Brass is an alloy containing copper and zinc is harder and stronger than its pure metal components
Loyang adalah aloi yang mengandungi kuprum dan zink mempunyai kekerasan dan kekuatan yang lebih berbanding logam utamanya.
copper block, brass block, cellophane tape
3(e)
[ Able to state all procedures correctly ] Example :
1. Use the cellophane tape to stick a steel ball bearing onto the copper block 2. Hang a weight at a height of 50 cm above the ball bearing
3. Drop the weight so that it hits the ball bearing
4. Measure the diameter of the dent made on the copper block
5. Repeat steps 1 to 4 twice on the other parts of the copper block in order to obtain the average value
6. Repeat steps 1-5 replacing the copper block with the brass block
3
3(f)
[ Able to exhibit the tabulation of data correctly ] Tabulation of data has the following elements : 1. 5 columns and 3 rows
2. Table contains topics : Type of block ,diameter and average diameter with unit
Example :
Type of block Diameter of dent (cm) Average Diameter (cm)
Using the suitable materials and apparatus, plan a labotary experiment to compare the electrical conductivity between the compounds of X and Y.
Your explaination should include all the followings Question
Number Rubric Maximum
Score 3(a) Does the electrical conductivity is the same between ionic compound X and covalent
compound Y? 3
3(b) Manipulated variable : compound X and compound Y// Types of compound Responding variable : conductivity
Constant variable : mass of compound X and Y // quantity of electric current 3(c) List of apparatus and materials
Ionic compound X and covalent compound Y 3
A student is given an ionic compound X and covalent compound Y.
Crucible, wire with crocodile clip, ammeter/bulb, battery, tripod stand, Bunsen burner, carbon electrode, triangle clay
3(d) [ Able to state all procedures correctly ] Example :
1. Put the ionic compound X into a crucible with half full level
2. One carbon rod is connected to positive terminal of battery, another rod is connected to negative terminal of battery.
3. Dip a pair of carbon rod into the powder of compound X 4. Switch on and record ammeter reading/ observe on the bulb
5. Heat the ionic compound X until its melting and record ammeter reading 6. Repeat steps 1-5 by using the covalent compound Y
3
[ Able to exhibit the tabulation of data correctly ] Tabulation of data has the following elements : 1. 3 columns and 3 rows
2. Table contains topics : name of compound, ammeter reading with unit, solid state, molten state
Example :
Substance Ammeter Reading// Observation on the bulb
Solid state Molten state
Ionic compound X Covalent compound Y
3
3
Rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk mengesahkan pernyataan di atas. Perancangan anda hendaklah mengandungi perkara-perkara berikut:
Score Explanation
3(a)
[Able to state the problem statement accurately]
Does the heat of neutralisation between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution is higher than the heat of neutralisation between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide solution?
3 (b) Manipulated variable: Hydrochloric Acid and Ethanoic Acid //Strong acid and weak acid
The value of heat of neutralisation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solution is higher than heat of neutralisation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium hydroxide solution.
Nilai haba peneutralan bagi tindak balas antara larutan asid hidroklorik dengan larutan natrium hidroksida lebih tinggi daripada haba
peneutralan larutan asid etanoik dengan larutan natrium hidroksida
Responding variable : Heat of neutralisation
Apparatus :Polystyrene/plastic cup, thermometer, measuring cylinder 100cm3
3(d)
1. 50 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution is poured into a polystyrene cup using a measuring cylinder. The initial temperature of sodium hydroxide solution is recorded.
2. 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid is measured and the initial temperature is recorded.
3. Hydrochloric acid is then poured into a cup containing sodium hydroxide solution.
4. The mixture is stirred using thermometer and the highest temperature is recorded.
Repeat steps 1 to 5 using ethanoic acid instead of hydrochloric acid.
3 3(e)
1. Columns and rows 2. Headings in the table 3. With unit
Example:
Pair of acid/alkali
Initial temperature/ oC
Highest temperature of
Merujuk kepada pernyataan di atas anda dikehendaki merancang satu eksperimen untuk menjalankan penyaduran kunci besi dengan logam nikel dan logam kuprum.
Penerangan anda haruslah mempunyai perkara-perkara berikut:
Skor Penerangan
3
1. Bagaimanakah proses elektrolisis boleh digunakan untuk menyadurkan kunci besi dengan logam nikel.
2. Adakah proses elektrolisis boleh digunakan untuk menyadurkan kunci besi dengan logam nikel.
3 Pembolehubah yang dimanipulasikan: jenis logam anod
Electroplating is one of the uses of electrolysis process. Metal that is used as the anode affected the result of the electroplating.
Penyaduran logam merupakan satu kegunaan proses elektrolisis Hasil penyaduran bergantung kepada logam anod
Pembolehubah yang bergerakbalas : hasil penyaduran
Pembolehubah yang dimalarkan : Isipadu dan kepekatan larutan nikel (II) sulfat dan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat//nilai arus elektrik
3
Senarai bahan
Larutan nikel (II) sulfat, larutan kuprum(II) sulfat, kunci besi, logam nikel logam kuprum
Senarai radas
Bikar, wayar penyambung dengan klip buaya, ammeter, bateri,reostat
3
6. 50 cm3 larutan nikel (II) sulfat disukat dan dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah bikar
7. Logam nikel disambungkan ke punca positif bateri manakala kunci besi disambung ke punca negatif bateri// Logam nikel dijadikan anod manakala kunci besi dijadikan katod
8. Pasangan logam nikel dan kunci besi dicelupkan ke dalam larutan nikel (II) sulfat.
9. Suis dihidupkan dan arus elektrik 0.5 A dibiarkan mengalir selama 40 minit 10. Perubahan pada elektrod diperhatikan.
Ulang langkah 1 hingga 5 dengan menggunakan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dan logam kuprum
- Mempunyai lajur dan baris
- Pemerhatian di kunci besi dan di logam nikel Type of metal at
anode
Pemerhatian di kunci besi logam kuprum
logam nikel
5. Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus used to investigate the cleansing action of soap and detergent on a piece of cloth stained with oil.
Based on the above diagram, plan one laboratory experiment tocompare the effectiveness of soap and detergent in hard water.
Questio n
Rubric Score
3(a) To compare the effectiveness of soap and detergent on cleansing action
in hard water . 2
3(b) Manipulated variable: Soap and detergent
Responding variable: Effectiveness of cleansing action Fixed variable: Type of water//hard water
3
3(c) Detergent is more effective than soap in hard water 3
3(d)
Hard water, soap and detergent,2 beakers, 2 pieces of cloths stained with oil, galss rod
3
3(e) Able to state procedures correctly as follows
1. [50 - 200] cm3 of hard water is poured into a beaker 2. Soap is added into the beaker
3. A piece of cloth stained with oil is immersed in the solution 4. The cloth is shaken/rubbed/stirred
5. Observation is recorded
6. Repeat steps 1 – 5 by using detergent .
3
3(f) Able to tabulate the data correctly Sample answer
Type of cleaning agent Observation Soap
Detergent
3
6.