the Water, Energy and Food (WEF) Nexus

According to the authors, this is evident from the fact that the actions of one sector of the WEF resources, directly and indirectly, influence the activities of the other sectors. 79 researchers' knowledge, there is a lack of research on comprehensive theories that underlie the relationship between the three resources. 80 makers, and economic experts on how to manage the three resources and the relationship of the resources.

In addition, because the theories of the WEF nexus guide its implementation and understanding of its depth, it highlights a human resource management gap in the integrated concept. There has also been no research into the implications and effects of human resource management on the relationship between the three resources. This will bridge the existing gap in the literature regarding achieving the WEF nexus integrated framework to achieve water, energy and food security.

In addition, the WEF connection is seen as a security phenomenon due to the anticipated increase in resource usage relative to resource availability. According to Leese and Meisch [66], the WEF connection is a security issue, influenced by the security theory of Weaver [135] of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies. In addition, the author opined that an understanding of the WEF nexus involves synthesizing underlying concepts, discourses, interests and institutions.

Users of the WEF nexus will rate the technologies' perceived usefulness and ease of use of the technologies. Simplicity and ease of use: this is based on the effortless use and application of the technology. Relevant stakeholders in WEF nexus policy decision-making process should assess the innovation based on the five (5) communication channels of IDT and the five (5) characteristics of the theories.

Figure 1: Technology Acceptance Model [140].

Human Resource Management Implications on WEF Nexus

This will ensure rapid adoption of the innovation and marketing mechanism and, most importantly, its sustainability. Relevant stakeholders in the WEF nexus policy decision making process should assess the innovation based on IDT's five (5) communication channels and the five (5) qualities of the theories. 104 Leadership in Human Resource Management. Therefore, the WEF nexus should use this HR strategy in managing the synergies and resource trade-offs, involving multiple stakeholders.

Therefore, the WEF nexus security depends on the productivity of human resources, which has been part of the criticism of the Malthusian theory by ignoring the human resource productivity of population growth. This is characteristic of the institutional theory, as shown by Scott [114] on the adaptation of policies and regulations to be followed in the three sectors of water, energy and food. Therefore, the introduction of technologies to achieve the connection between the three resources, especially on a national and geographical scale, requires the involvement of human resources.

In addition, the introduction of the importance of human resources in the theoretical framework of the WEF nexus emphasized the application aspects of human resource management, while glossing over the procurement, compensation and reward aspects. The lack of nexus thinking among the WEF nexus managers has been the bane of the nexus. Therefore, this paper believes that in order to move from nexus thinking to nexus action, human resources in the three sectors need to have nexus thinking, which enables them to study the effect of one sector's policy on the sector's policy.

In addition, mapping the different links of the WEF resources, as suggested by Terrpon–Pfaff, et al., [126], requires productive HR managers with nexus thinking. The management of the interlinkages goes beyond the occasional contribution of academics, ensuring the sustainability of the resources. Mabhaudhi, et al., [72]) of the South African Water Research Commission stated the lack of nexus thinking among HR managers in the energy and agriculture sectors of South Africa's Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces.

Therefore, an appropriate compensation and reward system must be introduced to propagate a bond mindset among human resources of the various departments and agencies of the WEF sectors. Therefore, this article argues for the consideration of WEF nexus thinking in the recruitment policy of the sectors of the three resources. This will aid rapid and efficient management of the three resources' interdependencies, synergies and trade-offs.

Effect of emerging technologies on management of Water, Energy, and Food (WEF) Nexus

The author felt that internal rewards from leaders in powerful positions corrupt the thinking of connection and enthrone a silo mentality among WEF resources. Furthermore, to actualize the WEF link, the existing human resources of the sectors can be trained on its importance, as the training provides employees with new perspectives on an issue, stimulates their understanding and gives them technical knowledge - such as security WEF. Furthermore, the compensation and reward system should be efficient across sectors, emphasizing the management of WEF resource trade-offs, cutting waste and identifying innovation synergies.

This will further ensure the achievement of the objectives of Human Resource Management, as stated by Armstrong [6], which will enable the private sector to have a good synergy with the public sector. There is a wide range of technologies that optimize the various connections in the water, energy and food space, such as the water-energy connection, the water-food connection, the energy-water connection, the food-water connection, energy-food connection and food-energy connection. The authors stated that IoT would help collect data, analyzing the data using various algorithms of neural networks, support vector machines (SVM), linear regression and artificial neural network (ANN) to make informed decisions in the WEF systems.

The emergence of IoT technologies has helped to improve the effective use and integration of data in WEF resources, making the connection efficient and useful. WEF data management is an integral part of ensuring sustainability, especially in terms of operations and resource delivery (Etzion & Aragon – Correa, 2016). According to Kumar et al. [62] in the WEF system, the IoT nexus is essential with the following advantages; enables the user to implement effective measures, monitor water quality, enables consumers to become energy and water efficient, ensures efficiency and asset management, ensures food safety, water sustainability, energy sustainability and food sustainability.

In the water subsystem of the WEF nexus, IoT applications include water quality monitoring, water security, quality control in water reserves, wastewater management, water transportation, drought site monitoring, leak detection in water flow paths, efficient and systemic water management, and monitoring water consumption patterns. In the energy subsystem of the WEF nexus, IoT applications include Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AIM), Control and Operation of Energy Consuming Devices (Co – ECD), Battery Energy Management (BEM), Micro Grid (MG), Control of Electric Energy System and Utility (CEESU), Nano Grid (NG) and Energy System Reliability and Stability (ESRS). In the Food Subsystem of the WEF nexus, the utilization of IoT technologies consists of; storage and handling of foodstuffs (SHFP), Food packaging, Food transport, Freshness and quality monitoring of foodstuffs originating from plant species &.

Analytic technology is a technique for modeling the WEF relationship, where there are no assumptions or underlying assumptions between the variables and the data is the basic input in the model. This makes it less prone to errors and uncertainty, quick to develop, and shows compromises in the connection, thereby highlighting areas that will negatively impact durability issues in the connection. Therefore, the significant effect of emerging technologies is the emergence of innovations in the space of water, energy and food, thus shaping the nature of connectivity.

Conclusion and Recommendation

109 monitoring and alarming, vegetable washing systems, removal of dried leaves and damaged food material from plants, food safety and security, drying of cereals and pulses at controlled temperature, sorting of vegetables, foodstuffs and fruits of packaged foods, online food bill payment and food safety and security. Abe, et al., [1] posited that data science is needed to analyze WEF connectivity datasets and the functionality of WEF subsector technologies, especially in spatial computing, where data unavailability has become an obstacle in connection management. Additionally, Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data analytics and the Internet of Things (IoT), are the important technologies driving the water, energy and food space.

110 resource investment in new technologies shaping the WEF connection to mass commercialization and adaptation of innovations introduced in the water, energy and food fields.

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