-1996 wasuka kumgomo wokulingana ngokwezilimi, umgomo woMthethosisekelo Wesikhashana wonyaka we-1993 ungowobandlululo, lokhu akusho ukuthi sekuwukuphela kwendlela abahlaziyi bezilimi.
Ulimi olwengeziwe olusemthethweni
Isigaba sesi-3 (a) (i) - (vi) soMthetho we-PanSALB (uMthetho No. 59 ka-1993) siqukethe izinhlinzeko zale migomo kuMthethosisekelo Wesikhashana, okuhlanganisa nohlelo lokutolika. Owokuqala nguMthetho Webhodi Lezilimi eNingizimu Afrika (uMthetho wama-59 we-1995), owesibili uMthethosisekelo Wezemfundo Kazwelonke (uMthetho wama-27 we-1996) kanti owesithathu uMthetho Wezemfundo Ephakeme (uMthetho we-101 we-1997). Isigaba sesi-3 soMthetho weBhodi leziLimi zaseNingizimu Afrika sigcizelela ukuthi ibhodi kufanele likhuthaze ubuliminingi, libhekele ukuthuthukiswa kolimi lwaseNingizimu Afrika futhi libe ngumholi wezinhlelo zomthethosisekelo zokuhlonipha ulimi.
Isigaba 6 somthethosisekelo wonyaka we-1996, lapho kwasungulwa khona izinhlelo zomthethosisekelo ngaphansi kwesigaba 143, benza uhlelo lokusungula inqubomgomo yolimi ezifundazweni eziyisishiyagalolunye. UMthetho Wezilimi ZaseGauteng unqume ukwenza uhlelo lokusebenzisa izilimi ezine ezisemthethweni, okuyilezi: isiPedi, isiZulu, isiBhunu nesiNgisi.
Izinhlaka ezihlela Ulimi (Language Planning Agents)
UMthethosivivinywa Wamalungelo AseMpumalanga Kapa uphasise isimemezelo sokuthi izilimi ezintathu ezisemthethweni kufanele zisetshenziselwe izinjongo zikahulumeni, okuyilezi: isiXhosa, isiBhunu nesiNgisi. Lo msebenzi uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu, yilezi: Isevisi Yokuhlela Ulimi, Isevisi Yamagama kanye Nenkonzo Yokuhumusha (DACST. Inkonzo Yenkonzo Yolimi umsebenzi wayo kwakuwukuphatha Umsebenzi Weqembu Lokuhlela Ulimi (olubizwa ngokuthi IQembu Lokusebenza Lokuhlela Ulimi (LANGTAG)) elaqala ukusebenza. ngenyanga kaLwezi (November) ka-1995 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ulimi lwesizwe lwaseNingizimu Afrika.
Isevisi yokuhumusha iphinde ibe nesibopho sokuphoqelela inqubomgomo njengoba inesibopho sokuhumusha imibhalo esemthethweni noma izilimi zakwamanye amazwe. Uhulumeni wesifundazwe ngamunye unomqondisi wolimi omisebenzi yakhe icishe ifane neyenziwa uphiko lwezeLimi lukaZwelonke.
Ukusebenzisa ulimi
Le nhloso ivela ngamagama amaningi kuMthethosisekelo Wesikhashana ka-1993 esigabeni 3(9), owagcina ususiwe kuMthethosisekelo ka-1996. Isiphetho sawo siwukuthi kumele kwamukelwe isu lenqubomgomo yolimi ukuze kuzuzwe izinsiza zomphakathi ezisebenza ngezilimi eziningi.
Ulimi olusha lwezombusazwe
Okungagwemeki wukuthi uma siqhathanisa indlela yoguquko eNingizimu Afrika, okuyindlela uhulumeni wabamnyama owathatha ngayo uhulumeni esikhundleni sikaHulumeni wabamhlophe, nalapho eminyakeni embalwa edlule uhulumeni wawuphethwe ama-Afrika. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadumaza ukuthi izilimi zaboMdabu kufanele zibonwe njengezisemthethweni kulolu hlelo olusha lwezepolitiki futhi abaphathi bezilimi bahlose ukuphakamisa izinga lolimi futhi basebenzise lezi zilimi futhi.
Amalungelo olimi ngokuqondiswa nguMthethosisekelo
Ukuhumusha (Translation)
Ukuhumusha kuchazwa njengokuxhumana okujulile, okuhlukile ekuxhumaneni okuvamile: okhuluma naye uthola umlayezo ngolunye ulimi ngesikhathi esifushane futhi kufanele awudlulisele kolunye ulimi, njengokungathi uyawamukela futhi ungumkhiqizi. Ngokubona kwami, ukuhumusha kusho ukubhala into isuka kolunye ulimi uyiyise olimini olwaziwa ngumuntu oyibhalayo.
Umehluko phakathi kokuhumusha nokutolika
As a more complicated communication structure than a ''normal'' intralinguistic act of communication: the mediating agent that has to reproduce a source language message in the receptor language is both receptor (of the original message) and source (of the new message). ). A word needs to be said about how the role of the interpreter differs from that of a translator. Both are of course committed to the goal of providing intelligible communication as if no language barrier existed.
Translators, on the other hand, have the comparative luxury of writing and rewriting sentences or sections until the translated meaning is as close to the original as possible. Some also acquired extensive libraries of reference books, dictionaries, and other materials to help them understand the original and develop the best equivalent in another language. Translators attempt to express the written thoughts of others in the most accurate and appropriate equivalent terms available, interpreters are expected to be absolutely literal - instantaneous without any embellishment, omission or editing.
Abanye abahumushi badinga umtapo wolwazi ukuze bathole izichazamazwi, ezinye izincwadi ezizobasiza babeke kahle into abayihumushayo kolunye ulimi. Abahumushi bayakwazi ukuliveza ngendlela yabo lapho bebhala, kodwa abahumushi kumelwe basho okuthile njengoba kushiwo ngumuntu okhulumayo ngaphandle kokweqa ngisho nohlamvu olulodwa.
Izinkomba zokuhumusha nokutolika
U-O'Barr uthi umqondo owodwa olula, lapho ukhulunywa abantu abane abahlukene, udlulisela imiqondo ebalulekile noma ulwazi ngesikhulumi ngasinye. Uma le mibono iphumelela, imboni yokuhumusha nokutolika eNingizimu Afrika izothola isikhathi sentuthuko enkulu.
Ukuhumusha nokutolika kuNingizimu Afrika entsha
Ingxoxo yokuhumusha nokutolika
- Umhlangano wamazwe aphesheya aphathelene nezindlela zeNtando yeningi ekuhleleni nasekulungiseni ulimi (12-14 September 1991)
- Umhlangano we-South African Translators' Institute (SATI) wokuqeqesha abahumushi baseNingizimu Afrika (1992)
- Ukuzungeza itafula: Ushintsho kuyiNdlela yokuHumusha (1992)
- Ukuqeqesha abahumushi notolika: imithetho emisha (1993)
- Umhlangano wokuhumusha nokutolika (1997)
- Umhlangano ngokutolikela umphakathi (1997)
Yayihlelwe uMnyango Wezilimi e-UNISA ngendikimba ethi: "Ushintsho yindlela yokuhumusha." Ngalolu suku, i-SATI ikhiqize incwadi yokuhlola ebizwa ngokuthi: "Southern African bibliography of translation, interpreting, lexicography and terminology", eyabe yashicilelwa ngu-Alet Kruger wase-UNISA (cf. le ngxoxo yadalwa ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu somnyango sokuthi ukushintsha inkambo ukufaka izidingo zalabo ababecwaswa eNingizimu Afrika yentando yeningi (Kruger, 1994:vii) NgoNdasa 1993, ngemva kwengxoxo yetafula eliyindilinga, uMnyango Wezilimi e-UNISA wahlela umhlangano wamazwe ngamazwe ngesiqubulo esithi: “Ukuqeqesha abahumushi kanye abahumushi: imithetho emisha".
Inhloso yale ngqungquthela bekuwukuhlangabezana nezidingo zalezo zinhlangano ezibambe iqhaza ekuqeqesheni abahumushi nabahumushi eNingizimu Afrika. UMnyango Wezobuciko Namasiko kaHulumeni WesiFundazwe SaseMpumalanga Kapa ubambe umhlangano wokuhumusha nokutolika mhla ziyisi-6 kanye no-7 kuNhlolanja 1997, okwakungowokuqala kunoma yimuphi uhulumeni wesifundazwe ukubhekana nalolu daba. Okwakuthakazelisa ukuthi kwakunabameleli abaningi ababekhuluma izilimi zaboMdabu kunangaphambili, futhi kwakugxilwe enkingeni yokuhumusha nokuhumusha izilimi zaboMdabu.
UHlelo Lokufundisa Ulimi, manje olwaziwa ngokuthi "Uphiko Lokuqondisa Nokunika Amandla Olimi", lwabamba umhlangano wokuqala waseNingizimu Afrika wokutolika ngokuXhumanisa mhla ziyisi-6-7 kuMfumfu 1997 e-Bloemfontein.
Imibhalo esihunyushiwe
Kubandakanya izilimi ezigunyazwe yiBhodi Yezilimi YaseNingizimu Afrika (i-PanSALB) kanye noMkhandlu Wokuqinisekisa Izitifiketi waseNingizimu Afrika (SAFCERT) njengolimi olusetshenziswa abangaboni (Braille) kanye noLimi Lwezandla lwaseNingizimu Afrika olusetshenziswa abangezwa nezimungulu.
Isiphetho
Isingeniso
Abahleli abasiza ukuthuthukisa uLimi lwesiZulu
Lo mhlangano obizwa ngokuthi "National Language Project - NLP" kufanele uthathwe njengomhlangano obaluleke kakhulu wokuhumusha nokutolika obanjwe ngesikhathi soshintsho.
Umhlangano omayelana noMthetho womsebenzi wokuhumusha nokutolika eNingizimu Afrika
Umsebenzi womgqugquzeli wolimi ukwenza ulwazi ludlulele kumphakathi
Lona akuwona kuphela umthetho owakhishwa iphalamende ngesikhathi sikahulumeni odlule owawubhalwe ngezilimi ezimbili zaseYurophu, kodwa kwabhalwa iqoqo lamagama, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezikhulumi zomdabu zidinga usizo lomuntu onolwazi oluthe xaxa ukuze aqonde incazelo yale mibhalo. .
Ilungelo lomuntu olimini
Mababambe iqhaza empilweni yesiko abazikhethele lona, kodwa akekho osebenzisa la malungelo oyojeziswa ngenxa yelungelo lokusebenzisa ulimi namasiko azikhethele wona.
Inselelo ebhekene nobuliminingi
Ukubeka ezingeni
Abazogcina besebenzise umbhalo bazoxuba amalungu ezolimo ngokuzwana nabantu abazosebenzisa leyo mibhalo ehunyushiwe ukuqeqesha la malungu. Isibonelo: Ukuze uhumushe imibhalo ehlobene nezempilo, umcubunguli wolimi ubhala amagama ngolimi abahumushela kulo. Isibonelo, abahlaziyi bolimi abahumushi kanyekanye imibhalo, kodwa bathuthukisa futhi bahumushe ulimi ngokucwaninga ngokusetshenziswa kwamanye amagama nemisho.
Ngokufanayo, isibonelo, inqubo efanele yokubhekana nokushona kwelungu lomndeni lapho amalungu omndeni engazi lutho. Kuze kube yilapho umuntu eshona ngenxa yokugula lapho amalungu omndeni avele amngcwabe ngaphandle kokubhalisa ukufa kwakhe. Umdidiyeli wolimi obamba iqhaza ekuhunyushweni kwemibhalo esemthethweni kubaluleke kakhulu ukuguqula izinto eziningi ezenzeka eNingizimu Afrika (Dlamini.
Isiphetho
ULWAZI OLUCOTSHELELWE KUBANTU NASEZIKHUNGWENI EZAHLUKENE
Isingeniso
Izitolo ezidayisa impahla enhlobonhlobo
Njengoba nje besebenzisa igama elithi “isinkwa” esikhundleni sokuthi “inkowa”, igama elithi “shintsha” esikhundleni sokuthi “shintsha”, igama. Kucace bha ukuthi izitolo ezidayisa izimpahla ezahlukene aziwulandeli uMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika, uMthetho ongunombolo 108 ka-1996 othi zonke izilimi kumele zisebenze ngokulingana.
Imitholampilo
Uma bekhuluma ngekhadi lokugoma baphinde bachaze ngesiZulu bethi "Ikhadi Lokugoma". Uma umcwaningi ebuza ukuthi yiluphi ulimi abalusebenzisayo bathi basebenzisa ulimi olusetshenziswa abantu bakuleyo ndawo. Baqhube bathi njengoba bezama ukuhumushela olimini lwesiNgisi esiZulwini, yingoba abantu bakule ndawo basebenzisa isiNgisi nesiZulu.
Izibhedlela
Iziteshi zamaphoyisa
Amabhange
Ezenhlalakahle
Ukuphunyeleliswa kobuliminingi koMasipala
Isigaba sesi-6 (3) (b) soMthethosisekelo omusha sithi omasipala bagunyaziwe ukusebenzisa ulimi olulodwa noma ngaphezulu kwalolo olusemthethweni ngendlela ababona kufanele ngayo endaweni abahlala kuyo.
Imibuzo yesiKhungo ngasinye
Izitolo ezidayisa impahla enhlobonhlobo
Imitholampilo
- Umtholampilo waseMtubatuba
- UMtholampilo wakwaMsane
Izibhedlela
- Isibhedlela sakwaHlabisa
- Isibhedlela saseRichards Bay
Iziteshi zamaphoyisa
- Isiteshi samaphoyisa saseMtubatuba
- Isiteshi samaphoyisa saseRichards Bay
Amabhange
- Ibhange laseThala
- Ibhange laseFirst National
- Ibhange laseStandard
- Ibhange lase-ABSA
Ezenhlalakahle
Ukuphunyeleliswa kobuliminingi koMasipala
- UMasipala waseMhlathuze
- UMasipala waseMtubatuba
- UMasipala wakwaMbonambi
- UMasipala wasoThungulu
- UMasipala waseMkhanyakude
Isiphetho
Ngenxa yokuntula kwabo ulwazi, uthi uyazibuza ngepolitiki yolimi.
ISIHLAZIYO SOCWANINGO
Isingeniso
Isihlaziyo ngokwezahluko
Umlando wocwaningo
Inkinga enkulu ukuthi imibhalo ibhalwe ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa abantu abaMnyama ngolimi lwesiNgisi, noma ngolimi lwesiBhunu. Ongoti bolimi kumele bahlole ingqalasizinda yokuhumushela umbhalo kolunye ulimi, ukuhumusha kanye nokulungisa amaphutha emibhalweni, abonakala entuleka.
Umlando wokubuyekezwa kohlelo lwezilimi eNingizimu Afrika
Kuzwelonke, kunezinhlaka ezimbili ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kolimi: Ibhodi Lezilimi LaseNingizimu Afrika (i-PanSALB) kanye Nophiko Lwemisebenzi Yezilimi Kazwelonke, ezifushanisiwe njenge-NLS. Phambilini ibiyaziwa ngele (The State Language Service), eyangena ngaphansi koMnyango Wezobuciko, Amasiko, Ulwazi Nobuchwepheshe.
Iqhaza lezinhlangano ezahlukene zolimi ekuthuthukiseni ulimi lwesiZulu
Ngokuhambisana neSigaba 6 (2) soMthethosisekelo waseNingizimu Afrika, uMbutho Wezilimi Kazwelonke, ngokuhumusha, ukhuphula izinga futhi andise ukusetshenziswa kwalezo zilimi ebezincishwe amathuba phambilini.
Isihlaziyo ngokwamathebula
- Izitolo
- Imitholampilo
- Izibhedlela
- Iziteshi zamaphoyisa
- Amabhange
- Ezenhlalakahle
- OMasipala
Mhlathuze kommune eRichards Bay, Mtubatuba kommune, Mbonambi kommune kwaMbonambi, uThungulu kommune eRichards Bay kanye noMkhanyakude kommune eMkhuze.
Ukwenaba ngezibalo ezingumphumela wocwaningo
- Okuvunjululwe ucwaningo ngezitolo
- Okuvunjululwe ucwaningo ngemitholampilo
- Okuvunjululwe Ucwaningo ngezibhedlela
- Okuvunjululwe ucwaningo ngeziteshi zamaphoyisa
- Okuvunjululwe ucwaningo ngamabhange
- Okuvunjululwe ucwaningo ngezenhlakahle
- Okuvunjululwe ucwaningo ngoMasipala
Esitolo esidayisa impahla umcwaningi uthe udonswe yigama elibhalwe ngesiNgisi elithi: “Sales. Uma kwenziwa ucwaningo ukuze kutholwe ukuthi yiluphi ulimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu, umtholampilo owodwa kwemibili usebenzisa isiZulu. Umbuzo wesibili ubuze ukuthi ngabe yiluphi ulimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu kunomgomo wolimi kula mabhange, ngokwezibalo amabhange amane akanawo umgomo wolimi.
Abacwaningi bolimi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi imibhalo esefayilini ibhalwe ngazo zonke izilimi ezidingekayo kubantu ababehlala kuleyo ndawo.
Izincomo
Isiphetho
UMkhandlu weziLimi waseNingizimu Afrika kumele uhlole izincwadi zesiZulu, amaphepha okuhlola esiZulu abhalwe yizingane ngaphambi kokuba anikezwe izingane.
AMABHUKU AFUNDIWE
LANGTAG, 1996: Overview, recommendations and executive summary from the final report of the language plan task group. Draft document on the regulation of the translation and interpreting profession in South Africa .Pretoria : PANSALB.
ABANTU ABAPHENDULE IMIBUZO BUKHOMA
