As a critical sector of the Cape Town tourism industry, SSABs face increased competition and a lack of financial assistance. According to Sheikh (2015), tourism firms face various obstacles depending on the nature of the firm. The epileptic state of the South African currency poses a constant threat to the housing market (News24, 2019), essentially harming the small-scale accommodation business.
They lack prior knowledge of the tourism sector and many other aspects of this sector. Viewed as a legal factor in the business environment, visa regulations may be one of the issues facing the South African tourism sector. The South African tourism sector is known for its diverse clientele, with visitors coming from different parts of the world (South African Tourism, 2018).
Main challenges faced when starting an accommodation business
The first part addresses possible challenges that SSAB faced when they started; the next part indicates the channel of business financing, followed by an examination of the performance of SSAB over the past two years; the last part is a brief exploration of some external factors that may hinder the development of SSAB.
Channels of funding to start SSAB
Business performance
Threats from external factors to SSAB development
The cost of running an accommodation business in the central business district is very high." 87.1% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the cost of running a SSAB in the Cape Town city center is very high, 11.9% were neutral and 1% disagreed. The cost of running an accommodation business in the central business district is very high.
Government regulation is one of the biggest challenges limiting entrepreneurs from operating in the city centre. Government regulation is one of the biggest challenges limiting entrepreneurs from operating in the city centre.”. However, a very high proportion of over 65% agreed and strongly accepted government regulations among the barriers preventing entrepreneurs from doing business in the city centre.
CONCLUSION
Dlomo (2021) argues that in order for tourism to become self-sustaining and thriving, local governments must create conditions that are safe and conducive to business growth.
LIMITATIONS AND SCOPE FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
IMPLICATIONS
In this regard, and in recognition of the economic value of the hospitality sector, efforts should be encouraged to cultivate a culture of continuous training and development among SSABs.
Available at: https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa whats-the-most-dangerous-city-in-sa-new-report-offers-some-surprises/ [Accessed 21 October 2019 ]. Unpublished MTech: Tourism and Hospitality Management thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa. Constraints for tourism entrepreneurs in South Africa: a study in Gauteng and Mpumalanga Provinces, South Africa.
Available at: https://www.fin24.com/Economy/South-Africa/food-and-drink-sector-income-jumps-in-december-accommodation-lags-20190218. The influence of load shedding on the productivity of hotel staff in Cape Town, South Africa. A framework for acquiring the resources essential for starting a business in South Africa: An African immigrant's perspective.
INNOVATIONS
DO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND LOYALTY MEDIATE THE EFFECT OF GRADUATE’S PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY ON
GRADUATE’S PERCEIVED JOB PERFORMANCE?
Abstract
- INTRODUCTION
- THEORY UNDERPINNING THE STUDY
- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 1 Perceived job performance
- Perceived service quality
- Customer satisfaction
- Customer loyalty
- DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESES AND RESEARCH MODEL
- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- Questionnaire design and measures
- Sampling and data collection
- ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 1 Scale validation
- Discriminant validity
- Testing research hypotheses
- DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS
- Theoretical implications
- Practical implications
- Future research implications
Thus, improving the quality of university services results in greater satisfaction and also influences job performance (Borgogni et al., 2017; Guilbault, 2016). Therefore, customer loyalty indirectly influences the relationship between service quality and job performance (Choudhury, 2015; Chikazhe et al., 2020; Zaini et al., 2020). None of these studies have attempted to include customer satisfaction and customer loyalty as mediators in the relationship between perceived service quality and perceived job performance.
A theory by Singh (2016) that examined the effect of service quality on job performance supports this study. Thus, the current study extends Singh's (2016) model by examining the mediating role of customer satisfaction and loyalty on the effect of perceived service quality on perceived job performance, within the higher education sector. Customer satisfaction within universities is determined by the provision of high quality service and this further affects job performance.
The results of a study by Kaura et al. 2016) who concluded that service quality has a positive effect on employees' work performance. None of the previous studies have addressed customer satisfaction as a mediator of the effect of perceived service quality on perceived job performance. Therefore, it is meaningful to predict that customer satisfaction plays a mediating role in the effect of perceived service quality on perceived job performance.
It is clear from this discussion that the literature has not considered mediating customer loyalty as a mediator of the effect of perceived service quality on perceived job performance. Results in Table 1 indicate that both customer satisfaction and loyalty partially mediate the relationship between perceived service quality and perceived job performance. The study determined that the relationship between perceived service quality and perceived job performance is mediated by customer satisfaction.
The findings also indicate that the influence of perceived service quality on perceived job performance is partially mediated by consumer loyalty. The results suggest that consumer loyalty plays a key role in the relationship between perceived service quality and perceived job performance. Impact of service quality (SQ) on student satisfaction: Empirical evidence in the emerging economy higher education context.
ENTREPRENEURIAL RESOURCES AND ENGAGEMENT OF AFRICAN ACADEMICS: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Introduction
- LITERATURE AND HYPOTHESES
- Academic Entrepreneurial Engagement (AEE)
- Academic Entrepreneurial Resources (AERs)
- RESEARCH METHODS
- Participants and data collection procedure
- MEASURES
- FINDINGS
- Analysis of characteristics of academics
- Descriptive and correlations analyses
- Hypotheses testing
- DISCUSSIONS
- CONCLUSION
- Implications of the study
- Limitations of the Study
- Suggestions for Future Studies
Various reasons have been put forward to explain African academics and universities' lack of entrepreneurial capabilities. According to Jones et al. 2007), the cause is a lack of entrepreneurial capabilities at both the individual and institutional level. In this study, academic entrepreneurial involvement is used as a catch-all term for any of the above formal and informal entrepreneurial activities.
Similarly, several studies among academics have also shown that innovativeness plays an important role in academics' entrepreneurial involvement (Prónay & Buzás, 2015; Rizzo, 2015; D'Este, 2015). However, as universities become increasingly corporate, there is a greater need for greater use of entrepreneurial orientation to facilitate academics' entrepreneurial involvement in universities. To test this assumption, the entrepreneurial spirit (innovativeness, motivation, and orientation) of academics was assessed, and their predictive effects on academics' entrepreneurial commitment were examined.
Based on this, Wu's (2009) measure of opportunity recognition is adapted as a dimension of entrepreneurial orientation in this study. For this reason, the innovation dimension of the entrepreneurial orientation scale was dropped from this study in favor of a more distinct and comprehensive innovation scale. Standardized beta (β) weights were estimated to determine the unique contribution of each of the entrepreneurial resources to AEE.
This suggests that the low level of entrepreneurial activity among academics in the study is due to academics in early rather than late careers. In terms of the impact of entrepreneurial resources on academics' entrepreneurial engagement, entrepreneurial innovation was found to have a significant impact on academics' entrepreneurial engagement. The inability of entrepreneurial motivation and orientation to influence academic entrepreneurial involvement in this study contradicts the literature, which has established that these sources are critical to the academic entrepreneurial process and are critical in determining the propensity of academics to participate in entrepreneurial endeavors (Rizzo, 2015; Ismail et al. al., 2015).
The discovery of entrepreneurial ingenuity (innovativeness, motivation and orientation) among academics shows that academics have the basic conditions for entrepreneurial involvement in the first place. However, research on the impact of department and university contexts on academic entrepreneurship in Africa is limited. As moderators, it is likely that the combination of innovativeness and the two entrepreneurial sources will result in a higher level of entrepreneurial commitment than innovativeness alone can provide.
CONSUMERS' INTENTION TO USE OMNICHANNELS
SOUTH AFRICAN RETAIL STORES PERSPECTIVE
- LITERATURE REVIEW
- METHODOLOGY
- Sample and population
- Questionnaires
- Design analysis
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
- RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION
- LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH LINES
Several theoretical frameworks have been presented to demonstrate technology use behavior, such as innovation diffusion theory (IDT), Unified Theory of Technology Acceptance and Use (UTAUT) by Venkatesh et al. This study focuses on the UTAUT2 framework, explaining consumer acceptance and use of ICT (Venkatesh et al., 2012). Performance expectancy (PE) is similar to relative advancement in IDT, defined as the extent to which the use of different channels and/or technologies during the shopping journey will provide consumers with benefits when purchasing essential goods (Venkatesh et al ., 2012).
Effort expectancy (EE), which includes factors such as perceived ease of use in TAM, is defined as the degree to which a consumer believes that using an omnichannel technology would be cumbersome with the consumer's use of various touch points during the shopping process ( Venkatesh et al., 2012 ). Social influence (SI) is defined as the extent to which consumers perceive that people close to them, such as families, friends, colleagues, role models, etc., believe that they should use different channels depending on their needs (Venkatesh et al. ., 2012). Facilitation condition (FC) relates to customers' perception of the availability of resources and support tools to produce behavior (Venkatesh et al., 2003).
Hedonic motivations (HM) are associated with adjectives such as fun, pleasant and enjoyable (Venkatesh et al., 2012). Perceived security (PS) is defined as users' perception that omnichannel companies' technology strategies include prior information security, such as authentication, protection, verification or encryption (Kim et al., 2008). Following the methodological primacy of Shambare (2012); Field (2013) and Brink et al. 2019), statistical analyzes (SPSS v.28) were used to perform the following analyses:.
Performance expectancy is the second strongest predictor and has a direct positive influence on purchase intention (Karahanna & Straub, 1999; Venkatesh et al., 2012). Consistent with previous researchers (Venkatesh et al., 2012; . Escobar-Rodríguez & Carvajal-Trujillo, 2014), effort expectancy was found to be the third most powerful predictor of usage intention in an omnichannel setting. Contrary to previous studies (Venkatesh et al., 2012; Escobar-Rodríguez & Carvajal-Trujillo, 2014), the results of this study show that convenience state, hedonic motivation and perceived safety do not influence the purchase intention of all channels .
Previous work by other researchers in other contexts has found a positive relationship between these variables (Thong et al., 2011; Venkatesh et al., 2012; Escobar-Rodríguez & Carvajal-Trujillo, 2014).
ENTREPRENEURIAL
