This research focuses on forensic laboratories within the processes of crime investigation and complicity. Chapter five provides a thematic analysis and a discussion of the findings from the research's secondary data.
Murder
The death of the victim whose body parts were harvested for the purpose of making muti. The death of the victim is the result of excessive bleeding from injury and not a murder, as previously defined.
Rape
Many murders may have a psychological disorder, therefore committing murder gives them a sense of relief, satisfaction or pleasure. 9 attachment to his mother during childhood or constantly annoyed by women; wanting to feel a sense of power, because the rapist doubts his masculinity and feels that it must be proven by committing rape; or to take revenge by inflicting pain and cruelty on their victims, as it gives them a sense of relief and pleasure.
Criminology
Criminologist
10 Ideally, there should be a criminologist in every police station to assist in the investigation of crime and the planning and implementation of various innovative crime prevention strategies. The term criminologist, although sometimes used interchangeably, should not be confused with the term investigator.
Investigator
Criminal investigation
A series of tests are carried out to help prove whether a person has been involved in a crime, for example a rape victim's semen sample will be analyzed and compared to a suspect's sample, once the tests are done and the results are analyzed and verified, presented to a judge in court where a sentence is imposed on an offender who has been found guilty of the crime under investigation (Chamelin et al, 2012).
Forensic investigation
Forensic science
Forensic laboratories
Awaiting trial prisoner
13 Suspects awaiting sentencing also help to reduce the possible repetition of a crime, for example in cases of serial murder or serial rape. It is important to remember that a pending trial prisoner or detainee has not yet been proven guilty or innocent, nor has he or she been sentenced yet.
Offender
Bail
Parole
14 conditions to be complied with by the offender, such as displaying good behaviour, showing remorse, wanting to improve by participating in activities at correctional centres, such as learning or skills development courses that the institution may offer.
Correctional center
Background of the Research
Some cases, which have not yet been investigated, will be reconsidered once outstanding issues have been resolved, for example when more evidence has been collected or when testing and analysis of relevant evidence has been completed. After such a long period of time, the integrity of the evidence may be questionable because some sources of evidence, such as bodily fluids, e.g.
The Research Problem
Will the establishment of more forensic laboratories speed up investigative processes, resulting in faster investigation and closure of criminal cases. Will the population of the currently overcrowded correctional facilities be significantly reduced by the establishment of more forensic laboratories in South Africa.
Objectives of the Research
Will more forensic labs mean offenders are convicted more quickly, possibly deterring future offenders from committing crimes due to an efficient system. 19 more forensic laboratories could be beneficial to society and the criminal justice system as a whole.
Methodology of the Research
The results of the study will be discussed in chapter five of this research in the form of a thematic analysis. Although humans have not been used as a source of data collection for this research, there are still ethical considerations to be taken into account, these, as well as ways to overcome these challenges, will also be discussed in chapter four of this research.
Conclusion
There are many objectives of this research, which have been discussed and relevant research questions have been asked, which will be answered in the fourth chapter. This research takes the form of a desktop research, which will be further elaborated in chapter four.
A Review of the Literature on Forensic Laboratories
Introduction
The History and Development of Forensic Science
24 is defined as "the practical application of science to matters of law." Forensic refers to the law or the judiciary. According to Anonymous on the website forensic-medecine.info (2016), forensic medicine or forensic science is "the application of scientific methods and principles to answer legal questions for legal purposes" (Anonymous, 2016a).
Categories of Forensic Science
27 fingerprints may need to be analyzed to try to find a possible match with those of the prints taken from the crime scene. In many cases, a forensic animator uses animation and computer-aided design software to assist in crime scene reconstruction.
International Dimensions of Forensic Laboratories
30 Fingerprints are “ridges on the upper skin of people's hands and feet.” Fingerprints are used for a variety of reasons, such as identifying unknown victims, witnesses, verifying data and linking a suspect to a crime scene. Many countries, such as the United States of America, Canada, the United Kingdom and South Africa, have introduced an Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) that keeps track of the fingerprints of all citizens. It is used for many purposes such as criminal identification, conducting background checks, and verifying the identity of individuals (forensic medicine, 2016).
Forensic Laboratories in South Africa
According to Weber (2016), forensic science laboratories apply scientific principles, methods and techniques to the process of crime investigation. According to Hennop (2009) in Luke & Van Der Walt (2011), “The Forensic Science Laboratory has seven storage areas with shelving and a centralized air conditioning system that regulates the environment.
Functioning of the Criminal Justice System in South Africa
The laboratory's achievements are always appreciated by the relevant investigators, the courts and the community. In February 1998, the Mulweli Consortium was tasked with investigating and reporting on the operation and reform of the criminal justice system.
Challenges Currently Faced by the Criminal Justice System of SA
The unavailability of the funds needed to carry out investigations results in court dates being repeatedly moved to accommodate the backlog of cases that remain to be investigated and which the criminal justice system currently faces. The responsibility to eliminate offenders is the responsibility of society as a whole and not just of re-education homes.
Conclusion
This figure consisted of 115,753 convicted offenders and 49,477 pending arrests." "In March 2009, correctional facilities were a staggering 44% overcrowded." Possible reasons for this overcrowding include the implementation of stricter bail conditions, the imposition of non-parole sentences and a longer waiting time before an offender can be eligible for parole. In South Africa, there are 239 correctional centers nationwide, which were classified into one of four categories, as previously mentioned, unit management centers, private correctional centers, super maximum correctional centers and centers of excellence (Booyens, 2011, p. 83).
Paradigms and Theoretical Framework of the Research
- Introduction
- Paradigm of the Research
- Theoretical Framework of the Research
- The Classical School of Criminology
- Deterrence Theory
- Locard’s Exchange Principle
- Conclusion
There are various examples of using Locard's principle to infer what may have happened at a crime scene. 57 discussed the research paradigm, followed by a discussion of the Classical School of Criminology, Deterrence Theory, and Locard's Exchange Principle.
Research Design and Methodology of the Research
- Introduction
- Research Methodology of the Study
- Sample of the Study
- Analysis of the findings of the Secondary Data
- Limitations of the Research
- Ethical Considerations of the Research
- Conclusion
Therefore, it may be necessary to refer to other sources to collect data for the survey. Exaggerating information may give a false impression of the data collected.
Discussions of the Research
Introduction
Statistics of Crime in South Africa
In many cases, cases of crime reported to the police are not pursued or investigated further due to lack of resources. It should be noted that these statistics only reflect the number of incidents of crime that have been reported to the SAPS.
Murder
While there appears to have been an increase in the number of reported cases of murder over the past five years, in South Africa there has been a decrease in the number of reported cases of sexual crimes over the past five years. 73 Figure 2: Number of reported cases of sexual crimes that have taken place over the past five years in South Africa.
Sexual offences
Rape
Thematic Analysis and Discussion of the Findings from the Secondary Data
76 There appears to be a major shortage of forensic laboratories in South Africa, as well as internationally (Anonymous, 2016a; Omar, 2008a; Weber, 2016). Forensic laboratories are publicly owned, usually by law enforcement agencies such as the SAPS in South Africa.
The Roles of Forensic Laboratories in South Africa
People expect maximum results with minimal input because that's what they've been led to believe goes on in forensic labs since they've been exposed to it that way in the media. In South Africa, the role of forensic laboratories is "to apply scientific methods, principles and techniques to assist in the investigation and resolution of crimes that have been committed".
The Relevance of Forensic Laboratories in South Africa
The personnel currently employed in forensic laboratories must undergo ongoing training and development programs as technology, equipment and trends are constantly changing. Therefore, it is important to be informed at all times in order to provide the best possible service and to always guarantee the reliability and validity of test results and analyzes (Omar, 2008a). The relevance of forensic laboratories is ideally to conduct relevant tests and investigations as quickly as possible to speed up the process of an investigation within the criminal justice system.
The Effect of the Presence of More Forensic Laboratories on Service Delivery
85 and in the case of backlogs, forensic laboratories should be able to assist each other in the settlement of cases to be analyzed. Forensic laboratories will also be able to cross-check each other to eliminate bias and reduce the rate of inaccurate results being obtained.
The Effect of the Presence of More Forensic Laboratories on the Investigative Process
The IPU is also responsible for providing training and refresher courses for SAPS members. The IPU and forensic laboratories working together can be mutually beneficial in solving and fighting crime in South Africa, as well as in the scale of service delivery and the investigative process.
The Effect of the Presence of More Forensic Laboratories on the Population of Correctional Centres
The effect of the presence of multiple forensic laboratories on the correctional facility population. When correctional facilities are overcrowded, offenders are usually housed in any part of the facility that has space or a bed available or can be added.
Conclusion
Major reasons for sexual assault within correctional centers include waiting for adjudicated offenders sharing cells with long-term offenders, and housing juvenile offenders with adult offenders due to a lack of space. As the number of detention centers decreases, it will become easier for officials to reclassify and rehabilitate offenders so that they can hopefully return to better lives sooner than expected and be reintegrated into society as better citizens when they are eventually recovered. released from correctional centers.
A Conclusion of the Research
- Introduction
- Objectives Relative to the Research
- Conclusions Drawn From the Secondary Data
- The Improvement of the State of Forensic Laboratories in South Africa
- Recommendations
- Recommendations for Future Consideration
- Recommendations for Practitioners
- Recommendations for Research
- Conclusion
Forensic laboratories in South Africa have state-of-the-art equipment and modern technology. According to Witten (2016), this laboratory is one of the most advanced police forensic laboratories in the country.
Wrongful convictions and forensic science: the need to regulate crime laboratories. 2010) Criminal Investigation (Eighth Edition) Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall The South African Green Paper on Policing. Springer science + business media, Inc. Attitudes of the Masses and Elites towards the Criminal Justice System in South Africa: How Congruent.
Website references
Behind the bars of masculinity: male rape and homophobia in and around South African men's prisons.
