Die steekproefpopulasie het bestaan uit die veroordeelde manlike jeugoortreders by die Pollsmoor Jeugsentrum. Die opname toon dat "bosluis" (metamfetamien of kristal meth) die middel van keuse was; dit was 23% meer in aanvraag as die tweede gewildste dwelm, dagga.
INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY
Introduction
Motivation for the study
In efforts to improve HIV intervention effectiveness, HIV prevention interventions for adolescent offenders need to address factors that contribute to risky sexual behavior in the population. Marijuana use was found to be associated with unprotected sex among the surveyed population.
Statement of the problem
The current state of overcrowding in our correctional centers is causing bottlenecks, particularly in the inpatient units. Instead of being placed in the "servicing and awaiting" units, offenders are held in the reception units for increasingly long periods of time.
Aims of the research and purpose of the study
The overall aim of the NSAP is to synchronize efforts to prevent substance abuse among South African youth. It encourages networking between all organizations, government and civil society involved in substance abuse prevention in South Africa.
Research design and methodology
The policy states that all learning institutions should have clear policies for both prevention and intervention, reinforced by a restorative supportive orientation (Department of Education, 2003). The policy further requires that these policies and procedures are clearly communicated and disseminated to the school/university/training community in a culturally appropriate manner (Department of Education, 2003).
The study population
- Inclusion criteria
- Sampling
- Sampling procedure
Questionnaires are usually presented on paper and the respondent uses a pencil to fill it in, while interviews are conducted and recorded by the interviewer based on what the respondent says.
Data collection instrument
Alcohol and other substance abuse surveys are most often conducted to provide descriptive data on patterns and prevalence of use. This research hopes to provide such information to incorporate the data into educational programs that provide students with direct and ongoing feedback on their behavior.
Definition of terms and key words
- Adolescence
- Alcohol
- Cannabis
- Cocaine
- Male youth offenders
- Prevention and Intervention
- Substance abuse and dependence
- Substances of use and abuse
The exact differences between substance abuse and substance dependence are debated in the literature and in the medical world. Legally available drugs include alcohol, prescription drugs, inhalants and over-the-counter drugs such as cough syrups and diet pills (Clinical Reference Systems, 2001; Hanson et al, 2004).
LITERATURE STUDY
- Introduction
- The global illicit drug scenario
- Trends in world drug markets
- South African illicit drug scenario
- Prevalence of substance use and abuse among the youth
- Factors affecting treatment seeking
- Pollsmoor Substance Abuse Programmes
- Study at a South African Juvenile Correctional Centre
- Canadian Correctional Service Substance Abuse programme proposal
- Summary
In 1998, a special session of the United Nations General Assembly motivated countries to be more proactive in the fight against drug use and supply. In the early 1990s, evidence-based practice grew in relation to health care in South Africa. According to Interpol, South Africa is one of the top four suppliers of cannabis in the world.
Cannabis grows wild in South Africa and is a traditional crop in many areas especially in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal. Such social withdrawals contribute significantly to the widespread problems of substance abuse, as well as the rate of alcoholism in South Africa, which is one of the highest in the world (The Drug Advisory Board, 1999; Dupraz, 2002). In the last category (those drugs used less often) are drugs such as opium, rohypnol, ketamine and Wellconal (Parry, 1998).
The end of South Africa's isolation brought about an increase in drug trafficking on its way to Africa and Europe. In the Western Cape there is a pandemic in the use of the drug known locally as "Tik".
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
- Introduction
- Research paradigm
- Research design and methodology
- Ethical considerations
- Methods of data collection
- Research procedure
- Reliability and validity
- Data analysis
- Summary
Epistemology refers to the relationship between the knower and the known while ontology refers to the nature of reality. The latter, they argue, is the actual plan that guides the researcher's actions and decisions throughout the research process (Bless, Higson-Smith & Kagee, 2006: 71). If the results of the research will help the organization, mention it to ensure that the potential help is not overstated.
The questionnaire confirmed the confidentiality of the survey and this was further explained to the respondents when the questionnaires were handed over to them. The purpose of the survey is to obtain information that can be analyzed and patterns extracted and comparisons made. This is 36.56% of the total population and was considered representative of the total population.
A full description of the research instrument used to conduct this study, an unsupervised, self-administered questionnaire, was also described. The chapter concluded with an explanation of the software used to analyze the data.
DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION
- Introduction
- The survey questionnaire
- The target population
- Analysis of survey results
- Discussion on findings
- Summary
Although alcohol is considered the drug of choice around the world, alcohol consumption is prohibited among members of the Muslim faith. Mandrax is the fifth most popular drug of choice, with 30% of the population using it daily. 61% of the population uses this drug on a daily basis, which shows how easy it is to use.
38% of the population had not used the drug in the last three months, while 21% had used this substance every day. Or the opposite is that drug use is so minimal in 60% of cases that it is not considered a problem. Many of the young people have grown up in areas where drug use and involvement in the drug trade are considered part of the normal way of life.
Many of the youth in the study population had begun substance abuse prior to their incarceration, placing an obligation on community-based substance abuse programs to provide education to prevent initial drug use. The results of the analysis indicated the use of and preference for the various drugs found in the prison.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
Motivation for the study
Statement of the problem
Aims of the study
Discussion of findings
The lucrative drug market also leads to a related health problem becoming a crime prevention problem, diverting crime prevention forces from crime to drug prevention. This is also prevalent at Pollsmoor Youth Correctional Centre, where prison authorities are concerned with preventing drug use and getting offenders into drugs rather than dealing with the health problem of drug use or addiction. TIK (crystal meths - methamphetamine) has become a drug that is very popular in the black community.
This correlates with research showing that TIK is the drug of choice in Pollsmoor among the juvenile offenders who took part in the research. It must be remembered that Coloreds make up 48% of the criminal population in Pollsmoor.
Recommendations
- Formation of an Addiction Research Department
- Admittance procedures
- Interaction with community-based drug rehabilitation centres
The prison authorities now have two problems: the first is the problem of the offenders who have to solve their drug problem and the second is the drug trade in the prison. By not addressing the offender's addiction issues, offenders remain focused on obtaining drugs while in prison (rather than on their rehabilitation), perpetuating the increasing demand in the drug market. There is also a need for incentives in the form of activities in which the offenders can participate.
A comparison between the two programs would show a number of shortcomings in the approach and programs currently offered to substance abusers in Pollsmoor. The head of this Addiction Research Department will need to assign staff to help run the center. The Department shall also be responsible for the training of Correctional Personnel who work with offenders in the units in which they are registered.
This training extends to the substance abuse awareness programs offered to all offenders at the Centre. The persons responsible for the rehabilitation programs at the center need to interact with community based rehabilitation centers.
Skills Development
In this way, the drug user will move from one center to another without any interruption of the program, preserving the rehabilitation efforts already achieved with the drug user. Communication with the community centers allows the prison to maintain up-to-date knowledge of the drug problem in the community, as the offenders are from here. Knowledge of the environment the perpetrators are in will improve one's understanding of the challenges they face and how best to deal with those challenges.
Limitations of the study
Conclusion
In your life, which of the following Lifetime Use substances have you ever used for non-medical use. During the past 3 months, how often have you had a Problem 0 = Never failed to do what was normally expected of you 1 = Once or twice. Have you ever used any injection drugs (no risk 0 = No, never . for medical use only).
What do you think the prison authorities should do to deal with the abuse problem. Would you like to continue with the intervention program in your community after you are released and do you think it would help prevent you from recidivism. 4 How often within the past 3 months have you had a strong desire to use the substance.
6 In the past 3 months, how often have you failed what was normally expected of you because of your drug use. 15 What do you think prison authorities should do to address the problem of substance abuse?
National Strategic Action Plan for the Prevention of Substance Abuse Among Young People in South Africa. Retrieved May 4, 2008, from: http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/dwda/staff1.htm Department of Education. North Carolina, USA: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration NISA: National Institute on Drug Abuse. (1999).
Retrieved April 1, 2008, from http://www.noah-health.org/english/illness/mentalhealth/cornell/conditions/substdep.html. Implementing strategies to strengthen comprehensive tobacco control in South Africa: towards an optimal policy intervention mix. The nature and extent of drug use and the prevalence of related problems in South Africa: National surveillance.
