Semakin kecil saiz ketulan marmar, CaCO 3, semakin tinggi kadar tindak balas
CHECKLIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
TOPIC EXPERIMENT √ / X DATE
The Structure of the
atom 1. To determine the melting point and freezing point of napththalene.
Chemical formulae and equations
1. To determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide.
2. To determine the empirical formula of copper(II) oxide Periodic Table of
Element
1. Reaction of Group 1 elements with water, oxygen gas and chlorine gas.
2. Reaction of Group 17 elements with iron.
Chemical bonds 1. Experiment to test the conductivity of ionic compound and covalent compound in molten state and aqueous solution.
Electrochemistry
1. Electrolysis of molten lead (II) bromide.
2. Electrolysis of aqueous solution :
(i) dilute sulphuric acid with carbon electrode.
(ii) concentrated and diluted hydrochloric acid with carbon electrodes.
(iii) copper(II) sulphate solution with carbon and copper electrodes.
3. Simple voltaic cell: production of electrical energy using Daniell cell.
4. To develop the Electrochemical Series using the simple voltaic cell and displacement of metal reaction.
Acids and Bases 1. To determine the end point by titration method by for the neutralisation reaction of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid.
Salt
1. Describe the preparation of an example of soluble salt.
2. Describe the preparation of an example of an insoluble salt.
3. Describe how to test the presence of ions in copper(II) sulphate crystal.
Manufactured
substances in industry 1. To analyse the effect of alloying toward the hardness of metals.
Rate of reactions
1. To determine the effects of size of substance towards rate of reaction.
2. To determine the effects of concentration towards rate of reaction.
3. To determine the effects of temperature towards rate of reaction.
4. To determine the effects of catalyst towards rate of reaction.
Carbon Compounds 1. To differentiate chemical properties between alkanes and alkenes through :
(a) combustion.
(b) reaction with bromine water.
(c) reaction with acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution.
2. Preparation of ethanol through fermentation process.
3. Dehydration of ethanol to ethane.
4. Production of ethanoic acid from the oxidation of ethanol.
5. Preparation of a named ester.
Oxidation and reduction
1. (a) To change Fe2+ ion to Fe3+ ion.
(b) To change Fe3+ ion to Fe2+ ion.
2. Displacement of halogens.
3. The effects of other metals towards the rusting of iron.
4. Transfer the electron at a distance.
5. To develop the reactivity series of metal.
6. To determine the position of carbon and hydrogen in the reactivity series
Thermochemistry
1. To determine heat of displacement of metals.
2. To determine heat of precipitation of silver chloride.
3. To determine heat of neutralization between acids and alkalis.
4. To determine heat of combustion of alcohols.
Chemicals for consumers
1. Preparation of soap
2. The cleansing action of soap
3. The effectiveness of the cleansing action of soap and detergent in hard water.
9
You are given the glacial ethanoic acid, magnesium ribbon and blue litmus paper.
Referring to the above information, design a laboratory experiment to investigate the role of water in showing the properties of acid.
Your planning must include the following items:
Aim of the experiment
9 (a) [ Able to give the aim of the experiment correctly ] Example :
To investigate the role of water in showing the properties of glacial ethanoic acid/acid 9 (b) [ Able to state All variables correctly ]
Example :
Manipulated variable : Condition of ethanoic acid Responding variable : Acidic properties
Constant variable : Type of acid
9 (c) [ Able to give the hypothesis correctly]
Example :
Ethanoic acid/An acid shows its acidic properties when water is present
9 (d) [ Able to give the list of the apparatus and substances correctly and completely]
Example :
List of apparatus and substances Dry test tube, wooden splinter
Glacial ethanoic acid, water, magnesium ribbon, blue litmus paper 9 (e) [ Able to state all procedures correctly ]
Example :
1. 5 cm3 of glacial ethanoic acid is poured into two of dry test tube Acids only show their acidic properties when they are dissolved in water
2. A piece of blue litmus paper is dipped into one of the test tube and the observation is recorded
3. 5 cm of magnesium ribbon is added into one more test tube and any gas released is tested with a lighted wooden splinter. Record the observation
4. A distilled water is added into 5 cm3 of glacial ethanoic acid in two separate test tubes to form solution of ethanoic acid
5. Step 2-3 are repeated using aqueous ethanoic acid.
6. Effect on the blue litmus paper and effect on magnesium ribbon are recorded 9 (f) [ Able to exhibit the tabulation of data correctly ]
Tabulation of data has the following elements : 1. 3 columns and 3 rows
Example :
Acid Effect on blue litmus
paper
Effect on magnesium ribbon
Glacial ethanoic acid Ethanoic acid solution
Rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan kereaktifan logam X dan logam Y terhadap oksigen.
5 (i) Able to state the aim of the experiment accurately by relating the reactivity of metals X and Y towards oxygen.
3. To investigate/study the (relative reactivity)/reactivity of metal X and metal Y toward oxygen
4. To investigate/study whether metal X is more reactive than metal Y towards oxygen
3
5 (ii) Manipulated variable: Metal X and Metal Y
Responding variable: Reactivity of metal formed with oxygen
Controlled variable: Amount of oxygen gas//amount of potassium manganate(VII)//amount of
potassium chlorate(V) and manganese(IV) oxide
3
5 (iii) Metal X is more reactive towards oxygen than metal Y or vice versa // The reactivity of metal X towards oxygen is higher than metal Y or vice versa
3
(Finely divided) powdered metal X and Y,
Metals have different reactivity towards oxygen. X and Y are metals which are more reactive than zinc.
Logam mempunyai kereacktifan yang berlainan terhadap oksigen. X dan adalah logam yang lebih reaktif daripada zink
5 (iv)
potassium manganate(VII)//[potassium chlorate(V) and manganese(IV) oxide, Test-tube//boiling tube, retort stand with clamp, bunsen burner, glass-wool, asbestos paper.