BAB 3. TUJUAN DAN MANFAAT PENELITIAN
2. Artikel publikasi di Jurnal Internasional Bereputasi Draft
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2. Artikel publikasi di Jurnal Internasional Bereputasi
The Effectiveness of Using Authentic Teaching Models from YouTube with Small Group Discussion to Improve Teaching Skill of Beginner English Teachers: An Empirical Study
1Asnawi Muslem*), 2Ika Apriani Fata, & 3Saiful Marhaban
123Department of English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Abstract
One of the most essential factors in education especially in English Language Education is the quality of teachers in teaching and learning process. Many efforts have been undertaken by the government and teacher to improve the teachers’ quality in teaching. Teachers also have done their best to teach their students perfectly. However, their quality of teaching still needed to enhance.
Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the effectiveness of using authentic teaching models from YouTube with small group discussion to improve teaching skill of beginner English teachers.
Additionally, this study finds what kinds of skills that can be improved by using such media.
Besides, it also investigates if the use of this media of learning improves their motivation in improving their skill of teaching. This study employs quantitative method in nature. A quasi-experimental design is used to prove the effectiveness of the media in improving teachers’ teaching skill. 40 beginner English teachers are selected as the sample of this study. They are divided into two groups that consists of 20 teachers in each group. Each group gets the same teaching materials.
The first experimental group works in small group discussion and the other group work individually. Statistical analysis through using spss is used to analyse the data. The results show that there is a significant improvement of beginner English teachers after they are taught by using authentic teaching models from YouTube with small group discussion. The most dominant improvement of the teaching skill is on the closing activities. Lastly, the motivation of the teachers is high after they are taught by using the authentic teaching models from YouTube with small group discussion. Therefore, this media is appropriate to use in improving teachers teaching skill.
Key words: Authentic teaching models, YouTube, small group discussion, beginner teacher, teaching skill.
Introduction
It is very important to improve the quality of English teachers, especially for beginner teachers.
This is so that the teachers can teach well and attract students in the class. Various kinds of methods and methods as well as steps have been carried out by both the teachers themselves and related institutions to achieve more innovative, creative, effective and fun quality teaching teachers. The methods that are often used in teaching by teachers such as scientific approach, discovery learning, contextual teaching and learning, and problem based learning. However, the ability of teachers to
teach professionally is still not encouraging. Therefore, efforts to improve the quality of teaching teachers need to continuously find solutions. For example, to become a professional teacher, the government has determined that to be able to teach in schools, a teacher must pass the teaching profession. Teachers who have been appointed are also required to take part in the PPG Program in order to have an educator certificate as a professional teacher. Countless number of training programs have been implemented in order to improve teacher teaching skills by teachers and related education offices. However, the efforts that have been made have not resulted in a more significant change in teacher skills in teaching. Especially as a novice teacher who has not much experience in teaching. Therefore, the goal of this long-term research will be to significantly achieve the skills and quality of teachers in teaching English at the junior high school level so that the quality of graduates of junior high school students and the equivalent becomes more qualified and highly competitive both at the regional and national levels. One way to achieve this goal is to apply learning media that can answer the challenges and obstacles faced by teachers in teaching.
The media that is considered very useful to be used in order to improve the quality of teaching teachers is to use an authentic teaching model from YouTube based on small group discussions. So, the specific target of this research to be achieved is to ensure that the use of authentic learning and teaching models from youtube based on small group discussions can improve the skills of beginner English teachers at the junior high school level, especially in Aceh and its surroundings. To achieve these goals and targets, of course, necessary methods and precise steps are needed. The method used to achieve this goal is an experimental method using quasi-experimental. The researcher conducted an experimental study on beginner English teachers at the junior high school level for six meetings. This study applies the actions given to the two groups of teachers, namely the teacher group using the authentic teaching model from YouTube with small group discussions with fellow teachers and other groups in an individual way. Before the experiment was carried out, the researchers had prepared all the necessary teaching tools such as lesson plans, teaching materials in the form of authentic learning models from youtube which were downloaded from the internet. We have discussed the models that have been collected with senior teachers and English teaching experts to ensure that the video teaching materials are appropriate and legal to use. Furthermore, as a pre-test the teacher was asked to carry out the teaching process in each class and asked to record the learning process. The recording results were sent to the researcher for an assessment process in accordance with the established assessment rubric. After that, the researcher gave treatment to the two groups for 5 meetings. After completing all research activities, the teachers were then given a post-test for the two groups of teachers. A set of questionnaires was also given to the two groups of teachers related to their motivation in learning to improve teaching skills through the authentic teaching model from YouTube. The data that has been collected was analyzed using statistics through the SPSS program. The results of the analysis show that the use of authentic learning media from youtube based on small group discussions is much more increased compared to individual teacher groups. Other results also show that the motivation in learning to improve the skills of teachers is also higher than the group of teachers who conduct small group discussions compared to the group independently. Therefore, it is recommended for novice teachers to be able to use authentic learning media from YouTube by involving small group discussions in order to improve the quality of their teaching and motivation in improving their teaching skills.
The development and progress of a nation is marked by the quality of education that is capable of dealing with very fast and rapid developments. One component as an indicator of the progress and development of quality education is the ability of teachers to teach well and with quality. However, the quality of teachers in teaching, especially beginner English teachers, has not been encouraging. Although the government has taken policies and strategic steps to improve the quality of teaching teachers starting at the elementary, junior high and high school levels, the quality of teachers has not been significantly good. For example, the government has carried out various kinds of training, both pedagogical training and content knowledge by bringing in speakers both from within and outside the country. However, the results have not been clearly seen that the teacher's skills in teaching have been better. It is not only novice teachers who experience this problem, but senior teachers also experience the same thing. Therefore, this is the government's concern in improving the quality of education, especially in Aceh and Indonesia in general. The presence of higher education institutions such as the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education at Syiah Kuala University through research programs and community service is very important.
Therefore, the researcher tries to help overcome the problems related to the quality of beginner English teachers in teaching in junior high schools through the authentic teaching model from Youtube based on small group discussions. We believe and believe that this is an alternative that can be used in order to improve the quality of English teachers' skills in teaching beginners. These novice English teachers have already completed undergraduate programs and some of them have even graduated from the teaching profession. However, the experience of teaching is not so much so that there is an effort that researchers take to improve the skills of teaching teachers. The effort in question is to apply the authentic learning model from YouTube by means of small group discussion activities. The point is, they will be shown a learning model that has been downloaded on the internet and after that they discuss with friends in groups of 3 or 4 people related to the model they have seen. After that, they did the simulation in the small group to make sure that they could do the same too. This research activity is very important to do because seeing the condition of graduates of junior high school students and the equivalent is not encouraging. And the scapegoat is always the teacher. Therefore, this research is very urgent to be carried out in order to overcome the unsatisfactory quality of teaching teachers, especially beginner English teachers.
To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher conducted special observations and interviews with novice teachers informally regarding the obstacles in teaching well in their respective classes.
The results show that they still have many obstacles in teaching, for example how to motivate students in learning, attract students' attention, explain the material, ask questions related to higher order thinking skills (HOTS) questions, respond to each student's questions, and last but not least the ability integrates critical thinking, creative thinking, reflexive thinking, decision making and inquiry learning. Based on this reality, the researchers tried to overcome the teacher's problem by conducting an experiment on a beginner English teacher at the junior high school level in Banda Aceh City. So the specific purpose of this research is to see the effect of using authentic learning model from YouTube based on small group discussion activities in order to improve the teaching skills of junior high school English teachers in Banda Aceh City. Furthermore, other specific objectives are to find out the motivation of teachers in improving teaching skills through these media and also to find out what obstacles they face with this learning model. The researcher
has taught for almost 20 years at FKIP Unsyiah since 2001 until now. Various training, research and community service have been carried out.
Researchers have attended training conducted by USAID in 2015 in Surabaya related to improving the quality of teaching both for elementary, junior high, high school and also tertiary institutions. Previously, the researcher had also attended training related to the model of teaching English for elementary school children which was held in Jakarta. While the research that has been done by researchers is related to efforts to improve the ability of students and students in mastering English well through various models of learning media. For example, in 2015 researchers conducted research related to the use of immersive multimedia learning with the support of colleagues in an effort to improve English speaking and reading skills among Unsyiah and STKIP An Nur students in Banda Aceh. The results show that the use of these media can significantly improve English skills among these students. The results of this study were published in the International Journal of Instruction (IJI) Turkey, in 2017. Subsequent research in 2016 researchers have also conducted research related to the application of video clips with small groups and individuals to improve English speaking skills among junior high school students. The results show that the use of these media can significantly improve the English language skills of junior high school students in Banda Aceh. The results of the research were published in the journal Teaching English with Technology in 2017. Then the results of research related to the authentic effect of English video to improve English listening skills were published in the journal New Educational Review Q3 in 2018. Furthermore, research conducted in 2018 was related to the effect of immersive strategies with English video clips to improve students' English skills. The results showed that the students' English skills improved significantly. The results of this study have been published in the journal Teaching English with Technology (Q1) in 2019. Research related to the Analysis of Strategies Used by Lecturers in Teaching Reading Comprehension to Getsempena English Education Undergraduate Students in Banda Aceh in 2019. The results of the research have been published in the HSSR journal in 2020. Then the 2018 research is related to “Survey of Professional Competence of English Teachers Banda Aceh City High School Level. The results showed that the professional competence of English teachers in Banda Aceh City was still low.
Next, research is related to Mapping of Roles and Strategies to Improve Competency of High School Teachers in Banda Aceh in Facing the Asean Economic Community Competition in the 2017-2018 plural year. The results of this research have been presented at an international conference in Jakarta in 2019. Meanwhile, community service activities that have been carried out by researchers such as training for English teachers in ABDYA, South Aceh, Simelue, North Aceh, Bireun, and Banda Aceh from 2016 until now. The results show that these activities are very beneficial for teachers to improve their teaching skills in the classroom.
Literature Review
State of the art: This research is based on various previous studies related to improving the quality of English teachers in teaching English lessons in junior high schools which continue to need significant improvement. The researcher's experience also found that the ways of teaching teachers still use the lecture system and the majority use Indonesian in teaching English. However, there are also those who have started and taught using student-centered methods. Indeed, there is
no single method that can guarantee to improve English teaching skills and also certain subjects (Prabhu, 1990; Gleason, Peeters, Resman-Targoff, Karr, McBane, Kelley, & Denetclaw, 2011;
Carrick, 2011; Pattanpichet, 2011; Megaiab, 2014; Graham, Kelly, Massey, & Van Hise, 2014;
Abbaspour, 2016). In other words, there is no one best method used by English teachers in order to improve their skills in teaching English. To start the research that the proposer will do, there are several previous studies that function as analysis and enrich the research discussion, as well as distinguish it from the research that will be carried out related to the use of authentic teaching models from Yotube based on small group discussion activities in an effort to improve the skills of beginner English teachers at the junior high school level in Indonesia. Banda Aceh City.
Road Map: To start the research that the proposer will carry out, there are several previous studies that function as analysis and enrich the research discussion, as well as distinguish it from the research to be carried out. In this study, four international journals of previous research related to the use of YouTube media in teaching English were included. These journals include; Research conducted by Muslem & Abbas in 2017 entitled “The Effectiveness of Immersive Multimedia Learning with Peer Support on English Speaking and Reading Aloud” which was published in the International Journal of Instruction (IJI). The research was conducted at a university in Aceh. This study found that the use of multimedia learning in this case youtube with peer support has significantly improved the students' speaking and reading skills. This study focuses on aspects of speaking and reading which include speed, intonation, emphasis, accuracy, fluency, and grammar and vocabulary. Research conducted by Muslem, Mustafa, Usman, & Rahman, in 2017 with the title “The Application of Video Clips with Small Group and Individual Activities to Improve Young Learners' Speaking Performance published in the journal Teaching English with Technology. The results of this study found that the use of video clips in this case youtube can improve students' speaking skills. Research conducted by Watkins & Wilkins in 2011 with the research title "Using Youtube in the EFL classroom" which was published in the journal Language Education in Asia. Research reports that the use of youtube in the EFL classroom can significantly improve students' conversational skills. Research conducted by Kral in 2011 entitled “Youth media as cultural practice: Remote Indigenous youth speaking out loud” taken from the journal Australian Aboriginal Studies. The results of the study found that youth media can significantly improve speaking skills.
Research conducted by Alwehaibi in 2015 entitled “The Impact of Using Youtube in EFL Classroom on Enhancing EFL Students' Content Learning published in the Journal of College Teaching & Learning. This study reports that the use of technological media in the form of youtube can improve the ability of students to master teaching materials, especially from English as a Foreign Language (EFL students) students. The study also reported that EFL students gave a positive response to the use of YouTube to facilitate mastery of English subjects. Research conducted by Chtouki & Bennani in 2012 entitled “The impact of YouTube videos on the student's learning” which was presented at the International Conference on Information Technology Based Higher Education and Training. The results of this study report that the use of youtube videors can increase the learning achievement of students. Furthermore, 7. Research conducted by Yang &
Meinel in 2014 entitled "Content based lecture video retrieval using speech and video text information" published by IEEE Transactions on Learning Technology. The results of this study
report that the use of content-based lecture video retrieval can improve the ability to master the teaching materials of the subjects studied by students. 8. Research conducted by Terantino in 2011 with the title Youtube for foreign languages: You have to see this video published in the Journal of Language Learning and Technology. The result is that the use of youtube to improve foreign language mastery. From a number of previous studies related to the use of youtube media to improve mastery of the content of the lessons taught. 9. Research conducted by Muslem, Zulfikar, Syamaun, and Usman with the title “The Impact of Immersive Strategy with English Video Clips on EFL Students' Speaking Performance: An Empirical Study at Senior High School” which was published in the journal Teaching English with Technology in 2019. The results of this study indicate that the media in the teaching and learning process can improve the students' English skills. From the road map described above, this study tries to use an authentic teaching model from YouTube based on small group discussions in an effort to improve the teaching skills of beginner English teachers and also look at the motivations and obstacles faced by these teachers after they are taught through the teaching model. . This research is also intended to provide an effective alternative solution to make the atmosphere of improving teaching skills take place comfortably, peacefully, and fun and excitingly with the application of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK).
Teaching Model through Youtube media
The use of multimedia to improve the teaching quality of beginner teachers is very necessary and absolutely must be done in order to answer the challenges of the 4.0 era in the 21st century.
Dynamic technological developments require teachers to update their knowledge to support the effectiveness of their teaching (Nurhadi, Diptyana, Djuwito, Suminar, & Hamzah, 2018). Teachers need to present interesting and accessible teaching materials for students. The teaching model from YouTube videos is one type of application that teachers can use to present teaching materials to make them more structured and interesting. The industrial era 4.0 requires the world of education to be transformed in various aspects so that it can answer the challenges facing both teachers and students as well as policy makers in education (Shofa, 2019). The application of authentic learning models from YouTube is an alternative that is innovative, creative, effective and interesting and fun in the teaching and learning process in schools (Khalid & Muhammad, 2012; Alwehaibi, 2015;
Almurashi, 2016; Wang & Chen, 2020). 2.2 Concept of Immersive Learning Immersive strategy means an activity carried out by students in focusing themselves in a relaxed and relaxed manner to master English naturally. This concept means immersion in experiential learning where the learning process involves deep engagement and absorption with the target language through all the senses. Immersion programs have been implemented in many countries such as the United States, Canada, Spain, New Zealand, etc., with the aim of improving students' mastery of a second language (Tallin, 2005; Cummins, 2000).
Immersion is a relatively new development in bilingual education, but it is an option (and term) that is being adopted more and more widely. The Immersion program aims to provide a quantity and quality of involvement in the use of the target language that ensures the development of a high level of proficiency (Johnson & Swain, 1997). If children become bilingual by immersing in French in Canada, then perhaps what needs to be done is immersing Indonesian-speaking