S + have/let/make + O + V1 (tanpa to), atau S + ask/get + O + to + V1 (dengan to).
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CAUSATIVEVERB
Causative Verb adalah kata kerja yang menyebabkan (causes) orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu. Ada lima bentuk causative verbs; let, have, make, get dan ask (meaning-nya). Dua pola utamanya:
a. Make, let, dan have: tanpa to S1 + have/let/make + S2 + V1 + O b. Get dan ask: dengan to
S1 + get/ask + S2 + to + V1 + O
Untuk kalimat pasifnya, cukup tempatkan objek setelah causative verb-nya, ubah V1 menjadi V3, dan tempatkan by + S2 jika diperlukan:
S1 + have/let/make/get + O + V3 + by + S2
Ingat! Penggunaan Causative Verb mengikuti pola Tenses (untuk S1), sedangkan S2 tidak. Contoh:
a. Active: She has me do things. (have has, subjek tunggal) Passive: She has things done.
Past Form: She had me do things. (do tidak ikut di-past-kan) Pasif Past Form: She had things done.
b. Active: Dad makes Mum cook rice. (cook tidak ikut ditambahi -s) Passive: Dad makes rice cooked (by Mum)
Past Form: Dad made Mum cook rice.
Pasif Past Form: Dad made rice cooked (by Mum).
Concord
78. These are just a few of the many norms that every member of the society _____ expected to follow. [USM STIS 2012]
A. Was B. Are C. Were D. Be E. Is
79. Either the management or the education system of our institute _____ to be reviewed to incerease the number of graduates next year.” [USM STIS 2012] A. That needs B. Need C. Needing D. They need E. Needs
80. The increasing in the sales of new cars _____ not expected to make traffic jams worse. [USM STIS 2011] A. Be B. Being C. Is D. Are E. To be
81. Some students have finished their papers _____ haven’t. [USM STIS 2010]
B. Others C. Other D. The other E. The others
82. Due to the monetary crisis, the number of people without jobs _____ at the moment. [USM STIS 2013] A. Increase B. Increased C. Is increasing D. As increased E. Will increase Jawaban : 78. Jawab: E. Is
Every memang berarti semua/tiap-tiap. Tetapi, merupakan modifier untuk singular noun, sehingga digunakan to-be singular juga. Tapi, question tag untuk every tetap berbentuk jamak. Contoh: Everything is okay, aren’t they?
79. Jawab: E. Needs
Karenea bentuk either ... or hanya memiliki nilai benar pada klausa/frasa setelah either atau yang setelah or, maka tetap
menggunakan bentuk singular, selama masing-masing subjek dalam bentuk singular.
Either you or I are crazy. (you menggunakan bentuk plural)
Either she or he is crazy. (she dan he menggunakan bentuk singular) 80. Jawab: C. Is
Subjek pada soal adalah the increasing, yang dianggap sebagai singular. Begitu juga dengan bentuk lain berupa jarak, volume, berat, dan waktu. Seperti the number, the distance, the weight, the duration dll. 81. Jawab: E. The others
Kuncinya ada pada students (jamak), artinya: Beberapa siswa sudah menyelesaikan
makalah yang belum diselesaikan siswa-siswa yang lain.
Gunakan others untuk menunjukkan “lain” dan artikel the untuk merujuk pada some students yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya. 82. Jawab: C. Is increasing
The number (jumlah): singular, sehingga to be-nya singular (is).
A number (sejumlah, sebanyak): plural, sehingga to be-nya plural (are). Gunakan Progressive Tense karena ada keterangan at the moment (saat ini).
Materi :
Concord adalah kesesuaian antarunsur dalam suatu kalimat. Misal; antara subjek dan predikat, antara subjek dan kata gantinya, dll.
Tentu kalian sudah paham bahwa I (saya) menggunakan to be am, was, dan V1 tanpa tambahan s. Sementara you, they, we, dan subjek jamak lainnya (lebih dari satu) menggunakan are, were, dan V1 tanpa s. Sisanya, yaitu orang ketiga tunggal (he, she, it) menggunakan is, was, dan V1+s/es.
Berikut beberapa daftar penting:
Bentuk Dianggap Contoh
Each, every, much Tunggal Each student has to compete Uncountable noun
(e.g. uang, jarak, waktu)
The + adjective Jamak The young need the old Public, police,
people, cattle dan yang “isinya” banyak
Jamak The police command everyone to obey the rules
S + and +S Jamak Steve and Noah are siblings Gerund sebagai S Tunggal Planting trees is a necessity Both ... and ... Jamak Both dad and mum are my
everything Not only ... but
also
Tergantung pada noun setelah but also
Not only my brother, but also my sisters are happy for my
graduation.
Not only my sisters, but also my brother is happy for my
graduation. Either ... or Tergantung
pada noun setelah or
Either the teacher or the students have initiated this competition. Either the students or the teacher has initiated this competition. Neither ... nor Tergantung
pada noun setelah nor
Neither my sister nor my parents are here.
Neither my parents nor my sister is here.
Conditional sentence (kalimat pengandaian) Soal :
83. it _____ rain, I’ll arrive on time. [USM STIS 2006] A. Won’t
B. Wouldn’t C. Isn’t D. Doesn’t
84. Rudi: “Why did you quit the job, Jack?” Jack: “I would _____ if the pay had been better. [USM STIS 2007]
A. Would stay
B. Would have stayed C. Had stayed
D. Would had stayed
85. According to the lates issue of journal of Indonesian Medical Association, _____ can reduce the risk sudden cardiac death in men. [USM STIS 2013]
A. Fish being eaten after every week B. If we eat fish once a week
C. To eat weekly fish
D. Fish to be eaten weekly E. Eating fish just once a week
86. Had he handed in the application, he _____ last week. [USM STIS 2013]
A. Would be allowed to join the interview test
B. Was being allowed to join the interview test
C. Would have been allowed to join the interview test
D. He was allowed to join the interview test E. He was allowed to join the interview test 87. “John had withdrawn all his money because
he needed it for his father’s operation.” “_____ if his father’s health hadn’t been in such bad condition.” [USM STIS 2013]
A. He would not take all his money B. He should take all his money C. He did not take all his money
D. He must have taken all his money E. He wouldn’t have taken all his money
Jawaban : 83. Jawab: D. Doesn’t
Soal adalah conditonal sentence tipe I. If + Simple Present Tense +, (then) + Simple Future Tense
84. Jawab: B. Would have stayed
Soal menggunakan Conditional Sentence tipe III, yang menunjukkan penyesalan. (Walaupun pertanyaan pembicara Rudi dalam bentuk Past Tense, tetap ikuti maksud pembicara Jack yang menggunakan Past Perfect Tense).
85. Jawab: E. Eating fish just once a week Jika pilih A: bukan ikan yang membantu mengurangi risiko kardiak, melainkan mengonsumsi ikannya. Jika pilih B: struktur
tidak sesuai dengan Conditional Sentence tipe I. Pilihan D dan C sudah jelas salah. 86. Jawab: C. Would have been allowed to join
the interview test
Soal menggunakan bentuk inverted conditional (If he had ... menjadi had he ...). Kalimat tersebut merupakan Conditional Sentence tipe III:
If S + had + V3, + S +
should/would/might/could + have + V3
Inversion: Had + S + V3, + S +
should/would/might/could + have + V3
87. Jawab: E. He wouldn’t have taken all his money
If S + had + V3, + S +
should/would/might/could + have + V3
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