Kalimat pengandaian terdiri dari if clause/ sub clause (anak kalimat) dan main clause (induk kalimat). Tipe If Clause Main Clause Fakta
I: rencana (mungkin) Present Tense: If + S + V1 Simple Future: S + will + V1 It is possible that ... (if clause-nya) II: andai-andai (tak mungkin) Past Tense: If + S + V2 Past Future: S + would + V1 Negatif dari if clause (dalam bentuk Present Tense) III: sesalan (sangat tak mungkin) Past Perfect: If + S + had + V3 Past Perfect Future: S + would have + V3 Negatif dari if clause (dalam bentuk Past Tense) Bentuk Inversi (Susun Balik, untuk tipe II dan III):
Perhatikan pola berikut (if dihapus, tempatkan to be/verb di depan): If I were menjadi Were I
If I had gone menjadi Had I gone Contoh:
Fakta: It is possible that I am selected as the president. 2. Tipe II: If I were the president, I would rebuild our nation.
Inversion: Were I the president, I would rebuild our nation. Fakta: I am not the president.
3. Tipe III: If I had been the president, I would’ve rebuilt our nation. Inversion: Had I been the president, I would’ve rebuilt our nation. Fakta: I was not the president.
Conjunctions Soal :
88. Many people in the world are agains the construction of nuclear plants in their neighborhood for fear of accidents that may harm their lives. Nevertheless, _____. [USM STIS 2012]
A. Most recently established stations are closed
B. There is no futreu for nuclear power industry
C. Government insists on using nuclear power as alternative energy
D. People still prefere various traditional kinds of energy
E. Nuclear energy has many disadvantages over traditional ones
89. Smoking can be the cause of many illness and respiratory disorders. _____, it may harm non-smokers. [USM STIS 2011]
F. In addition G. However H. Consequently I. Nevertheless J. Otherwise
90. “What did your father say when you told him you had lost all your money?”
“He was so angry _____ he couldn’t say anything.” [USM STIS 2011]
A. Therefore B. After C. That D. When E. So
91. “The last three football match performances of PSSI were disappointing.”
“You’re right. _____, its manager has contacted Nil Maizar, a professional coach in football training for the next competition.” [USM STIS 2013] A. So that B. In addition C. Therefore D. In spite of that E. More over
92. He did not pass the oral examination because he was either nervous _____. [USM STIS 2013] A. Or he did not prepare himself well B. And did not prepare well
C. Also the preparation was not good D. Or not well prepared
E. But he was not well prepared
93. The explanation for this strange phenomenon is that the human mind can create actual changes in the body-chemistry as the result it believes. If, _____, a person believes that a certain medication contains a substance that can accomplish a specific need, the body tends to move to that direction. [USM STIS 2013] A. Such as B. In addition C. For example D. In conclusion E. Therefore
94. Either the kids or the mother _____ worried about the father’s critical condition. [USM STIS 2013]
A. Was B. Be C. Were
D. Being E. She was
95. “I don’t see any direction to get to the waterfall.”
“_____ to show us the way.” [USM STIS 2013]
A. Also there are no guides B. We can also not have guides C. Nor are there any guides D. There are no guides E. So guides are not there
Jawaban :
88. Jawab: C. Nevertheless
Digunakan sebagai penghubung kalimat yang saling bertentangan, diartikan sebagai “walaupun demikian.”
89. Jawab: A. In addition (selain itu) However: namun
Consequently: akibatnya Nevertheless: walaupun begitu Otherwise: jika tidak
Conjunction paling tepat untuk soal adalah yang menyatakan informasi tambahan, seperti halnya in addition. Pilihan lain; and likewise, as well as, moreover, furthermore, besides, beside that.
90. Jawab: C. That
Bentuk so ... that ... digunakan untuk menggabungkan kalimat berikut:
He’s very angry. He couldn’t say anything. Untuk menggabungkannya, kata very diganti so dan dikuti that.
91. Jawab: C. Therefore
Therefore digunakan sebagai penghubung antarkalimat, dan diikuti tanda baca koma (,). 92. Jawab: D. Or not well prepared
Pola either ... or ... digunakan ketika salah satu dari dua pernyataan adalah benar.
Artinya: Kalau bukan gugup (either nervous), dia tidak mempersiapkan diri dengan baik (not well prepared).
93. Jawab: C. For example
Keterangan soal (If ... a person believes ... direction) menunjukkan contoh dari kalimat sebelumnya. Such as tidak digunakan karena hanya digunakan untuk rincian.
In addition: Selain itu, sebagai tambahan In conclusion: Kesimpulannya adalah Therefore: Oleh karena itu
94. Jawab: C. Were
Either ... or ... pada dasarnya menggunakan singular to be. Tapi karena kata kids di sana berbentuk jamak, kalimatnya juga
menggunakan bentuk plural. 95. Jawab: C. Nor are there any guides
Nor digunakan untuk menyambung kalimat negatif sebelumnya. Kalimat pertama pada soal sudah berbentuk negatif, pembicara kedua menyambung dengan bentuk negatif pula.
Rumus: Nor + to be/ verb + S. (Artinya: tidak ada juga petunjuk jalan).
Materi :
CONJUNCTIONS
Fungsi utama conjunction adalah menghemat kata. Bentuknya ada dua: coordinating, dan subordinating. a. Coordinating Conjunction
Gunakan untuk menggabungkan subjek, predikat, objek, keterangan atau pelengkap, yang berupa kata sifat, kata keterangan atau kata benda.
- And dan as well as : dan
- Besides : selain itu (ingat, ada s-nya) - Both ... and ... : baik ... maupun ...
- Moreover : bahkan
- Likewise : seperti (itu) juga - Furthermore : lebih jauh lagi Pertentangan
- But : tetapi
- Not only ... but also ... : tidak hanya ... tetapi juga ... Pilihan
- Or : atau
- Otherwise : jika tidak begitu, maka ... - Neither ... nor ... : baik ... maupun ... tidak .... Contoh:
- I hate people who smoke as well as those who drink. - She has a job, but she doesn’t get enough salary. - He leaves, or I leave.
b. Subordinating Conjunction
Gunakan untuk menghubungkan anak kalimat dan induknya. Anak kalimat berupa keterangan waktu, tempat, tujuan, sebab, dsb.
Menunjukkan waktu - After : setelah - Before : sebelum Menunjukkan tempat - Where : tempat - In which : tempat - Wherever : di mana saja Menunjukkan tujuan
- For : untuk, karena
- So that : oleh karena itu - In order that : untuk (diikuti klausa) - In order to : untuk (diikuti kata kerja) - In the hope that : untuk
Menunjukkan alasan
- Because : karena (diikuti kalimat) - Because of : karena (diikuti noun/klausa) - Due to : karena (diikuti noun/klausa)
- Such ... that ... : sangat ... (noun) sehingga ... - So ... that ... : sangat ... (adjective) sehingga ... - As, for, why : karena, sebab
Menunjukkan konsekuensi
- Consequently/as a result: sebagai akibatnya - Accordingly : karena alasan tsb - Therefore, thus, then : oleh karena itu Menunjukkan syarat
- If : jika
- Only if : hanya jika - Otherwise : jika tidak begitu - Or else : jika tidak begitu - When : jika (ketika) - Even if : kalaupun jika
- In case that : jika bahwa (diikuti kalimat) Menunjukkan pertentangan
- Although/though : meskipun - Even though : meskipun
- However, nevertheless : namun, walaupun begitu - In spite of/ despite : meskipun
Contohnya:
- She locked the door after yelling at me.
- Brian said those things in order that you let him in. - I will do it only if you do it first.
- The plant died, even though I had put a lot of fertilizer. - He is so adorable that people like him. [So + adjective] - He is such an adorable kid that people like him. [Such +noun]
Degree of comparison Soal :
96. Microscopes make small things appear larger than _____. [USM STIS 2006]
A. Really are B. Are really are C. Are they really D. They really are
97. Gina is beautiful like her mother is.
The same structure with the sentence above is _____. [USM STIS 2013]
A. Gina is not so beautiful as her mother B. Gina is more beautiful than her mother C. Gina is not beautiful as her mother D. Gina is the most beautiful
Jawaban :
96. Jawab: D. They really are
Soal menunjukkan comparative degree. S + to be + adjective (er/more) + than + S + (to be)
Atau, sesuai permintaan soal:
S + look + adjective (er/more) + than + S + (to be)
97. Jawab: E. Gina is as beautiful as her mother Positive degree: Subjek 1 + tobe + as + adjective + as + subjek 2
Materi :