The contribution of the Boers and the British to the dispute over Barolong land is outlined. This time in 1852, however, the British allowed the Boers to stay in Barolong's land and make it theirs without British interference.
Approach to this study
This school wanted to rescue history from the paradigmatic confusion created by different schools of thought in South Africa. In fact, it is true that African scholars in South Africa have not yet claimed their rightful place in South African historiography.
Methodology: Collection and analysis of sources
Documents including the War Office (War Office 1905) and the Report of the Commissioner of Native Affairs (Transvaal Native Affairs Department (TNAD), 1905) collected from the archives dealt with the origins and genealogies of the Barolongs and were based on oral tradition. These documents were produced in 1905 and are related to the Barolong oral tradition.
Literature review
In his book, Mhudi, he deals with the destruction of the Barolong kingdom by the AmaNdebele and the Boer on the high field. This book is general and it is not clear which parts of the Barolong Picture it refers to.
The Pre-colonial and “Colonial” period up to 1895
According to Brown, the Barolong were an offshoot of the Bahurutshe who were "the primary branch" of the entire Batswana. According to Parsons, the most powerful and famous rulers of the Barolong were Thibela and his son Tau, who.
Migration, Polarization and Chiefdom formation
They left with Seleka and went to Thabeng around 1777 to avoid conflict with other parts of the Barolong. The last part of the Barolong was the Rapulana led by its founder, Rapulana.
The causes of Ratshidi–Rapulana conflict, 1852-1895
Other parts of the Barolong, such as the Rapulana, Ratlou and Ratshidi joined the Seleka at Platberg. The Boers favored the breakdown of the Barolong kingdom into four independent chiefdoms, creating competition for land.
What were the rationale and the Impact of the Boers migration Into Bechuanaland?
Burgers gave Montshiwa a letter stating that the land of the Barolong had been given to the Boers by Moshete, the. It is therefore true that the division of the Barolong, the British and the Boers contributed in varying degrees to the Barolong War (Sillery, 1971:41).
Barolong le Barolong ba befetšwe gomme ba tšea sephetho sa go kgoboketša Gaseitsiwe wa Bangwaketse le Sechele wa Bakwena kgahlanong le Maburu. British Bechuanaland e hlotšwe ka 1885 gomme ya fiwa matla a taolo godimo ga Molopo le Setlagole Reserves.
The Barolong and the Siege of Mafikeng, 1899 t0 1900
Moreover, these historians have nothing about the consequences of the siege for relations between Ratshidi and Rapulana. The Ratshidi performed both combatant and non-combatant duties at the beginning of the siege. The Barolong were willing to kill each other because of the iron curtain erected by the Boers and the British.
The Nature of the participation of the Barolong
He asked them to join the fight on the side of the British government to protect their land from the Boers taking over. Even at the end of the siege, the Barolongs were not given money for reconstruction, but money was given to the Boers. This letter to the Boers actually justified Ratshid's armed involvement in the war.
Cattle raiding expeditions
This put the Ratshidi and the Rapulana in a better position to deceive the British and the Boers. But they and all historians excluded the raiding cattle and sheep from the daily rations of the Ratshidi. The British got enough meat from the cattle captured by the Ratshidi and it was therefore fundamentally flawed to subtract the poached cattle of the Barolong from the food equation.
The Impact of the Siege on the Barolong
It was unfair on the part of the Barolongs to be punished for a crime they did not commit. The biggest drink of the ration was given to the British garrison at the expense of the real breadwinners, the Barolong. This was indeed an insult to the traditional Barolong fabric and this had shown another effect of British jingoism in Mafikeng.
The evacuation to Kanye
However, in February 1900, fever and other illnesses began to appear in Stadt. A large number of Africans had left the Stad for Kanye and others left every day because the food was placed there. All thirteen women managed to reach Kanye safely and this encouraged the others to move and eventually "all" the Barolong women fled to Kanye.
Lotlhakane to capture Motuba for working with the Boers on behalf of the Rapulana in Lotlhakane. The Rapulana were charged with killing the Ratshidi people, helping the Boers with intelligence information, and occupying some British trenches during the siege. In conclusion, the siege of Mafikeng was a success for the British and the Barolong as they managed to protect Mafikeng from capture by the Boers.
Missionary activities among the Barolong, 1822 - 1920
He encouraged the Barolong to extend the gesture of generosity to the stranded Boers (Molema, 1951:46). He was the head of the Barolong delegation which met with the Boers regarding Barolong land. He was there to ensure that the Barolong and other groups of Botswana were not plundered by the Boers.
Missionary progress at Thaba–Nchu, the Stad, Lotlhakane and Bodibe
He did not use Christianity and education to advocate unity in all parts of Barolong. The Ratshidis were more "advanced", educated than other parts of the Barolong because they had good relations with missionaries. The education and Christianity of the Barolongs was reinforced by the arrival of Solomon Plaatje in Mafikeng.
Capitalist and colonialist agents masquerading as missionaries
The missionaries wanted to prepare the Barolongs for industrial exploitation – something that would keep them poor and hungry to become “slaves” to the industrial world. The mission stations served as a caricature of the industrial world, where the Barolongs were converted into Christians, civilized people and the working class under the guise of Christianity. The economic life of the Barolongs depended on a gendered division of labor and men assumed leadership positions in controlling production.
Ethiopian Churches among the Barolong
The AME church was first started in Khunwana in 1897 at the invitation of Moshete, chief of the Ratlou. The AME established a church and school, and the first convert of the AME was Moshete himself. There were two leaders of the AME church who were responsible for spreading his gospel in the Bechuanaland region.
The intra-Barolong conflict in Lotlhakane and its aftermath
What was the nature of the renewed conflict of the Barolong in Lotlhakane?
Despite tireless and unceasing efforts by the Rapulana, Barrett gave the Rapulana's land in Lotlhakane to the Ratshidis. This action was designed to pressure Rapulana to accept the authority of John Montshiwa (NASA, Vol.12,1917). The complaints raised by Rapulana were rejected by the government due to the presence of Matlaba and Moshete.
The Politics of Demarcation
These lawsuits resulted in the financial loss of Rapulana and provoked further dispute from within. Rapulana at Lotlhakane was in the habit of taking important matters to Bodibe for clarification, while minor matters were referred to Motuba. Additionally, some individuals imitated the Rapulana and took the leaders who had forced them to pay to court (NASA, Vol.3159,1919).
Dispute and Litigation
This became another source of conflict because the fund belonged to both Rapulani and Ratshida. STATISTICS SHOWING MONEY PAID BY BOTH RAPULANA AND RATSHIDI AND BALANCE. In 1921 the total amount of money paid by Rapulana and Ratshidi was £6,000.
The Barolong National Council, 1915 To 1950
These leaders of the Rapulana and Ratlou felt that the lawyers who advised the Barolong to take their case to the. The BNC decided to enlist the services of various sections of the Barolong to assist the government in the event of unrest (NASA, Vol.108,1916). The BNC succeeded in registering itself as the first organization of the Barolong in South Africa.
What was the result of the collapse of the BNC?
The union complained to the Ministry of Native Affairs in Pretoria that Africans had degraded a white "healthy area" in Biesjiesvlei. Sibera was already part of the Trust, but according to the Ministry of Home Affairs it was already overcrowded. This problem of land clearance was solved by the Group Areas Act of 1950, which legalized the emigration of people from the so-called white areas, and the Barolong did not open up.
The legacy of the Barolong- an evaluation
The Boers and British simply withdrew from Barolong affairs, leaving the issue of Lotlhakane unresolved. Plaatje claimed to represent all of Barolong and the creation of the BNC exposed his political fraud. This showed that Molema used Christianity to help missionaries colonize the conscience of the Barolongs.
The findings of this research
The Boers exploited the history of the Barolong and discovered that the Paramountain belonged to the Ratlou. However, the Ratlou are accordingly the legitimate claimant of the supremacy of all Barolong. The missionaries were agents of colonialism and colonized the Barolong conscience through the teaching of the good news.
ARCHIVAL SOURCES
Union of South Africa, Post Office Telegraph to Motuba on the Jurisdiction of the Molopo Reserve (Mafikeng, 1917). Union of South Africa, Minister of Indigenous Affairs, Report on the establishment of the boundary between the Ratshidi and Rapulana-Barolong for plowing (Mafikeng, 1919). Union of South Africa, Superintendent of Native Affairs, Report on the Chieftainship Dispute of the Ratshidi-Barolong (Mafikeng, 1919).
NEWSPAPERS
ORAL INFORMANTS
DIARIES
PUBLISHED SECONDARY SOURCES
Elphick, R and (1937): Christianity in South Africa: A Political, Social and Davenport, R Cultural History (Cambridge University Press,. Roux, E (1948): Time Longer Than Rope: A History of the Black Man's Struggle for Freedom in South Africa, Theal, GM (1887) : History of South Africa under the Administration of the Dutch East India Company, George Allen and Unwin, London.
UNPUBLISHED SOURCES
